Imigaqo ebalulekileyo kunye nezikhokelo ezisisiseko zeClassical School of Bonsai: ithiyori, umlinganiselo, kunye nokhathalelo lonyaka.

Imithi yeBonsai iyathandeka ngokukwazi kwabo ukuthoba ubungangamsha bendalo ibe yincinci. La matye anqabileyo okwenene, alinywe ngobunono, abubungqina bokuba nomonde, i ubugcisa kunye ubuchule Banokuguqula imithi eqhelekileyo ibe yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ephilayo enentsingiselo, isithethe nobuhle. Ukuma phambi kwebhonsai kufana nokucinga iqhekezana lehlathi, ifestile ye-ecosystem encinci edibanisa abantu nendalo kunye nokugqithisa.

Ubugcisa bebhonsai buneengcambu zabo kwisidingo samandulo sokuba nesiqwenga sendalo ekhaya. Oku kwakhuthaza impucuko yamandulo ukuba izame ukutyala imithi ezimbizeni. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iziseko zokuqala zethiyori kunye nefilosofi zabekwa kwiTshayina yamandulo, kwaye kamva eJapan, lo mkhuba wadityaniswa. Isikolo saseBonsai Classical, abamithetho kunye nemigaqo yabo iqhubeka ukukhokela abantu abafundayo kunye neenkosi kwihlabathi jikelele.

Kulo lonke eli nqaku siza kuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha kwaye singqongqo Imigaqo esisiseko yeClassical School yaseBonsai, ukusuka kwizinto ezisisiseko zobuhle kunye nokulinganisela ukuya kuyilo lonyaka kunye nemithetho yokunyamekela. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda indlela yokubumba umthi wakho ukwenzela ukuba ubukho bawo bubugcisa, indalo, kunye nokulinganisela embizeni, le yindlela efanelekileyo.

Intshayelelo yethiyori kwi-bonsai yakudala: ubugcisa, ifilosofi kunye nesithethe

El bonsai Ingaphezulu kakhulu kunesityalo esilula kwimbiza encinci. Luqeqesho lobugcisa lwakudala olufuna ukubonakalisa undoqo womthi omdala kwindalo, ngokuhlonipha ukuvumelana, i ibhalansi kunye nokungafezeki okukhoyo kwimbonakalo-mhlaba yendalo. Nangona kunjalo, obu bugcisa abuyiyo nje into yobuhle: idibanisa ifilosofi yaseMpuma, ukucamngca, kunye nentlonipho enzulu kumjikelezo wobomi bohlobo ngalunye.

La Isikolo saseBonsai Classical Iqulethe uluhlu lwemithetho kunye nezikhokelo ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana. Le migangatho ayenzelwanga ukunciphisa ubuchule bokuyila, kodwa kunokubonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima nesihambelanayo sokuphuhlisa imbonakalo egqibeleleyo, enempilo, kunye nemithi ebalaseleyo ngobugcisa. Njengoko ingcali ifumana amava, kulindeleke ukuba bayifake ngaphakathi le migaqo ukuze, ngovakalelo kunye nesigqibo sabo, bakwazi ukutolika kwakhona kwaye batyebise umsebenzi wabo.

Iziseko eziphambili: imilinganiselo, i-triangularity kunye ne-taper

Ku Isikolo saseBonsai Classical, i ibhalansi ebonakalayo Ithatyathwe kusetyenziso oluchanekileyo lwezinye imilinganiselo kunye nemithetho yejometriPhakathi kwabo, i-triangularity kunye ne-conicity zibalulekile:

• Unxantathu: Yonke ibhonsai kufuneka ikwazi ukubhalwa ngaphakathi komzobo ongunxantathu xa ibonwa ngaphambili. Lo mfanekiso akufanele ube ngunxantathu ogqibeleleyo wejometri, kodwa kunoko ucebise iprofayili yomthi ofanelekileyo kwindalo. I-apex (i-Shin) imele i-vertex ephezulu, isebe eliphantsi (i-Soe) kunye nesebe eliphakathi (i-Tai) ligqibezela i-vertices yesiseko sonxantathu, ukudala unxantathu we-scalene obonelela nge-dynamism kunye nendalo. Ngapha koko, kwimiboniso yakudala, ibhonsai ihamba kunye nesityalo esincedisayo kunye neKakemono (ilaphu elijingayo elinomfanekiso wendalo), ukwenza unxantathu phakathi kwezinto ezithathu, isimboli somanyano phakathi kwendalo, ubuntu, kunye nobuthixo.
• UmlinganiseloKukho izikhokelo ezichanekileyo zokufezekisa ukuhambelana okubonakalayo kwi-bonsai. Umthi kufuneka ube malunga nobukhulu obuphindwe kathandathu ubukhulu be-nebari (isiseko sesiqu kunye nendawo yengcambu ebonakalayo). Isebe lokuqala eliphambili (ichi-no-eda) kufuneka livele kwisinye kwisithathu sobude obupheleleyo. Imbiza, okwangoku, kufuneka ibe nzulu njengobungqingqwa be-nebari kunye nesibini kwisithathu ubude bomthi bubonke ubude okanye ububanzi, kuxhomekeke kwisimbo kunye neentlobo.
• I taperIsiqu sebhonsai kufuneka sibe banzi kwisiseko kwaye taper ngokuqhubekayo ukuya kwi-apex. Olu phawu lukwasebenza kumasebe: okuya kude kwi-trunk, kufuneka abe mncinci. I-reverse tapering ijongwa njengesiphene esinzulu kuba iphazamisa inkohliso yomthi yendalo kunye nokukhula.

Ukuhlonipha kunye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwale mithetho kubalulekile ekuqaleni.Kodwa njengakubugcisa obuphambili obunje ngokupeyinta kunye noyilo, inkosi yokwenyani yileyo ikwaziyo ukuphinda itolike ngovakalelo ukuze idale imisebenzi etsha kunye neemvakalelo. I-Bonsai echasene nemithetho, kodwa igcina ibhalansi kunye nobuhle bendalo, ihlala ithandwa kakhulu kwimiboniso kunye nokhuphiswano.

Izikhokelo zoYilo ezongezelelweyo zeClassical: Amasebe, intshukumo, kunye noLungiselelo

• Ukutshintshwa kwamasebe: Amasebe kufuneka atshintshe kulungiselelo (ekunene, ekhohlo, ngasemva) enze ulwakhiwo olujikelezayo, olunegalelo kwisiphumo se-dimensional ezintathu nobunzulu.
• Amasebe akhula ngaphandle kwamagopheKwibhonsai ene-sinuous trunk, isebe ngalinye kufuneka lihlale livela ngaphandle kweegophe ze-trunk. Ukuba zivela ngaphakathi, igophe liya kuthi shwaka ekugqibeleni kwaye uyilo luya kuba lunxamnye nendalo. Kukho izinto ezingafaniyo kulo mgaqo kwiindlela ezinemiqolo ethe tye ngokupheleleyo (Chokkan).
• Ukuhamba kwe-tachiagari: Icandelo le-trunk phakathi kwe-nebari kunye nesebe lokuqala kufuneka licebise ukunyakaza, ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo imigca ethe nkqo okanye ethe tye, ekubeni i-symmetry epheleleyo inqabile kwindalo.
• Ubume bendalo kunye nokuvisisanaNgaphezulu kwayo yonke into, i-bonsai kufuneka ivuse imvakalelo yomthi omdala, oqinileyo, owenziwe lixesha kunye neempawu, ukuphepha ukugqithisa okwenziweyo. Ibhalansi phakathi kwemigangatho engqongqo kunye nobuntununtunu bobugcisa buphawula umahluko phakathi kwe "textbook bonsai" kunye nobugcisa bendalo bokwenyani.

Ukubaluleka kwemijikelo yamaxesha onyaka kunye nentlonipho yesingqi sobomi

Ngaphandle kwefomu, impilo kunye nobomi obude bebhonsai buxhomekeke kubuchule bomlimi hlonipha imijikelo yendalo yomthiImisebenzi ephambili yokubumba kunye nokugcinwa (ukuthena, ukufakela iintambo, ukutshintshwa, ukuchumisa, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nonyango lwe-phytosanitary) kufuneka lulungiswe ngononophelo kwikhalenda yebhayoloji yohlobo ngalunye kunye nemozulu yendawo.

Umsebenzi wexesha elithile kukhathalelo lwebhonsai

Primavera

• Ukutshintshwa: Kanye emva kokuba iqabaka yokugqibela idlulile lelona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala izityalo ezivuthulukayo nezihlala ziluhlaza. Ukusebenzisa i-porous substrates ezifana ne-akadama kunye ne-kiryuzuna kwi-70-30 ratio ikhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu eziphilileyo. Kwiintlobo zetropiki, linda amaqondo obushushu ashushu.
• Unkcenkceshelo: Gcina i-substrate ifumile kodwa ungaze ube namanzi. I-frequency ihlala rhoqo ngeentsuku ezi-2-3, ukulungelelanisa ngokweemeko zemozulu kunye nobukhulu bebhodwe.
• Abalawuli berhorhoIxesha lezinambuzane liyaqala. Faka unyango lokuthintela kunye neoli yemifuno (i-neem) okanye i-garlic / i-anyanisi extracts.
• IingcingoEli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokubumba umthi, njengoko umthi ukhula ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-bark iyaguquguquka. Jonga amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucingo alucoli isiqu okanye amasebe.
• Ukuthena: Kuphela ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukususa i-crosswood, amasebe abuthathaka, okanye amasebe angahambelani noyilo. Ukuba uthe watyala ngokutsha, kuhlehlisa ukuthena kude kube ngumjikelo olandelayo.
• Ukupasa: Sebenzisa izichumisi ezithile ezingamanzi ukusuka ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo.

Ihlobo

• Ukunkcenkceshela ngamandlaUbushushu kunye nokuguquka kwamanzi kufuna ukuqaphela ngakumbi. Ukunkcenkceshela kabini ngemini kuya kuba yimfuneko ngamaxesha obushushu obungaphezu kwama-30°C.
• UkuncwinaUkulawula ukukhula ngamandla, vumela amahlumelo ukuba aphuhlise ipere ezi-4 ukuya kwezisi-8 zamagqabi, emva koko uwathene aphinde abuyele kwizibini ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4. Oku kuya kugcina imilo kwaye kwandise i-branching entle.
• Ukutshintshwa kweentlobo zetropiki: I-Ficus, i-Serissa, i-Carmona okanye ezinye iintlobo ze-tropical zilungelelanisa ngcono ukutshintshwa ngeli xesha.
• Izinambuzane: Qwalasela i- mealybugs, spider mites, kunye nentwala. Sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo okanye ezenziwe ekhaya kwaye wandise ukufuma ngezitshizi zasekuseni okanye zangokuhlwa.

Ukuwa

• Unkcenkceshelo: Nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehla, malunga neentsuku ezi-3-4.
• Ukunqunyanyiswa korhumoXa ukukhula kuyeka, ukuchumisa nako kuyeka.
• Ukwenziwa ukuthenwaUkuba akuzange kwenziwe entwasahlobo, ukuwa kwasekuqaleni lelona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuchaza uyilo kunye nokususa amasebe angeyomfuneko. Kubalulekile ukubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo kunye nokutywina amanxeba ngentlama ephilisayo.
• Susa ucingo: Vumela amasebe ukuba aphumle ukuba uyilo luvumela. Ucingo lungaphinda lufakwe kunyaka olandelayo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ubusika

• Ukunkcenkceshela ngamaxesha athile: Qinisekisa ukuba i-substrate ayomi ngokupheleleyo.
• ukhuseleko kwiqabaka: Ibalulekile kwiintlobo zetropikhi kunye ne-subtropical, ibeka ngaphakathi endlini kuphela ngezi nyanga kwaye ihlala kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle kude nedrafti.

Ngaba ikhona ibhonsai yangaphakathi?

Ngokwenene Ibhonsai yenzelwe ukulima ngaphandle., apho banokufumana imijikelo yendalo yobushushu, ukukhanya nokufuma. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lasebusika, iintlobo ezibuthathaka kakhulu zingagcinwa ngaphakathi kwindlu okwethutyana, ngaphandle kokuba ukukhanya okwaneleyo kunye neemeko zokufuma ziqinisekisiwe. Ukuzigcina ezindlwini unyaka wonke kuyonakalisa impilo yabo kwaye kuthintela ukukhula kwazo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Gqibezela iSikhokelo soYilo lweBonsai: Izitayile, ubuGcisa, kunye neeNgcebiso zeNgcali

Yintoni ibhonsai ngokwenene kwaye yintoni engeyiyo?

Kwiindawo zokulima kuqhelekile ukufumana izityalo ezininzi ezibhalwe njenge "bonsai", kodwa ayizizo zonke ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yezityalo. isikolo samabanga aphakamileyoUkuze ithathwe njengebhonsai yokwenyani, ezi mfuno zilandelayo kufuneka zifezekiswe:

• Ukuba sisityalo somthi: Inokuba ngumthi, isihlahla okanye i-conifer, ekwazi ukuphuhlisa ngomthi y iingcambu ezihambelanayo.
• Ufakelo oluninzi: Xa utyalwe ngokuphindwe kathathu ukusuka kwimbewu okanye kwinqanaba lokusika de ifikelele kwimo yayo evuthiweyo.
• Ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwizikhokelo zoyilo lwakudala: Unxantathu, ukuhambelana, ukutshintshwa kwamasebe kunye nentlonipho yomjikelezo wobomi bomzekelo.

Izityalo eziselula kwiitreyi, iingcambu ezisandul’ ukumiliselwa, okanye imithi engamiliselwanga ayijongwa njengebhonsai ngendlela engqongqo, nangona inokuba sisiqalo esihle sokufunda nokuziqhelanisa.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokuyila kunye nokukhathalela ibhonsai ekhethekileyo

• Yifake ithiyori ngaphakathi ukuze uyitolike: Ukufunda kwasekuqaleni kufuneka kube ngqongqo, kodwa wakuba uwazi kakuhle umlinganiselo, fumana esakho isimbo kwaye udlulise into eyahlukileyo ngomthi ngamnye.
• Qwalasela indaloOlona khuthazo lubalaseleyo luvela kwimithi emidala, ebunjwe ngumoya, ikhephu, okanye imbalela. Ukuqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kuya kukuvumela ukuba wenze uyilo olukholelwa ngokwenene.
• Khetha iintlobo ezidumileyo nezilungelelanisiweyoIjunipha, i-ficus, kunye neemephu zixabiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukubumbeka ngokulula, kunye neempawu zobuhle. Uhlobo ngalunye lunesingqisho salo sokukhula esikhethekileyo kunye neendlela ezicetyiswayo.
• Umonde nokunyamezelaI-Bonsai bubugcisa obuthatha iminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka. Ukungxama lolona tshaba lubi lomlimi. Zonke izenzo kufuneka zingqinelane nemeko yangoku yomthi kunye nekhalenda yexesha lonyaka.
• ubuchule obuphezulu: Njengoko uqhubela phambili, unokuzama ukudibanisa, i-deadwood (i-jin kunye ne-shari), i-defoliation ukunciphisa ubungakanani begqabi, kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-apex, uhlala ugcina impilo njengento ephambili.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kuqeqesho lwebhonsai kunye nokugcinwa

• Ukutsiba imijikelo yokulala: Ukuthena, ukutyalwa ngokutsha okanye ukuvala iintambo ngexesha lonyaka kwenza umthi ube buthathaka.
• Ukusebenzisa iimbiza ezingafanelekanga okanye i-substrates: I-substrate ehlangeneyo, ukungena komoya kakubi okanye imbiza encinci kakhulu/enkulu kakhulu ibeka esichengeni impilo yeengcambu.
• Iifom ezenziweyo okanye ezinyanzeliswe ngokugqithisileyo: Ukubeka phambili ubukhazikhazi ngaphezu koyilo lwendalo kudla ngokukhokelela kwibhonsai engakholelekiyo kwaye isesichengeni.
• Ulibale ukutshintshwa kwamasebeUkugalela kuphela kwicala elinye, okanye ukushiya izikhewu ezinkulu phakathi kwamasebe kuphula i-symmetry ebonakalayo kunye nesingqisho sendalo somthi.
• Ukungabi namondeUkufuna iziphumo ezikhawulezayo kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezingenakulungiseka. Unyaka ngamnye ubala, kodwa kuphela isixa sayo yonke iminyaka kunye nokhathalelo olwenza umzekelo ofanelekileyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neSikolo seClassical saseBonsai

1. Ngaba imigaqo yeSikolo seClassical inokwaphulwa? Imigangatho ibonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima sobuhle kunye nebhayoloji; kunjalo, ngamava, ootitshala badla ngokuzitolika ukongeza ubuntu kunye nentsusa ngaphandle kokuncama balance.
2. Loluphi uhlobo olungcono ukuqala ngalo? Imithi yeFicus ilungele abaqalayo ngenxa yobunzima bayo. Iijunipha kunye nezinye iimephu zezona zikhetho zibalaseleyo ngomonde kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngenyameko.
3. Ngaba ndingayigcina ibhonsai yam ngaphakathi endlwini ngalo lonke ixesha? Kuphela ziintlobo zetropikhi ezinokuchitha ixesha elifutshane ngaphakathi endlwini; ukukhanya kwendalo kunye nomoya omtsha zibalulekile kwimpilo kunye nobomi obude boninzi lwebhonsai.
4. Ngaba ubudala bumisela umgangatho webhonsai? Ubudala sisikhokelo kuphela. I-bonsai inokufezekisa ubuhle obukhulu kunye nokukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka embalwa nje ukuba ibunjwe ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa imithi emidala engenziwanga kakuhle iya kuswela umgangatho wobugcisa.

Ukhathalelo oluphezulu kunye neengcebiso kwiintlobo zebhonsai ezidumileyo

• Iijunipha: Badume ngokukwazi kwabo ukumelana nongenelelo olumandla kunye nokulula kwabo kubunjwa. Bafuna ilanga elithe ngqo, i-substrate yokukhupha kakuhle, kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuphakathi. Bazinyamezela kakuhle izitayile zedeadwood.
• UFicus: Idume kakhulu ngamandla ayo, ukunyamezelana nemozulu eyahlukileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukuhluma iingcambu zasemoyeni. Ilungele ukuthenwa, ukuchithwa kwamagqabi, kunye nokuxhunyelelwa. Ifuna ukukhanya okukhulu kunye nokufuma okuthile.
• iimaphu zaseJapan (Acer palmatum): Zibalasele ngenxa yamagqabi azo amangalisayo onyaka. Zifuna i-aerated substrates, umthunzi ongaphelelanga ehlotyeni, kunye nokhuseleko emoyeni nakwiqabaka. Zinochuku kwimbalela kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo emanzini.
• Irharnati: Ikhula kakuhle ngaphandle kwiimeko ezinelanga nakwimozulu epholileyo. Ivelisa iintyatyambo ezincinci kunye neziqhamo, inyamezela ukuthenwa kakuhle, kwaye iqhelana nezimbo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukusombulula iingxaki zebhonsai eziqhelekileyo: ukuvuthuluka kweqabunga, ukutyheli, kunye nokuba buthathaka

Phakathi kweengxaki eziqhelekileyo kwi-bonsai zi: ukuwa kwamagqabi kwangaphambi kwexesha, umthubi, okanye ubuthathaka jikelele. Oonobangela abaphambili badla ngokuba:

• Ukunkcenkceshela ngokungafanelekangaKokubini ukugqithisa nokungoneli kwamanzi kubangela ukuwa kwamagqabi. Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge ukukhupha amanzi kwaye ulungelelanise ukuphindaphinda ukuze kuhambelane nemozulu kunye ne-substrate.
• Ukungabikho kokukhanyaIbhonsai emthunzini osisigxina iya kulahlekelwa ngamandla, ihlume amaqabunga amakhulu, kwaye ilale. Beka kuqala indawo eqaqambileyo, enomoya.
• Inxalenye encinci: Ukungahlaziyi i-substrate rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 kubangela ukufuthaniselwa kweengcambu. I-substrate efanelekileyo i-aerated, ikhupha kakuhle, kwaye i-acidic encinci okanye ingathathi hlangothi, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo.
• Iindyikitya zokufa nezifoBeka iliso kwizinambuzane kunye nokungunda. Faka unyango lothintelo okanye lwendalo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nexesha lonyaka.

Uhambo oluya kwihlabathi le-bonsai yindlela yokuzazi, ukujonga, kunye nokufunda okuqhubekayo. Ukuqonda i Imigaqo esisiseko yeClassical School yaseBonsai Oku kubandakanya okungakumbi kunokucengceleza imithetho: kukufunda ukujonga izinto eziziintlobo ngeentlobo zendalo, ukwamkela isingqi semithi, kunye nokuguqulela ubuhle obuzenzekelayo benkangeleko yomhlaba ibe ngumsebenzi wobugcisa wobuqu. Kuphela ngokudibanisa amaxabiso entlonipho, umonde, kunye nobuchule kunokwenzeka ukuguqula ibhonsai nganye, nangona ilula, ibe ngumsebenzi ophilayo wobugcisa, okwaziyo ukuhambisa iimvakalelo kunye nokukhupha imihlaba engapheliyo entendeni yesandla sakho.