Isikhokelo esipheleleyo kunye neNkcazo yokuTyalwa kweSamaras: Amanyathelo, ukuKhathalela kunye neMpumelelo yokuhluma

Intshayelelo kwiSamaras: Isiqhamo esinamaphiko esinomtsalane seNdalo

I-Samaras ziziqhamo ezomileyo, eziqhelekileyo eziziinde, eziqulathe imbewu enye ngaphakathi kunye nolwandiso olufana nephiko.Olu phawu luvumela umoya ukuba usasazeke kwimigama emide, nto leyo efaka isandla kwikholoni yeendawo ezintsha ngeentlobo zezityalo ezizivelisayo. Indlela eyilwe ngayo ngobuchule yendalo yenye yezona ndlela zimangalisayo zokusasaza imbewu kwizityalo. kwaye ikhona kwiintlobo ezininzi zemithi kunye nezihlahla, ezibanika inzuzo ebalulekileyo ye-ecological.

I-samara idla ngokubhidaniswa namagqabi awileyo ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo kunye nokukhanya., kodwa umsebenzi wayo ugqithise kakhulu: ukuqhubela phambili uhlobo kunye nokuphepha ukhuphiswano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwabazali kunye nenzala yemithombo efana namanzi, ukukhanya, okanye izondlo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imithi eyahlukeneyo iphuhlise i-samaras enemilo ekhethekileyo kunye neendlela zokusabalalisa, ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zendawo yazo kunye nokwandisa amathuba abo okuntshula ngempumelelo.

Kweli nqaku, uya kufumanisa Yonke into oyifunayo ukuze uchonge ngempumelelo, uqokelele, kwaye utyale isamaras, kunye nesikhokelo esineenkcukacha esichaza amanyathelo afanele alandelwe, iintlobo zemithi eyivelisayo, kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo olunjengokuhluzwa okanye ukukhuselwa kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo. Apha, sidibanisa ulwazi olupheleleyo, olubanzi, kunye nolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo kwisihloko, ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluqinisekisiweyo kunye namava asebenzayo aya kukunceda ukusuka kwi-samara yakho yokuqala ukuya kwiiprojekthi zokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi.

Yintoni isamara? Uhlobo kunye nenkcazo

ISamara sisiqhamo esomileyo, esinembewu enye enemembranous, iphiko-like extension.Eli phiko linokucwangciswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo: ngamanye amaxesha igxininise ngokubhekiselele kwimbewu, okanye inokudlulela kwelinye icala, ivelise izakhiwo ezinzima ezifana ne-disamara okanye i-trisamara. Ithishu ebhityileyo, enentsinga yephiko yiyo eyenza i-samara ikwazi ukuqhutywa kakuhle ngumoya., ukuwususa kumthi ongumama nokuqinisekisa ukwanda kohlobo.

Ubungakanani be-samara buhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kumthi wemvelaphi: Kukho ii<em>samara ezincinane, eziziimilimitha nje ezimbalwa ngobukhulu, yaye ezinye zingaphezu kweesentimitha.Xa zisandul’ ukubunjwa, umbala wazo udla ngokuba luhlaza, emva koko utshintshe ube bomvu, ubepinki, tyheli okanye umdaka ngebala njengoko zikhula kwaye zomile. Uphawu olusisiseko lwe-samaras kukuba, nangona ukubonakala kwabo kulula, kukho i-morphologies eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nokuma kwephiko.:

• I-samara elula: ngephiko elinye kunye nembewu, njengothuthu (Fraxinus) kunye ne-elm (Ulmus).
• Disamara: iisamara ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo ekugqibeleni, eziqhelekileyo kwiimephu ezininzi (i-Acer), ezijikeleza njenge-propellers xa ziwa.
• UTrisamara: iisamara ezintathu ezimanyeneyo, imeko enqabileyo njengaseHiptage benghalensis.

Le yantlukwano yenza kube lula kwi-samaras ukuba isebenzise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomoya kunye ne-microclimates., ngokufanelekileyo ukusasaza phakathi kweenooks kunye ne-crannies ye-landscape.

Izityalo kunye nemithi evelisa i-samaras

Iintsapho ezininzi zezityalo ziye zaphuhlisa le ndlela yokusasaza. I-Samaras ikhona kwimithi kunye nezihlahla ezixhaphake kakhulu kwiipaki, igadi kunye namahlathi kwiindawo ezipholileyo, nangona imizekelo inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.Ezinye zezona ntlobo zidumileyo kunye nabameli zezi:

• Imaphu (Acer): imithi evuthulukayo kunye nezihlahla ezinamagqabi esundu ezibonisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemibala ekwindla, ingakumbi edume ngeedisamaras ezijikelezayo xa ziwa.
• Umthi weZulu (Ailanthus altissima): uhlobo olukhula ngokukhawuleza, olunama-samaras anephiko elibanzi kakhulu, elivumela ukuba likhuphe ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezintsha.
• Imithi ye-Elm (Ulmus): imithi enesithsaba esibanzi kunye neenkuni ezinzima, kunye ne-samaras ejikelezileyo kunye namaphiko e-membranous aququzelela ukusabalalisa okukhulu.
• Imithi yothuthu (Fraxinus): imithi eyomeleleyo, ekhula ngokukhawuleza, exatyiswa njengemithi yomthunzi kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa. I-samaras yazo ibonakala ngamaqela kwaye idla ngokuba nephiko eliphakathi.
• Imaphu (Acer): Kwakhona ixhaphake kakhulu kwiipaki, kunye namagqabi esundu kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-samaras.
• Imaphu (Acer): eneempawu zayo zokusasazwa ngeesamara.
• Imaphu (Acer): Iintlobo zeMeditera ezivelisa ne-samaras.

Ngamnye kule mithi ineemeko ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso, kodwa zonke zabelana ngenzuzo yendalo ehambelana nokuveliswa kwesamaras. Kwizixeko ezithile nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubona izixa ezikhulu zeesamara zifuduswa ngumoya entwasahlobo nasekwindla., ngakumbi emva kwezaqhwithi okanye ukuvuthuza komoya.

Kutheni ezinye iisamara zibonakala zingenanto?

Usenokuba uqaphele i-samaras ukuba, xa ivuliwe, ayinayo nayiphi na imbewu ngaphakathi. Lo mcimbi uyinxalenye yesicwangciso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo esinceda ukusinda kweentlobo.Izityalo ezininzi, ngakumbi ii-elms kunye neemephu, ukuvelisa ngabom umlinganiselo weesamara ezingenantoKukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zoku:

1. Ukuphazanyiswa kumarhamncwaIintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezincinci zondla imbewu equlethwe kwi-samaras. Ngokuvelisa iisamara ezininzi ezingenambewu, umthi wenza kube nzima ukuba izilwanyana zifumane imbewu yokwenene, zinyanzele ukuba zitye izixhobo ezingakumbi kwaye zisasaze imbewu ngakumbi, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amathuba okuba ezinye zintshule kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.
2. Ukusasazwa ixesha elideI-samaras engenanto inobunzima obuncinci kwaye ithande ukuhlala emthini ixesha elide, ivumela ukusabalalisa ukuba kuthathe ixesha elide kwaye kwenzeke phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kuhluke amathuba okuphumelela kokuntshula.

Olu hlobo lomatshini wendalo luxatyiswa luluntu lwezenzululwazi njengomsebenzi wokwenene wobunjineli bebhayoloji, ukubonelela ngeentlobo ngemvelaphi ephawulekayo kunye nempumelelo ekuqhubeleni phambili umnombo wazo.

Umjikelo wobomi besamara: ukuvuthwa, ukuvuna, kunye nokugcinwa

Inkqubo iqala xa I-Samara yenziwa emva kokudluliselwa kwepoleni kunye nokuchumisa kwentyatyamboIvuthwa emthini ngexesha lentwasahlobo okanye ihlobo, kwaye ifikelela ekuvuthweni ekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekwindla, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nemozulu. Izindululo zokuqokelelwa:

• Qokelela ama-samara avuthiweyo ngokuthe ngqo emthini okanye esanda kuwa; ziphephe ezo zineempawu zokungunda, imingxuma, okanye ukonakala kwezinambuzane.
• I-samara evuthiweyo idla ngokutshintsha ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kwiithowuni ezimdaka (brown, yellow or reddish).
• Sukukhetha iisamara ukuba awuqinisekanga ngokuvuthwa kwazo., ekubeni imbewu engekavuthwa ayinakukhula okuphantsi.

Xa sele iqokelelwe, Ungawagcina kwindawo eyomileyo nengena umoya de kufike ixesha lokutyala.Ukuba kufuneka uzigcine ixesha elide, kungcono ukuba uzigcine kwi-opaque, kwi-container engenamoya, kunye nokufuma okuphantsi, kwindawo epholileyo yefriji (ukuphepha ukukhenkceza) ukuthintela ukuntshula kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuhlaselwa kwefungal.

Ukutyalwa njani iSamara ngokuchanekileyo: Isikhokelo esineenkcukacha

Ukutyala iisamara kulula kodwa kufuna ukulandela amanyathelo athile asisiseko ukwandisa ipesenti yokuntshula.Indlela yokukhetha ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwimozulu yendawo kunye neentlobo:

Ukuhlwayela ngokuthe ngqo entsimini okanye ehlathini

Kwiindawo ezinobusika obubandayo kunye neengqele zendalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuhlwayelwe ngokuthe ngqo.

1. Khetha indawo: Jonga umhlaba ongenazo izityalo zakutsha nje, uphephe ukukhuphisana nezinye izityalo kunye nokuqinisekisa umlinganiselo othile wokufuma.
2. Yenza imingxuma emincinci: Yenza umngxuma ongekho nzulu okanye umngxuma (ofana nobungqingqwa bembewu) emhlabeni.
3. Beka i-1 ukuya kwi-3 samaras emngxunyeni ngamnye, kunye nephiko lisaqhotyoshelwe, lilele phantsi..
4. Gubungela kancinane ngomhlaba oxekekileyo kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka, amanzi ukwenza lula ukufuma.
5. Khusela umngxumaUkuba kukho umngcipheko wezilwanyana, beka amatye, amasebe okanye uthathe ithuba lokukhuselwa kwamatyholo anameva ukuthintela ukugrumba imbewu.

Le ndlela yeyona ndlela yendalo kwaye ihlonipha imijikelezo yebhayoloji yezityalo, iququzelela ukuhluma ngexesha lentwasahlobo elandelayo.

Ukuhlwayela ezimbizeni okanye kwiitreyi zezithole

Le ndlela inconywa kuzo zombini imozulu efudumeleyo kunye nabo banendawo encinci abafuna ukulawula okungcono kwinkqubo. Amanyathelo okulandela:

1. Sika iphiko lesamara: Iphiko, xa lingcwatyiwe, linokutsala umngundo weparasitic njengoko libola. Yisuse ngononophelo, usebenzisa isikere esicocekileyo.
2. Lungiselela i-substrate efanelekileyo:
   • Ngeemaphu: Sebenzisa umhlaba oneasidi ukuqinisekisa ipH ephantsi.
   • Ngeelms kunye nemithi yothuthu: sebenzisa i-substrate yendalo yonke okanye i-mulch yezityalo.
3. Gcwalisa imbiza embindini kwaye ufumise i-substrate.
4. Beka imbewu e-1 okanye emibini engqengqe ngembiza nganye.
5. Fafaza umgubo wobhedu phezu komhlaba ukukhusela umngundo..
6. Gcwalisa ngesubstrate eyongezelelekileyo de igqume kancinci imbewu. kwaye amanzi kwakhona ngobunono.

Beka izimbiza kwindawo epholileyo, ekhuselweyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kude kube ukuhluma, okuqhelekileyo kwenzeka entwasahlobo.

I-stratification yesikhenkcisi: iyimfuneko kwimozulu epholileyo okanye eshushu

Xa kungekho yure zaneleyo zengqele yasebusika, kubalulekile linganisa ukubanda okuyimfuneko nge-stratification kwifriji. Isebenza ngokukodwa kwiimephu, uthuthu, i-elm kunye ne-birch.

1. Moisten vermiculite (izinto ezilula, ezinesiponji ezinomthamo omkhulu wokugcina amanzi) kwaye uyibeke kwisitya seplastiki esinesiciko.
2. Yongeza umgubo wobhedu ukukhusela umngundo.
3. Beka imbewu ngaphandle kwephiko, ilele kwaye ihlukaniswe kwivermiculite.
4. Zigqume nge-vermiculite encinci kwaye uvale isitya..
5. Beka efrijini, kungekhona kwisikhenkcisi, kwaye ugcine isikhongozeli kangangeenyanga ezi-2-3.Kwiimephu, iinyanga ezi-3 zingcono. Imithi ye-elms kunye ne-ash ingaba ilungile kwiiveki ezi-8.
6. Kanye ngeveki, vula isitya, sivumele ukuba siphume umoya, kwaye ujonge nokufuma.; yongeza amanzi ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ekupheleni kwexesha lokuhlelwa, Khupha ngononophelo imbewu kwaye uyityale kwiimbiza zodwaNgentwasahlobo baya kuhluma ngepesenti ephezulu yempumelelo.

Indlela ye-Nendo Dango okanye iibhola zodongwe

Obu buchwephesha, obuphuhliswe ngumlimi waseJapan uFukuoka, bugqwesileyo kwiindawo ezinkulu, umhlaba owonakeleyo, okanye ukutyalwa kokubuyisela indalo.

1. Xuba iindawo ezintathu zomgquba owomileyo kunye neenxalenye ezintlanu zodongwe olucolekileyo, uhluza ukususa amatye kunye nobutyobo bezityalo.
2. Yongeza amanzi kancinci kancinci de intlama ibambene kwaye ibumbe.
3. Yenza imiqulu kwaye usike ube ngamaqhekeza malunga ne-1 cm ubukhulu.
4. Beka i-1 okanye i-2 samaras embindini wesilayi ngasinye, vala kwaye wenze ibhola elithambileyo phakathi kwezandla zakho.
5. Vumela iibhola zodongwe zome kwiphephandaba emthunzini iintsuku eziliqela.
6. Ukusabalalisa imbewu kwindawo ekhethiweyo, kwimingxuma kunye neendawo ezinomthunzi ukukhuthaza ukuhluma emva kwemvula yokuqala.

Indlela ye-Nendo Dango ikhusela imbewu kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi de ilungele ukuntshula..

ULawulo oluPhezulu: IiNdlela ezongezelelweyo zokuphucula ukuhluma

Ezinye iimbewu zesamara zineqokobhe eliqinileyo okanye i-dormancy yangaphakathi eyenza ukuntshula kube nzima.Ukwandisa inkqubo, kukho unyango oluphambili olubini:

Ukucoca ubandayo

Kubandakanya ukubeka imbewu kwiimeko ezibandayo kunye nokufuma okulawulwayo, ukulinganisa ubusika bendalo. Oku kubalulekile kwiintlobo ezisuka kwiindawo ezipholileyo kwaye kwenziwa kwifriji, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla.

Ukucaciswa

Ukukrazula kuyafuneka kwiimbewu ezineedyasi eziqinileyo.. Inceda ukwaphula umqobo ongenakungeneka othintela amanzi ukuba angangeni:

• Unako ukuxubha imbewu ngefayile, i-sandpaper okanye ilitye, ukususa kuphela inxalenye encinci yokugqoka (ngaphandle kokulimaza i-embryo).
• Enye inketho kukucwina imbewu emanzini ashushu (angabilisi) imizuzu embalwa, kulandelwa ukuhlamba kwamanzi abandayo.
• Ezinye iimbewu zintshula ngcono emva kokuba zidlule kumjelo wokwetyisa wesilwanyana; ungalinganisa oku ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-soak-acidification.

Ezi ndlela zimbini ziphucula kakhulu izinga lempumelelo yeentlobo zokutyala ezifana neemephu, umlotha, ihornbeam, kunye nebirch.

Ukunyamekela ngexesha nasemva kokutyala

Emva kokuba iisamara zityalwe entsimini okanye ezimbizeni, Kubalulekile ukugcina ukufuma ngaphandle kokukhukula i-substrate.Gwema amanzi amaninzi, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungus kunye nokubola. Iqabaka emva kwexesha, ukuchanabeka ngokuthe ngqo kukukhanya kwelanga ngexesha lokuntshula, kunye neendawo ezomileyo ezigqithisileyo kufuneka ziphetshwe.

Xa izithole sele ziphuhlise amagqabi okwenene. Ziyakwazi ukutshintshwa ngononophelo kwindawo yazo yokugqibela okanye kwiimbiza ezinkulu.Ukuba utyale ezitreyini okanye kwibhedi yembewu, susa izithole ngononophelo olukhulu ukuthintela ukonakalisa inkqubo yeengcambu eziethe-ethe.

Unyaka wokuqala ubalulekile: khusela amahlumela emoyeni, ilanga eligqithileyo, kunye nokhuphiswano lokhula. Ukuba utyala ehlathini okanye kwiindawo zokubuyisela, ungasebenzisa izigqubuthelo zemesh okanye ufune ikhusi kumatye kunye nohlaza olunameva.

I-Samaras kunye neentlobo zendalo: ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokutshalwa kwamahlathi

Xa utyala i-samaras yokuphinda uhlaziywe okanye kumhlaba wakho, Hlala ukhetha iintlobo zendalo okanye ezo zilungele imozulu yendawo kunye nomhlaba.Oku kuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kwi-ikhosistim, ukuphila ixesha elide, kwaye kuthintela ukhuphiswano olungafanelekanga kunye neentlobo ezihlaselayo.

I-Samaras, ngokuvumela ukusasazeka kunye nokusekwa kwendalo, ilungele ukulungiswa kwemekobume, emacaleni eendlela, kwiindonga zemilambo, kunye neendawo ezonakeleyo. Ukutyala ngobuninzi kungenziwa ngesandla okanye kusetyenziswa iipeliti zodongwe, kwaye yenye yezona ndlela zizinzileyo zokubuyisela utyani lwendalo.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo

• Ukutyala iisamara ezingekavuthwa: Linciphisa kakhulu izinga lempumelelo. Qinisekisa ukuba umbala umdaka okanye umdaka, awuze ube luhlaza.
• Ukungcwaba imbewu nzulu kakhuluUmaleko obhityileyo womhlaba wanele. Ukuba zingcwatywe nzulu kakhulu, zinokubola okanye zingafiki kumphezulu.
• Musa ukusika iphiko phambi kokutyala embizeni.: Iphiko linokukhuthaza ukubonakala kwefungi.
• Ukulibala i-stratification kwiindawo ezifudumeleyoNgaphandle kwexesha elibandayo, imbewu eninzi ayinakuze iphule i-dormancy.
• Musa ukukhusela kwizilwanyana kunye nokhula kwiinyanga zokuqala: Inkqubo elula yamatye okanye abahlohli banokwenza wonke umehluko.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa malunga nokutyala iisamara

Liliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala iisamara?

Elona xesha lidla ngokuba yikwindla, xa imbewu ikhulile kwaye kukho ukufuma okulungileyo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo engenaqabaka, yifake kwifriji kwaye uhlwayele entwasahlobo.

Ngaba iisamara zinokutyalwa ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni?

Ewe, ukuba nje zivuthiwe kwaye zingabonakali zimpawu zomonakalo.Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ziqokelelwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuwa emthini ukuthintela ukuba zingatsha okanye ziphulukane nokusebenza.

Zithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuhluma?

Inokwahluka phakathi kweentlobo kunye neemeko, kodwa Uninzi luntshula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuba luphantsi kwexesha elibandayo elifanelekileyo.Eminye, efana nemithi yeemaphu kunye nothuthu, inokuthatha iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezi-2 emva kokutyala.

Ngaba ama-samara angagcinwa eminye iminyaka?

Ewe, nje ukuba zigcinwe zomile kwaye zibanda kakhulu. (ifriji, 4-8ºC). Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kujongwe ukusebenza phambi kokutyala kumaxesha onyaka alandelayo.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba umngundo uvela kwibhedi yembewu?

Fafaza umgubo wobhedu xa uhlwayela kwaye uphucule umoya kunye nokukhupha i-substrate. Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ususe nayiphi na imbewu echaphazelekayo..

I-Samaras imele enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo kwaye zihle kakhulu zendalo zokuzala kwihlabathi lezityalo. Ubutyebi bazo beentlobo zezityalo, ukutyala lula, kunye nempembelelo entle kwindalo esingqongileyo kwenza ukuba ukuveliswa kwazo kube yiprojekthi enika umdla kwabo bangafundanga kunye neengcaphephe, ukusuka kwiigadi zasedolophini ukuya kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zokubuyiselwa kwendalo. Ngokulandela izikhokelo kunye nobuchule obuchaziweyo, wonke umntu unokuba negalelo ekuhlaziyweni kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwe-ecosystem ngesenzo esilula kodwa esinamandla sokutyala iisamara.