Baninzi abantu abacinga ukuba ii-conifers ziluhlobo lomthi. Ngokwenyani, izityalo zahlulwe ngo ..., ziyinyani, iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngaphezulu kwazo zonke zinokuhlelwa ngendlela elula: iintyatyambo kunye nezityalo ezingadubuliyo. Abokuqala babizwa ngokuba yi Iinkqubo kwaye zezona zihlala emhlabeni, Ezisandula ukwenzeka kodwa ezingakholwayo; ngelixa eyokugqibela isaziwa njenge imithambo kwaye zingabokuqala ukubonakala ebusweni bomhlaba, kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba iidinosaurs zenze njalo.
Okanye, ukusinceda siqonde ngcono omnye komnye: ii-angiosperms ziya kuba, umzekelo, iilayibrari ze-dimorphic, azaleas, imithi (ngaphandle kwalowo siza kubona kamva), izihlahla ... kunye neejimnosperms zonke ii-conifers, oko kukuthi, iipayini, ii-yews, umsedare, kunye nazo zonke ii-cycads ezinje UCyca revoluta. Ukongeza kwindlela yokuzala kwakhona, banenye iyantlukwano ukucingela.
IiGymnosperms
Las imithambo Banikezela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo kwii-angiosperms. Ke ukuya kalukhuni zahlukile ngo:
- Amagqabi ahlala ebhityile, "njengeenwele". Uninzi lwezi zityalo luphela, oko kuthetha ukuba aziphulukani namagqabi ebusika, kodwa zilahleka kancinci kancinci unyaka wonke.
- Iziqhamo kwiindidi ezininzi ziluhlobo lwephayinaphu njengoko kubonisiwe kwifoto, okanye "iibhola" ngaphakathi eziyimbewu.
- Ngokubanzi, ukufezekisa ipesenti yokuhluma okuphezulu, kuya kufuneka sihlwayele imbewu kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 kwisikhenkcisi esi-6º.
IiGymnosperms zezona zityalo zakudala ezikhoyo. Benza ukubonakala kwabo kwixesha leCarboniferous, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-350 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ke zezona zilula, kodwa akukho nto imangalisayo kuloo nto. Ngapha koko, banokukhula kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka kwi-72 degrees ukuya kwi-55 degrees South, ukusuka kufutshane kakhulu kwiArctic Circle ukuya kwiAntarctic tundra, sinokufumana iintlobo ezihlala ngaselunxwemeni.
Iimpawu zeGymnosperms
Ziziphi iimpawu zakho eziphambili? Ngaba:
- Imbewu iyazala ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala apho intyatyambo, elilisebe lokukhula okuncinci ukuvelisa amagqabi achumileyo okanye "i-sporophylls", ipoleni.
- Uninzi lweentlobo luhlala luhlaza, oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala ziluhlaza. Kukho ezinye ezihlaziya kancinci kancinci unyaka wonke, kodwa kukho ezinye ezenza rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 okanye nangaphezulu.
- Bayakwazi ukuhambisa amanzi ngcono kune-angiosperms, kuba bane-tracheids kwi-xylem yabo. Iitracheids ziiseli ezinde nezinemiphetho ethambileyo, efumaneka kwi-xylem, apho ijikeleza incindi eluhlaza.
- Zithatha ixesha elide ukuzala kwakhona. Ngokomndilili, unyaka kufuneka udlule ukusuka kwimpumlo kuye ekuchumiseni, kwaye ukukhula kwembewu kungathatha iminyaka emithathu.
- Iintyatyambo zezi zityalo zidluliselwa ipoleni kuphela ngumoya, ngaphandle kweeCycads.
Imizekelo yeeGymnosperms
IBalantium antarcticum
Oku kuxabisekile umthi wefern Inzalelwane yaseNew South Wales, Tasmania naseVictoria, e-Australia. Isikhumbuza kakuhle isundu, kodwa ayinanto yakwenza nayo. Esi sityalo ifikelela kubude obumalunga neemitha ezi-15, kodwa azidluli kwiimitha ezi-5.
Zenziwe ngerhizome emileyo eyenza isiqu, isiseko sayo esigutyungelwe yi-villi, nesithsaba ngamagqabi (amagqabi) amakhulu, i-2-6 yeemitha ubude kunye noburhabaxa. Kukulungele ukuba neembiza okanye kwiigadi ezinomthunzi, apho banokonwabela imozulu enemozulu epholileyo.
Ginkgo biloba
Ngumthi ongaphambi kwembali owayehlala nezona zirhubuluzi zinkulu ezabonwa nguMhlaba, iidinosaurs. Basindile ekutshabalaleni okukhulu, utshintsho lwemozulu oluqhelekileyo lwexesha kwaye kuko konke oku esinokukonwabela lo mthi umangalisayo.
Ifikelela kubude obumalunga neemitha ezingama-35, amagqabi aqaqambayo awayo ekwindla emva kokujika o-orenji tyheli.. Kukholelwa ukuba yeyokuzalwa eMpuma Asia; Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje ifumaneka kuyo yonke imimandla enobushushu behlabathi, kuba ixhasa amaqondo obushushu ukusuka ku-35ºC ukuya -15ºC. Ukongeza, inokuphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2500 XNUMX.
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, imithi yeyosapho lwe-angiosperms, ngaphandle kwe Ginkgo biloba. Lo ngumthi ongenazo iintyatyambo ezinamagqabi, kodwa ke ibhengeza ii-ovules kwaye, xa sele zichumile, zikhula kwimbewu. Unomdla, akunjalo?
Sequoia iispervirens
Enye yezona ndawo zide kunye neyona inde ehlala emhlabeni, eyinzalelwane yoNxweme lwePasifiki kuMntla Melika, kwintshona yelizwe. Sesinye sezityalo apho, ukuze ukwazi ukubuya kwaye wonwabele kubo bonke ubukhazikhazi baso, kuya kufuneka ujonge phezulu: inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-115.
Nangona ingesosidalwa sicebisa ukuba sibe nayo egadini, njengoko inezinga lokukhula kancinci (malunga ne-5cm ngonyaka) inokulinywa ngaphandle kwengxaki ukuba uhlala kwindawo enemozulu ebandayo. Ukulindela kwabo ubomi kufanelekile ukuba banconywe: Kufunyenwe iisampulu ezineminyaka engama-3000 ubudala.
IiAngiosperms
Izityalo ze-Angiosperm zininzi kakhulu `` zale mihla ''. Baqala inguquko malunga neminyaka eyi-130 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwiCretaceous esezantsi. Bebeyimpumelelo yendalo, kude kube ngelo xesha babengenandlela yokukhusela imbewu yayo. Ngokufika kwezi zityalo zihle kangaka, izizukulwana ezitsha ziye zabalula.
Las Iinkqubo zizonke ezo zityalo zivelisa iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo kamva kunye nembewu. Kolu hlobo lwezityalo sinokufumana imithi, imithi yesundu, izityalo ezithile zamaxesha athile, izityalo ezingapheliyo, ... ngamafutshane, ezo sihlala sizibona kwiigadi ezininzi.
Kwimeko yezi zityalo, iqanda likhuselekile, kwaye emva kokuba idityaniswe nesiqhamo iba sisiqhamo.
Iimpawu zeAngiosperm
Iimpawu zayo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
- Iimbewu, ebehamba ze ngaphambili, zikhuselwe ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo.
- Iintyatyambo zinomtsalane ngakumbi, kuba zifuna impova yezilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane ukuze zivelise.
- Balawula, ngaphezu kwako konke, amahlathi ashushu, nangona bekwazi ukukhula kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo.
- Umjikelo wobomi bayo ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu aliqela eminyaka, kuxhomekeke kwindaleko into nganye nganye ebenayo.
Imizekelo yezityalo ze-angiosperm
ICopiapoa humilis
I-Cacti, nangona zibonakala ziluhlobo olwahluke kakhulu lwesityalo kwezi siqhele ukuzibona, inyani kukuba zii-angiosperms. Inkqubo ye- ICopiapoa humilis, Enye yezona zinto zilula ukufumana ukuthengisa, njengazo zonke iintlobo zalo, imvelaphi yaseChile.
Ingaphezulu okanye incinci imbonakalo, kwaye ivelisa amahlumela amaninzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20cm ubude. Iintyatyambo ezincinci zimthubi kwaye ziyadubula ehlotyeni.
idelonix yasebukhosini
I-flamboyant ngomnye wemithi elinywe kakhulu kuyo yonke imimandla yetropiki yomhlaba. Imvelaphi yaseMadagascar, iphawulwa ngokuba nesithsaba separasol esenziwe ngamagqabi aziphatha ngokungapheliyo okanye ngokungagungqiyo okanye ngokuqaqanjelwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezikhoyo kule ndawo ukuyo.
Ifikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-12, Zineentyatyambo ezinkulu ezinee-petals ezibomvu okanye -orenji ezihluma entwasahlobo. Sisityalo esinconyelwe kakhulu kwizitiya eziphakathi, apho iqabaka ingenzeki.
IGazania rigens
IGazania yinzalelwane yalapha eMzantsi Afrika naseMozambiki, nangona ingadluli kubude obungama-30cm, yenye yezona zinto zinomdla esinokuzithengisa kwiindawo zokugcina ukutya nasezitiyeni zegadi: iintyatyambo zayo, ezikhumbuza ii dayisi, ezivulekileyo kunye nelanga kwaye zivale xa kutshona ilanga. Ngeentsuku ezinamafu, amagqabi ahlala evaliwe kuba akafumani kukhanya kwaneleyo.
Ngobungakanani bayo, inokubakho embizeni kunye nasegadini. Ewe kunjalo, ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo kunye nemozulu epholileyo ukuze iphile.
Ngaba uyazi umahluko phakathi komnye nomnye?
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