Isikhokelo esipheleleyo semithi yeemaple yegadi kunye namathafa: iintlobo, iicultivars kunye nokhathalelo

Iimaphu, ezikwi-genus Acer Ngaphezulu kwekhulu leentlobo zezityalo ezaziwayo, zenza owona mthi uxatyisiweyo ngabo bobabini abaziingcaphephe kunye nabathandi bokulima. Ubume obumangalisayo bamagqabi abo, ubume bamasebe abo, kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iindidi zechromatic zamagqabi abo ngexesha lokuwa, zenza iimephu zibe ngabalinganiswa abangenakuphikiswa begadi kunye neepaki emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwahluka kweemilo, ubukhulu, kunye nemibala kuthetha ukuba kukho imaple yazo zonke imfuno zokwakheka komhlaba: ukusuka kwiintlobo ezinkulu ezilungele ukudala indawo ezinomthunzi ukuya kwiintlobo ezixineneyo ezilungele iitesi okanye iigadi ezincinci zasedolophini.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-Acer genus: i-biodiversity, amaqabunga, iingcambu kunye nomjikelezo wobomi

El Uhlobo lweAcer Iquka uluhlu olubanzi lwemithi kwaye, ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci, izihlahla okanye imithi emincinci. Ikakhulu ikhula, nangona kukho iintlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza eziqhelaniswe nemozulu yeMeditera, iimaphu ziphawuleka ikakhulu ngamagqabi azo esundu, aqhele ukuba neminwe emihlanu, nangona imilo, ubungakanani, kunye nomda zinokwahluka kakhulu phakathi kweentlobo kunye nemihlanganiselwa.

Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuziqhelanisaIimaphu zivela ikakhulu e-Asiya, ngakumbi impuma ye-Asia, kodwa iintlobo zendalo zifumaneka eMntla Melika, eYurophu, eMntla Afrika naseMzantsi Asia. Le yantlukwano yemvelaphi ibanika amandla amangalisayo okuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zomhlaba, ukusuka kumahlathi asezintabeni ezifumileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezomileyo, ezitshisa ilanga.

Umjikelo wobomi kunye ne-marcescenceUninzi lweemaphu ziyancipha, oku kuthetha ukuba umjikelo wazo wendalo ubandakanya ukuwa kwamagqabi ekwindla emva kokutshintsha kombala. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezithile zibonisa marcescence, imeko ephakathi apho amagqabi omileyo ahlala emthini ngexesha lasebusika, kuphela xa amagqabi amatsha ehluma entwasahlobo. Le nto, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngomdla wonyaka, ikhusela amahlumela kumaqondo aphantsi.

inkqubo yeengcambuIimaphu ngokubanzi zineengcambu ezomeleleyo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiindidi, zinokuba nzulu okanye zinzulu. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana Acer saccharin kunye Iarcer yerum, zineengcambu ezinobundlobongela kunye neziphezulu, ezimele zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuphepha iingxaki kufuphi nezakhiwo, imibhobho okanye i-pavements.

Ulawulo kunye nokuthenwaNangona iintlobo ezininzi zifikelela kubude obuninzi kunye neecanopies ezinamagqabi, iimaphu zinokuthenwa kwaye zitshintshwe kusetyenziswa iindlela zoqeqesho, zivumela ukuba zikhule kwiindawo ezincinci okanye zisetyenziswe njengeheji ukuba iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zikhethiwe.

Iimephu: umboniso wemibala kunye neemilo kwigadi nganye

Iindidi zeemephu ezinokuthi zikhuliswe kwiigadi kunye namathafa zinkulu kakhulu, kodwa ngezantsi uya kufumana ukhetho lwezona ntlobo zicetyiswayo kunye nemihlanganisela, zombini ngexabiso labo lokuhombisa kunye nokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka. Lo mthombo ubandakanya zombini iintlobo zendalo (ezikwaziyo ukumelana nembalela nobushushu) kunye nezo zingaqhelekanga, ukusuka kwiimephu ezinkulu ukuya kwiindidi ezincinci ezilungele iindawo ezincinci okanye ukulinywa kweembiza.

I-Acer buergerianum okanye i-maple ephindwe kathathu

Imaple enxantathu ngumthi ovuthulukayo onokufikelela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-12 leemitha ubude kwaye uqhele ukubonwa kwiigadi zaseJapan, eTshayina, naseTaiwan. I-canopy yayo iphakathi ngobukhulu, malunga neemitha ezi-3 ububanzi, iyenza ilungele ubungakanani obuphakathi ukuya kwiigadi ezinkulu.

• Amagqabi: I-Trilobed, bafumana ithoni ebomvu ebomvu ekwindla emva kwexesha lokukhanya okuluhlaza.
• Ukuchasa: Inyamezela amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga ku −20 °C, nto leyo eyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwimozulu ebandayo yelizwekazi.
• Ukusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo: Ilungele ukuqeqeshwa kwebhonsai ngokubonga amandla ayo amasebe kunye nokunyamezela ukuthena. Efanelekileyo njengomzekelo omnye okanye njengomthi wokuhlobisa kwiindawo ezinkulu kunye neepatios.

Indawo yeAcer okanye imephu yentsimi, imephu eqhelekileyo

Lo mthi umhle, uvela kwimimandla emininzi yaseYurophu nakwimimandla esentshona ye-Asiya, uqhelana ngokugqibeleleyo nemozulu epholileyo kwaye uyayinyamezela kakuhle indawo ebandayo neyomileyo.

• Ukuphakama: Inokukhula ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha.
• Indebe kunye namagqabiInesithsaba esingqukuva, esishinyene kakhulu, kwaye sibambene, sinamagqabi agqagqeneyo aluhlaza aluhlaza kumphezulu kunye ne-tomentose kancinane kumzantsi. Ngexesha lekwindla, bajika bajike begolide, benze umbono obonakalayo.
• InzuzoIyakwazi ukunyamezela imihlaba ene calcareous kwaye kulula ukuyikhulisa. Ilungele zombini njengomthi omnye kunye nothango oluthenwayo, njengoko isabela kakuhle ekuchebeni.
• Ukuchasa: Imelana neqabaka ukuhla ukuya ku -20 °C.

I-Acer x freemanii kunye 'neAutumn Blaze'

Hybrid phakathi kwe Iarcer yerum kunye Acer saccharin, i-maple ye-Freeman iye yathandwa njengomthi wokuhombisa ngenxa yophuhliso olulungeleleneyo, ukuxhathisa kunye nemibala yayo yasekwindla emangalisayo.

• Ukuphakama: Iimitha ezili-10 kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
• Amagqabi: Uhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ujika ube bomvu ekwindla. Umhlanganisela we'Autumn Blaze' ubalasele ngombala wawo obomvu obukhali kakhulu kunye nexesha elide phambi kokuwa.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−20 °C.
• Ukuguquguquka: Uyayinyamezela imihlaba efumileyo kunye nongcoliseko lwasezidolophini.

I-Acer tataricum NONE iginnala (Imaple ye-Amur, imephu yaseRashiya)

Yaziwa njengemaple yothando, olu hlobo luvela kumntla-mpuma weAsia kwaye luxatyiswe ngakumbi kumhlaba wobungakanani bayo obuphakathi kunye nombala omangalisayo wasekwindla.

• Ukuphakama: 5 ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha.
• Copa: 2-3 yeemitha, ngokubanzi icwecwe.
• Amagqabi: I-Deciduous, i-palmately lobed, eluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ibomvu kakhulu ekwindla.
• Inzuzo: : Iqinile phantsi ukuya ku-−20 °C. Ifanelekile kwiigadi ezincinci, njengomzekelo omnye okanye weqela.

Acer griseum (imephu yephepha, imaple yaseTshayina engwevu)

Enye yeemephu ezibalaseleyo, i-sinamoni yayo yokukhupha okanye i-bark ebomvu ihlobisa umthi unyaka wonke kwaye ibonelela ngexabiso elikhulu lokuhlobisa kwiigadi zasebusika.

• Ukuphakama: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18 yeemitha.
• Amagqabi: Yenziwe ngamaphecana amathathu, aluhlaza bumnyama ngaphezulu kunye neglaucous blue-green ngaphantsi. Utshintsho lwekwindla luvelisa i-hues ebomvu kunye ne-orange.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−20 °C.
• Inzuzo: Ithakazelelwa kakhulu kuyilo lwegadi yangoku kunye neengqokelela zezityalo.

Acer japonicum (imaple yenyanga epheleleyo, imaple eqaqambileyo yaseJapan)

Le maple ixatyiswe kakhulu kwiigadi zaseJapan kunye noyilo lwembonakalo-mhlaba ephefumlelweyo yasempuma.

• Ukuphakama: Ukususela kwi-5 ukuya kwi-15 yeemitha.
• Copa: Ububanzi (iimitha ezi-3-4), ngokubanzi compact.
• Amagqabi: I-Palmate, ingqukuva, kunye ne-lobes ecacileyo. Uhlaza entwasahlobo-ehlobo kunye nobomvu ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: Inyamezela ukuya kuthi ga ku-−20 °C.

I-Acer monspessulanum (Montpellier maple, maple mundillo, enguelgue)

Enye yeemephu ezilungele kakuhle iimeko ezomileyo, ezinemvelaphi ecacileyo yeMeditera. Ilungele iigadi ezisemazantsi Yurophu ezithwaxwa lihlobo elishushu kunye nomhlaba onomkhaba.

• Ukuphakama: Ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 yeemitha kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci.
• Copa: Ingqukuva, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-3-4 ububanzi.
• Amagqabi: I-Trilobed, i-green green, i-leathery kunye ne-shiny, ijika ibe bomvu ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: Inyamezela amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga ku-−18 °C kwaye iyamelana nembalela.
• Inzuzo: Ukunyamezela ubushushu kunye neemfuno zamanzi aphantsi kwenza ukuba ibe luncedo ngakumbi kwiigadi ezizinzileyo.

i-acer opalus (i-orón maple, i-asar, imephu yaseItali)

Uhlobo lwendalo oludumileyo kumazantsi nakwintshona yeYurophu. Ubungakanani bayo obubambeneyo kunye nokuqina kwayo kuyenza ilungele iigadi ezinobungakanani obuphakathi.

• Ukuphakama: Ukuya kwi-20 yeemitha, nangona ngamanye amaxesha iziphatha njengomthi omncinci okanye ihlathi elikhulu.
• Amagqabi: Luhlaza ixesha elininzi lonyaka, lujike lubebomvu, lutyheli okanye oluorenji ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−18 °C.
• Inzuzo: Ikhetha imihlaba ene calcareous kunye nemozulu efumileyo noko ehlotyeni, nangona iqinile kwaye inyamezela iimeko ezahlukeneyo ukuba nje umhlaba ungomi ngokugqithisileyo.

I-Acer opalus subsp. garnet (Imaple yaseGrenadine)

Ihlala kwimimandla yeentaba esemazantsi e-Iberian Peninsula, iMallorca, kunye noMntla Afrika, le maple encinci ayifane ikhule ibe mde kune-7 yeemitha. Ixabiswa ngenxa yokuqhelana nengingqi kunye namagqabi ayo atyheli okanye aorenji asekwindla.

• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−15 °C.

acer negundo (maple negundo)

Inzalelwane yaseMntla Melika kwaye yenziwe ngokwendalo kwimimandla emininzi, le maple yenye yezona zinto ziguquguqukayo kwiipaki kunye negadi.

• Ukuphakama: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 yeemitha.
• Copa: Ibanzi kwaye ingqukuva.
• Amagqabi: Luhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, lutyheli ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−20 °C.
• Inzuzo: Unyamezela umhlaba ombi, imbalela kunye nokungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo kwedolophu.

Acer palmatum kunye neentlobo zazo kunye nemihlanganisela

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, imaple yaseJapan (Acer palmatum) yenye yeyona mithi ibukekayo nexabisekileyo kwigadi yokuhombisa ngenxa yokubanakho kwechromatic, inkangeleko entle, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo kunye nemibala ekhoyo phakathi kwekhulu lemihlanganisela. Ngumthi omncinci ovuthulukayo okanye isihlahla esihlala eJapan naseKorea, ngokukhula okuphakathi, kunqabile ukuba ube ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-16, nangona kukho iindidi ezingafikeleli kwimitha ukuphakama.

• Amagqabi: I-Palmates, ihombisa kakhulu, itshintsha umbala ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nexesha (ophuzi, obomvu, omfusa, o-orenji, oluhlaza onzulu).
• InzuzoKukho imihlanganisela emincinci kunye nekhula kancinci elungele iterraces, ipatios, kunye nezitiya ezincinci. Inyamezela iqabaka ukuya kutsho ku-−20°C, nangona ithanda ukukhuseleka ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
• Sebenzisa: Njengomzekelo ozimeleyo, kwii-flowerbeds, ezikhuliswe embizeni okanye njengebhonsai.

I-Acer palmatum var atropurpureum

Ibalasele kumagqabi ayo abomvu bubomvu entlakohlaza, ijike ibe luhlaza ehlotyeni kwaye iphinde ibe mfusa-bomvu ngokunzulu ekwindla. Ifanelekile njengomthi wokuhombisa okhula ube malunga neemitha ezisi-7 ubude, ngakumbi kwiigadi zaseJapan eziphefumlelweyo okanye iindawo apho impembelelo yembonakalo yexesha lonyaka ifunwayo.

I-Acer palmatum 'Igazi legazi'

I-cultivar ethandwa kakhulu kubomvu obumnyama kakhulu, amaqabunga aphantse abe burgundy, aqhubeka ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula njengesihlahla esiziimitha ezi-3. Yinguqulelo ephuculweyo ye-'Atropurpureum'.

I-Acer palmatum 'Deshojo'

Ngamagqabi aluhlaza nabomvu entwasahlobo, ijika ibomvu ebomvu ukusuka ehlotyeni ukuya ekwindla. Ubungakanani bayo obuphakathi (iimitha ezi-3) buyenza ilungele iindawo ezincinci.

Acer palmatum 'Osakazuki'

Umthi omncinci, ovuthulukileyo ongafane ukhule ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-5. Amagqabi ayo esundu, aluhlaza entlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, ajika abebomvurha ekwindla. Ixabiseke kakhulu kwi-landscaping yaseJapan.

Eminye imihlanganisela exatyiswe kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo yaseJapan neyaseNtshona ibandakanya:

• 'Sango Kaku': Isiqu esibomvu, amagqabi aluhlaza okhanyayo ajika abe tyheli-igolide ekwindla.
• 'Seiryu': Amagqabi acazululwe kakuhle kakhulu, aluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, iorenji ekwindla.
• 'Shigitatsu Sawa', 'Ornatum', 'Kamagata', 'Red Dragon', 'Red Pygmy', 'Beni Otaque', 'Wilson's Pink Dwarf', 'Filigree'...

Uninzi lwale mihlanganiselwa ludityaniswe ngokwamaqela amathathu amakhulu:

• Acer palmatum dissectum: Amagqabi amahle kakhulu, anqanyulwe kakhulu, anesiphumo sentambo. Imizekelo: 'Inamba eBomvu', 'Ileyisi yeFiligree eBomvu'.
• Linearilobum: Amagqabi aneelobe ezibhityileyo, ezinde, ezinjengomtya. Umzekelo: 'I-Red Pygmy'.
• IPalmatum: Ifomu yoqobo yepalmate, imizekelo yakudala 'Osakazuki' okanye 'Atropurpureum'.

Ii-Acer platanoides (Imaple yasebukhosini, imephu yePlatanoid, imephu yaseNorway)

Enye yezona zinkulu ze-Acer genus, ezizalelwa eYurophu naseAsia Minor, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengomthi womthunzi kwiipaki, imiqolo kunye negadi ezinkulu.

• Ukuphakama: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35 yeemitha.
• Copa: Ububanzi kakhulu, bufikelela ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-4 ububanzi.
• Amagqabi: I-Palmate, i-toothed margin, eluhlaza phantse unyaka wonke kunye nenguqu ukuya kumthubi / i-orenji ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: −20 °C.
• Inzuzo: Iyalunyamezela ungcoliseko, ukuthenwa kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, kuquka nemihlaba enecalcareous kancinane.

I-Acer platanoides 'Crimson King'

Iindidi ezidumileyo ngamagqabi amnyama abomvu-mfusa, ajika abe mdaka ekwindla. Isetyenziswe njengomthi wokuchasa umhlobiso kwiindlela kunye neepaki zasezidolophini.

I-Acer pseudoplatanus (imephu emhlophe, imephu yesikamore, imephu yesicamore)

Inkulu kwaye iqinile, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiipaki kunye neendlela. Inzalelwane kumbindi nakumazantsi Yurophu.

• Ukuphakama: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 yeemitha.
• Copa: Ububanzi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4-5 yeemitha.
• Amagqabi: Isundu, inkulu, iluhlaza eqaqambileyo, itshintsha ibe tyheli/orenji ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−18 °C.
• Ukuqwalasela: I-rustic kakhulu, inyamezela umhlaba ombi kunye nokutyhileka okwahlukileyo.

Iarcer yerum (imephu ebomvu, imephu yaseCanada, okanye imephu yaseVirginia)

Inzalelwane kwimpuma yoMntla Melika, yenye yeyona mithi idumileyo ngokukhula kwayo ngokukhawuleza, ukunyamezelana, kunye nokuqina kwamagqabi ayo abomvu krwe ekwindla.

• Ukuphakama: 20 ukuya kwi-40 yeemitha.
• Copa: Iphiramidi kwaye ixinene.
• Amagqabi: I-lobes ezintathu, eziluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, zibomvu ekwindla.
• Inzuzo: Unyamezela umhlaba ofumileyo kunye nelanga okanye umthunzi othile; iingcambu zayo zinokuba yingozi.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−18 °C.

i-acer saccharum (imaple yeswekile)

Idume ngokuba luhlobo ekutsalwa kulo isiraphu yemaple, inzalelwane yasempuma kuMntla Melika kwaye iphawuleka ngeethowuni zayo zekwindla kunye neenkuni ezisemgangathweni.

• Ukuphakama: Phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-15 (ukuya kwi-40) yeemitha.
• Copa: Kunabantu abaninzi, isiphumo esikhulu sesithunzi.
• Amagqabi: I-Palmatilobadas, eluhlaza kakhulu unyaka, ijika ibe tyheli, i-orenji okanye ibomvu ekwindla.
• Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga ku-−30 °C.
• Ukuqwalasela: Ifuna ukufuma kunye nemihlaba egalelwe kakuhle, kodwa hayi amanzi.

Acer saccharin (Imaple emhlophe yaseMelika, imephu yesilivere, imephu yeswekile, imephu yeswekile)

Isityalo esikhula ngokukhawuleza kwimpuma ye-United States naseKhanada, exabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yamagqabi ayo aluhlaza-siliva kunye nenkangeleko emangalisayo.

• Ukuphakama: 30 ukuya kwi-40 yeemitha.
• Amagqabi: I-Palmate ene-lobes ezintlanu, umphezulu oluhlaza okhanyayo kunye nesilivere engaphantsi. Ekwindla, bahlala benemibala ebomvu kunye negolide.
• IlifaUbundlongondlongo kwaye bunzulu; kungcono ukutyala kude nezakhiwo kunye nemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba.
• Ukuchasa: −25 °C.

Zeziphi kwezi ntlobo zeemaphu ozithandayo?