Yintoni i-tubers?
Los izilimo eziyizigaxa Zimela enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokugcina amandla kwihlabathi lezityalo. Imalunga amalungu angaphantsi komhlaba, ajiyile, yenziwe ukusuka kwi isiqu okanye ingcambu zezityalo ezithile. Umsebenzi ophambili wee-tubers yi ukuqokelelana kwezondlo, ubukhulu becala istatshi, amanzi kunye neeminerali, eziqinisekisa ukuba esi sityalo amandla aneleyo ukuze siphile size sichume ngamaxesha anzima embalela nengqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu baye baxhaphaza ixabiso labo lezondlo kunye namandla ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, bebeka iibhubhu kwisiseko seenkcubeko ezininzi zokupheka kwihlabathi jikelele.
Iimpawu eziphambili zee-tubers
Iimpawu ezichaza iibhubhu zininzi kwaye ziyahlula kwezinye iindawo ezidliwayo zezityalo, njengeziqhamo okanye amagqabi:
- Ukuqokelelwa koovimba: Ziidiphozithi zestatshi, iswekile kunye namanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba a umthombo obalulekileyo wamandla ekutyeni komntu.
- Ukukhula ngaphantsi komhlaba: Zikhula ngaphantsi komphezulu womhlaba, nto leyo enika iadvanteji kwiimeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo kwaye izikhusele kumarhamncwa kunye notshintsho lwequbuliso lobushushu.
- Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-micronutrients: Ii-Tubers zibonelela nge-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron kunye neevithamini ezibalulekileyo ezifana no-C kunye nezinye iivithamini B.
- Ubukho befiber yokutya: Banegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yokugaya kunye nokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eglucose yegazi.
- Culinary versatility: Zinokutyiwa ziphekiwe, ziqhotswe, zosiwe, zifakwe ngomphunga, kwiipurees, isuphu, iisaladi kunye nezimuncumuncu.
- UkudlalaKwiintlobo ezininzi, iibhubhu ngokwazo zingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa isityalo, okwenza kube lula ukukhula nokwandisa.
Ukwahlula kunye neentlobo ze-tubers
Iibhubhu zinokuhlelwa ngokweembono ezahlukeneyo: zebhotani, agronomic, okanye zokupheka. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yesityalo sabo, ulwahlulo olusisiseko lu:
- Iziqu zemifuno: Zenziwa kukujiya kwesiqu esiphantsi komhlaba esilungisiweyo. Imizekelo ebalaseleyo yile amazambane (okanye utata) kunye ne taro.
- Iingcambu zeengcambu (iingcambu eziziingcambu): Zisuka kwingcambu engundoqo eye yandiswa ukuze iqokelele oovimba. Imizekelo yeClassic yile isanqante, i izambane eliswiti, la ibhungane kunye Yucca.
Ukuhlelwa kwakhona kunokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwimvelaphi yabo yemozulu:
- KwitropikiI-yam, i-cassava, i-taro.
- ngcathu: Iitapile, iparsnip, beet.
- Intaba okanye ukubanda: Goose, mashua, arracacha.
Iibhubhu eziphambili kunye neempawu zazo
Iitapile (Solanum tuberosum)
La amazambane Yeyona tuber isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi kwaye yenye yezona ntlobo zezolimo zilinywayo. Yi i-stem tube, inzalelwane yaseAndean kuMzantsi Merika. Kukho amawakawaka eentlobo ngeentlobo, ezinomahluko kumbala, ukumila, ukumila kolusu nenyama. Iimpawu zayo eziphawulekayo zezondlo ziquka ubukho be Iicarbohydrate ezinzima, Vitamin C, i-potassium, kunye nesixa esincinci samafutha. Yetyiswa lula, yaye ukuguquguquka kwayo kwenza ukuba kwenziwe izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iipuree, isityu, iitapile eziqhotsiweyo, iitapile ezigcadiweyo okanye iisaladi. Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho kwabanye iintlobo zee-tubers kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili, musa ukuthandabuza ukuyibuza.
Icassava okanye icassava (Manihot esculenta)
La Yucca o icassava Yiyo ingcambu ye-tuberous Ibalulekile ekutyeni kweendawo ezishushu zaseMelika, eAfrika naseAsia. Isityebi kwi-starch kwaye inika i-vitamin C. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba icassava ekrakra Iqulethe iikhompawundi ezinobuthi (cyanogenic glycosides) ekufuneka zipheliswe ngokupheka okufanelekileyo. Icassava isetyenziselwa ukwenza umgubo wetapioca kwaye isetyenziswa kwizitya ezininzi zesintu. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nezinye iintlobo, tyelela icandelo lethu iintlobo zee-tubers kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Ibhatata eswiti okanye ibhatata (Ipomoea batatas)
La izambane eliswiti, ikwabizwa ngokuba izambane eliswiti o amazambane amnandi, inengcambu eqiniweyo kunye nencasa emnandi kunye nemibala ephuma kwi-orange enzulu ukuya kwimfusa kunye nemhlophe, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Ityebile kwi beta carotenes (iprovitamin A), ivithamin C, kunye neswekile, iyenza ibe kukutya okunamandla kunye ne-antioxidant. I-pulp yayo ithambile kwaye isetyenziswa kuzo zombini izitya eziswiti nezinencasa, kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi purées, isityu, kunye nezimuncumuncu. Usenokuba nomdla wokufunda ukuba inkqubo yokubila isebenza njani. ukujikeleza kweminyaka emine ekulinyweni kwee-tubers.
IYam (Dioscorea spp.)
El yam Yituber yetropikhi ekhoyo ngakumbi eAfrika, kwiCaribbean naseAsia. Inokufikelela kubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kwaye ingumthombo we iikhabhohayidrethiifayibha, iivithamini B. Inencasa ethambileyo edityaniswa kakuhle nesuphu, isityu, kunye nokutya okuqhotsiweyo. Kwezinye iinkcubeko, iiyam zimela uphawu lokuchuma kwaye zifakwe kwimibhiyozo yemveli.
Taro (Colocasia esculenta)
El taro Yinzalelwane ye-tuber yase-Asiya nase-Oceania, ixatyiswa ngobukhrim bayo kunye nencasa emnandi kancinci. Ityebile kwifiber, potassium, kunye neevithamini, kwaye umbala wayo unokwahluka, ngamanye amaxesha ubonisa umbala omfusa. Kufuneka iphekwe phambi kokuba isetyenziswe ukuze inciphise iikhompawundi ezicaphukisayo. Yinto ephambili izitya ezifana poi IsiHawayi. Ukuba ufuna ukukhangela nzulu kwezinye.
IMashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum)
La mashua Yenye i-tuber yase-Andean eyaziwa kancinci ngaphandle kwendawo yemvelaphi yayo. Iyaphawuleka ngencasa yayo enesiqholo kunye nobuninzi be-antioxidants kunye ne-antimicrobial compounds. Isetyenziswa ekuphekeni nanjengeyeza lesintu kwezinye iimeko zomchamo.
IGoose (Oxalis tuberosa)
La washington Ligaqa elincinane leAndean elinencasa eneasidi kancinane enokutyiwa ikrwada okanye iphekwe. Ukuba sesichengeni selanga kunciphisa ubumuncu kwaye kwandisa ubuswiti. Ingumthombo wevithamin C kunye neecarbohydrates kwaye ixatyiswe kakhulu kwimimandla yeentaba yaseMzantsi Melika.
IMashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum)
La mashua Yenye i-tuber yase-Andean eyaziwa kancinci ngaphandle kwendawo yemvelaphi yayo. Iyaphawuleka ngencasa yayo enesiqholo kunye nobuninzi be-antioxidants kunye ne-antimicrobial compounds. Isetyenziswa ekuphekeni nanjengeyeza lesintu kwezinye iimeko zomchamo.
I-Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza)
La arracacha Iyathandwa kwi cuisine yaseMzantsi Melika, ngakumbi eColombia naseBrazil. Incasa yayo eswiti ikhumbuza iminqathe kunye neetapile, kwaye isetyenziswa kwisuphu, kwi-purées, nakwirosti. Ityebile ngesitatshi kwaye kulula ukwetyisa. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale tuber, jonga inqaku lethu iintlobo zee-tubers kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Ingwe (Cyperus esculentus)
La ingwe Yeyona tuber encinci, eyinzalelwane yaseMntla Afrika, eyaziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ekulungiseleleni horchata. Igqamile kumxholo wayo ophezulu wamafutha asempilweni, ifayibha kunye neeminerali. Inamandla kakhulu kwaye iye yalinywa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo eYiputa. Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, ndwendwela icandelo lethu iintlobo zee-tubers kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Ijinja (Zingiber officinale)
El i ginger Yi-tuber enevumba elimnandi kunye nencasa enesiqholo kunye namanqaku aswiti, eyimfuneko kwi-cuisine yase-Asia kwaye ixatyiswe nge-antioxidant yayo, i-anti-inflammatory, kunye neempawu zayo zokwetyisa. Inika iivithamini kunye neeminerali ezifana ne-calcium, kwaye isetyenziselwa kokubili ukutya kunye nokufakwa kweyeza. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neenzuzo zayo, jonga inqaku lethu iintlobo zee-tubers kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili.
Umnqathe (Daucus carota)
La isanqante Yingcambu edumileyo ehlabathini, enombala o-orenji omangalisayo ngenxa yobutyebi bayo kwi-carotenoids (provitamin A). Isebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ekhitshini, isetyenziswa kwisaladi, isityu, izimuncumuncu, kunye nejusi. Ikhuthaza impilo yamehlo kunye nokukhula. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga ezahlukeneyo iintlobo zemifuno kunye neempawu zayo, siyakumema ukuba uphonononge lo mthombo.
Iimpawu zesondlo kunye neenzuzo zempilo
Indima yesondlo yee-tubers ibalulekile kwiibhiliyoni zabantu. Babalasele umthombo weecarbohydrates ezintsonkothileyo ezibonelela amandla okukhupha kancinci, ilungele ukugcina i-satiety ixesha elide. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye nendlela yokulungiselela, babonelela:
- Ifiber enyibilikayo nenganyibilikiyo: Ukuphucula ukuhamba kwamathumbu kunye negalelo kwi-cholesterol kunye nokulawula i-glucose.
- Iivithamini zeqela B: Kubalulekile kwimetabolism yeselula kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla.
- Vitamin C: Kubalulekile kumajoni omzimba kunye nokufunxa intsimbi.
- Iiminerali ezifana ne-potassium, i-calcium, isinyithi kunye ne-magnesium: Bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-nervous, ye-muscular and bone.
- Antioxidants: Ngokukodwa kwiintlobo ezimfusa kunye ne-orange (i-anthocyanins, i-beta-carotenes), zikhusela ama-radicals mahhala kwaye zifake isandla ekugcinweni kweeseli.
- Ngamafutha aphantsi: Iibhubhu ezininzi aziqulathanga amafutha endalo, ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile ezifana namantongomane engwe.
Ukufaka ii-tubers ekutyeni kwakho kunceda ukuthintela ukunqongophala kwezondlo, kunika imvakalelo yokuhlutha, kwaye kukhuthaze ukuba sempilweni kokwetyisa. Azinayo i-gluten, ezenza zilungele abantu abanesifo se-celiac okanye uvakalelo lwegluten.
IiCuriosities kunye nemiba yenkcubeko yee-tubers
- Ehlabathini kukho ngaphezu kwama-300 eentlobo zemibhobho etyiwayo, nangona zingama-200 kuphela ezithathwa njengezona zibalulekileyo kwezolimo nokutya.
- Ukulinywa kweetapile kuguqule ukutya kwaseYurophu, kwavumela abantu abaninzi ukuba bondliwe kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wendlala.
- Ezinye iibhubhu, ezifana neeyam, zinokufikelela kwi-50 kg ubunzima.
- KwiiAndes, i-oca kunye ne-mashua zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokutya kwiindawo zasemaphandleni.
- I-NASA ngoku izama ukukhulisa iitapile kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, njengendawo okanye umhlaba onje ngoMars, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nesivuno esikhulu samandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-tubers zokupheka
La ukuguquguquka kwegastronomic Ukusebenziseka kwee-tubers kuyamangalisa. Zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zombini kwiiresiphi zesintu nakwi-haute cuisine yamazwe ngamazwe:
- Isityu kunye neesuphuIitapile, izaqathe, i-cassava kunye neebhatata, phakathi kwezinye, zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiitya ezishushu.
- Fritos okanye chipsIitapile, iitapile, icassava, kunye neeyam zinokunqunyulwa zibe zincinci kwaye ziqhotyiswe ngeoyile ukuze zilunywe.
- I-puree kunye ne-creams: I-smooth texture ye-potato, i-sweet potato okanye i-arracacha ikuvumela ukuba ulungiselele i-purees, i-creams kunye ne-porridges efanelekileyo kuyo yonke iminyaka.
- Ibhakiwe okanye yosiweIi-tubers zokupheka ezipheleleyo zongeza incasa yazo yendalo kwaye zigcina uninzi lwezondlo zazo.
- iisaladi ezibandayo:Emva kokubilisa nokupholisa, zinokuxutywa neminye imifuno kunye nokunxitywa kweesaladi ezinamandla.
- Iidayisi kunye neelekeseIbhatata kunye necassava zisisiseko seekeyiki zengingqi, iipastries kunye neelekese eMelika naseAsia.
- Kusela: I horchata Ubisi lwe-Tiger nut sisiselo esiqhelekileyo, kwaye ezinye ii-tubers zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iziselo ezibilisiweyo kunye neebhiya zobugcisa.
Indlela yokugcina nokugcina ii-tubers
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-tubers kubalulekile ukugcina ukutsha, incasa kunye neempawu zesondlo:
- Kuphephe ukuchanabeka ekukhanyeniUkukhanya kunokubangela ukuhluma kunye nokuwohloka kwangaphambi kwexesha, ngakumbi kwiitapile.
- Iindawo ezipholileyo nezomileyo: Iibhubhu zigcinwa kakuhle kwiindawo ezinomoya opholileyo kunye nobushushu obupholileyo kunye nokufuma okuphantsi.
- Ukugcinwa kwiibhasikithi ze-wicker okanye iibhokisi: Ukukhuthaza ukujikeleza komoya kunye nokunciphisa ukubola.
- Ukupholisa okukhethiweyoIminqathe, iibhiti kunye neetheniphu zihlala zintsha ixesha elide efrijini, ngoxa iitapile neebhatata kufuneka zigcinwe kubushushu begumbi.
Kuphephe ukugcina ecaleni kweziqhamo ezifana nama-apile, ezinokukhawulezisa ukuwohloka ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwe-ethylene.
Iibhubhu ezingaziwayo kunye nezingaqhelekanga: fumana ixabiso labo elifihliweyo
Ngaphandle kwee-tubers ezidumileyo, kukho indalo yonke yeentlobo ezingaziwayo ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwisondlo kunye ne-gastronomically:
- Skirret (Sium sisarum): Iswiti kwincasa, inzalelwane yaseAsia, isetyenziswa kwisityu kunye neesaladi.
- Ingcambu ye-celery okanye i-celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum): Ngokwakheka okukhrimu kunye nencasa efihlakeleyo, isetyenziswa kwiisuphu kunye neesaladi.
- IParsnip (Pastinaca sativa): Ifana nekherothi, enencasa emnandi, ilungele iirosti kunye neekhrimu.
- Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum): Ukusuka kwintsapho yaseBrassicaceae, ixabiswa ngencasa yayo ye-spicy kwi-cuisine yaseJapan.
- UDaikon (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus): Iradish emhlophe yaseJapan, idumile kwiipikha kunye neesaladi.
- Ginseng (Panax ginseng): Iphawulwe ngeempawu zayo zonyango.
Ummandla ngamnye wehlabathi uneentlobo ezizodwa ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo, okunegalelo kukhuseleko lokutya kunye nobutyebi behlabathi bokutya.
Iimfuno zembali nezenkcubeko
- Ezinye iinkcubeko zibhiyozela imithendeleko ngokuhlonipha iibhubhu (umzekelo, uSuku lweSizwe lwePotato ePeru).
- Ngexesha leemeko zokunqongophala okanye ungquzulwano, ii-tubers ziye zaba ngundoqo njengemithombo yokutya. kuphila ngenxa yesivuno sayo esikhulu kunye nokulinywa lula.
- Iindidi ze-tubers zikhona a iyantlukwano yemibala leyo, ngaphezu kokuba nomtsalane ngokubonakalayo, zinika iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo antioxidant.
Iindidi kunye nokutyeba kwee-tubers kubonisa ukubaluleka kwazo ekutyeni komntu kunye noqhagamshelwano lwazo olunzulu kwizithethe zenkcubeko kwihlabathi jikelele. Nokuba kukutya okusisiseko, i-gourmet ingredient, okanye enye imithombo yesondlo, ii-tubers ziyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye neenzuzo zazo, zisimema ukuba siwavavanye ngokutsha incasa, ukuthungwa, kunye nemibala ekuphekeni kwemihla ngemihla.
