Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kwiintlobo zeBonsai: Ukwahlula, Izitayile, iintlobo, kunye neNkathalo ePhambili

Intshayelelo kwiLizwe leBonsai: UbuGcisa baMandulo

Ukukhula kwebhonsai Kuyinkqubo ebandakanya ukuphinda kuhlaziywe ubungangamsha kunye nobuhle bemithi emincinci, ukubamba undoqo wendalo kwiimbiza ezincinci. Olu qeqesho lobugcisa, ngaphaya kwendlela elula yokuzonwabisa, i ifilosofi edibanisa umonde, ubuchule kunye novakalelo lobuhleI-Bonsai ineengcambu zayo kwinkcubeko yase-Asiya, eyaziwa ngokukodwa e-China naseJapan, apho iye yavela khona ukuze ibe luphawu lwemvisiswano, ukulinganisela kunye nokucamngca.

Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, uya kufumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhonsai, indlela ezihlelwa ngayo ngokobukhulu, isimbo, kunye neentlobo, kunye neengcebiso ezikhulayo, iifoto ezikhethekileyo, izindululo zeemeko ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokujongwa nzulu kwiintlobo zebhonsai zamandulo kunye nezanamhlanje. Yonke into okufuneka uyazi ukukhetha, ukukhathalela, kwaye uchonge ibhonsai yakho ilapha, kungakhathaliseki inqanaba lakho lamava okanye injongo: ukucinga, ukuhombisa, okanye umqokeleli.

Yintoni iBonsai? Ifilosofi kunye nentsingiselo

Igama bonsai Ivela kwisiJapan kwaye ngokoqobo ithetha "umthi otyalwe kwi-tray." Noko ke, idlulela ngaphaya kokukhulisa umthi omncinane. UBonsai uyafuna mele indalo ngobuncinci, ebonisa ukukhula, ukwaluphala, kunye namandla endalo ngokuthena, ukubumba, kunye neendlela zokunciphisa ubukhulu. Olu qeqesho lumema ukucamngca kunye nentlonipho kwimijikelo yobomi, ibe yimbonakaliso yobugcisa neyomoya.

Ukuhlelwa kweBonsai: Ubungakanani, iintlobo, indawo kunye neSimbo

Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuhlukahluka kwebhonsai, kubalulekile ukwazi iindlela zayo eziphambili zokuhlelaOku kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe olona khetho lufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwindawo ekhoyo, imozulu, inqanaba lamava, kunye nesiphumo esibonakalayo esifunwayo.

1. Ukuhlelwa ngokobukhulu

Imithi yeBonsai yohlulwe ngokweendidi ezininzi ngokusekelwe kubude bayo. Olu lwahlulo lumisela zombini uhlobo lwembiza esetyenzisiweyo kunye nenqanaba leenkcukacha kunye nobunzima bokubumba:

1. Keshitsubo (ngaphantsi kwe-3 cm): Ezona zincinci, zifuna ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo kwaye zidla ngokukhuliswa kwiindawo ezincinci.
2. shito (ngaphantsi kwe-5 cm): Eyaziwa ngokuba "yiminwe yeminwe", ivumela ukuqamba okuncinci kunye nobuthathaka.
3. umama (ngaphantsi kwe-15 cm): Idume ngokulula kwayo kunye nokuphatha ngokulula, ilungele abaqalayo kunye nabaqokeleli abaxabisa i-miniaturization.
4. shōhin (ngaphantsi kwe-21 cm): Enye yeesayizi eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokulinganisela phakathi kweenkcukacha kunye nokulawula.
5. Komono okanye Kifu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 cm): Zikuvumela ukuba wenze iimilo ezicokisekileyo ngaphandle kokuba mkhulu kakhulu.
6. Chumono okanye Chiu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80 cm): Ilungele ukuqamba kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba.
7. Dai okanye Omono (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130 cm): Banyanzelisa ubukho kwaye bafuna indawo engaphezulu kunye nokhathalelo.
8. Hachi-uye (ukuya kwi-150 cm): Inikezelwe kwimiboniso kunye neegadi ezinkulu.
9. Imperial (ngaphezu kwe-151 cm): Eyona inkulu, igcinelwe amabhotwe, iigadi zoluntu okanye imiboniso emikhulu.

2. Ukuhlelwa ngokweentlobo

Uhlobo lunquma kokubili ukubonakala kunye nokunyamekela kwebhonsai. Kukho amakhulu eentlobo ezisetyenziswa kubugcisa be-bonsai, nangona ngokwesiko zinokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amane aphambili:

• Intyatyambo kunye neziqhamo bonsaisIintlobo ezithi, ukongeza kumagqabi azo amnandi, zibonelela ngeentyatyambo ezincinci okanye iziqhamo. Imizekelo iquka iapile, irharnati, iazalea, icherry, iplam, nepyracantha.
• IConifersImithi enamagqabi afana nenaliti okanye isikali, ilungele izitayela ezisesikweni kunye ne-cascading. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Scots pine, juniper, fir, yew, kunye ne-bald cypress.
• Amagqabi: Balahlekelwa onke amaqabunga abo ngexesha lekwindla okanye elomileyo, okusivumela ukuba siqonde utshintsho lwexesha kunye nesakhiwo somthi ebusika. Imizekelo: imephu yaseJapan, i-elm yaseTshayina, i-hornbeam, i-zelkova.
• IiPerennialsZigcina amagqabi azo aluhlaza unyaka wonke, ziwenza alungele abo bafuna ukubanjwa rhoqo kwendalo. Imizekelo: ficus, ligustrum, olive, podocarpus, ginkgo biloba.

Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo zetropikhi kunye ne-subtropical ezilungele ngaphakathi, ezifana ne-carmona, i-ficus ginseng, kunye ne-serissa phoetida, kunye neentlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-wisteria, i-jabuticaba, kunye ne-weeping willow.

3. Ukuhlelwa ngokweNdawo kunye neMozulu

Iimfuno zokusingqongileyo ziyahluka ngokweentlobo. Kubalulekile ukwahlula ibhonsas. ngaphakathi y ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa impilo yakho:

• Iibhonsa zangaphakathi: Ngokuqhelekileyo i-tropical okanye i-subtropical (i-ficus, i-carmona, i-elm yaseTshayina, i-serissa) kwaye ifuna ukukhanya kwendalo engangqalanga, ukufuma okulawulwayo kunye nokukhuselwa ekutshintsheni ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa.
• Iibhonsa zangaphandle: Ziquka iiconifers, imithi evuthulukayo kunye nehlala eluhlaza kwimozulu epholileyo (ipayina, ijuniper, iimaphu, iminquma) kwaye idinga ilanga elithe ngqo, ukungena komoya kunye nokuphila kutshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka ukuze ichume.

Ezinye iintlobo ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kuzo zombini iindawo ngokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ukwazi imvelaphi yazo kunye neemfuno zingundoqo ekukhuseleni izifo kunye noxinzelelo kwi-bonsai yakho.

4. Ukuhlelwa ngokweSimbo okanye ngeFomu

El isitayela sebhonsai Imisela i-silhouette kunye nesimboli, kwaye sisiphumo seminyaka yesithethe kunye nokulinga ubugcisa. Zingaphezulu kwe-15 izitayile ezaziwayo zakudala, nganye ineendlela zayo zokulinganisa, intsingiselo kunye nobunzima. Izimbo eziphambili zezi:

• chokkan (ithe nkqo ngokusesikweni): Isiqu esithe nkqo ngokupheleleyo, isimboli samandla kunye nokuzinza.
• UMoyogi (uthe nkqo ongekho sikweni): Isiqu esigobileyo, simele indalo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomthi.
• UShakan (eyameyo): Isiqu sediagonal, silinganisa imithi echatshazelwa ngumoya okanye ubunzima bekhephu.
• IKengai (i-cascade): Isiqu esihla ngaphantsi kwembiza, silungele ukubonisa idrama kunye nokuxhathisa.
• Han-kengai (i-semi-cascade): Isiqu sihla siye ekupheleni kwembiza, sikhupha imithi emaweni.
• IHokidachi (umtshayelo): Isiqu esithe tye esinamasebe avula ngokulingeneyo enze ifeni.
• Bunjin (literati): I-trunk ende, ebhityileyo kunye nejijekileyo, ifuna ukubonisa ubuhle kunye nobuncinci.
• ISokan (isiqu esiphindwe kabini): Iziqu ezibini ziphuma kwingcambu enye, ezifuzisela imvisiswano yentsapho.
• Sankan (isiqu esithathu): Iziqu ezithathu ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ezimele izizukulwana zosapho olunye.
• IKabudachi (iziqu ezininzi): Iziqu ezininzi kwisiseko esinye, ukwenza i-grove okanye i-bush effect.
• ikadabuki (isihlenga): Isiqu esiwileyo esihluma ngokuthe nkqo kwiindawo ezininzi, ngokungathi sidada emlanjeni.
• Isitsuki (elulwalweni): Umthi ongcambu zawo zincamatheleyo okanye ezidlula elityeni, udlulisa umzabalazo wobomi.
• Sharimiki (umthi ofileyo): Inxalenye yesiqu okanye amasebe ahlala omile kwaye angenamaxolo, afanisa ukuguga kunye nokuchasana.
• Neagari (iingcambu eziveziweyo): Iingcambu ezibonakala ngaphezu kwe-substrate, zikhupha ukhukuliseko okanye ukukhula kumhlaba ongazinzanga.
• fukinagashi (kubethwa ngumoya): Onke amasebe akhula kwicala elinye, edala amandla kunye nokuvakala.
• tanuki (artificial deadwood): Umthi omncinci udityaniswa nesiqu esomileyo ukulinganisa izinto zamandulo, nto leyo ethetha isakhono sobugcisa.
• Seki-joju (ebamba ilitye): Iingcambu zijikeleze kwaye zoyise ilitye, zifanekisela kwaye zinzima kakhulu.
• I-Bankan (ejijekileyo okanye ejijekileyo): Isiqu esizijikayo, esibonisa ulawulo nobuchule bomlimi.
• Rosoku Zukuri (idangatye okanye ikhandlela): Isiqu esithe tye, amasebe athe nkqo njengedangatye lekhandlela.

Isitayela ngasinye sidinga ukhetho oluthile lweentlobo kunye nokubunjwa. Eminye, efana ne-chokkan okanye i-kengai, ifaneleka ngakumbi kwi-conifers, ngelixa imithi evuthuluka ibalasele kumtshayelo okanye izitayile zamahlathi.

Uninzi lweentlobo ezidumileyo zeBonsai kunye neempawu zazo

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yexesha elide kunye nokwaneliseka komntu. Apha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo sezona ntlobo zabameli:

• UFicus ginseng: Iqinile kakhulu, ilula kubaqalayo, inyamezela ngaphakathi kunye neempazamo zokunkcenkceshela.
• Ielm yesiTshayina (Zelkova parvifolia): Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, kukulungele ngaphakathi, amaqabunga amancinci kunye nokulungelelanisa okukhulu.
• Ijunipha (Juniperus chinensis): I-Classic kwisitayile se-cascade, yomelele, ilungele ngaphandle kwaye kulula ukuyimodeli.
• Imephu yaseJapan (iAcer palmatum)Amagqabi abukekayo, imibala enzulu yasekwindla, ifuna ingqalelo yokunkcenkceshela kunye nomthunzi.
• ligustrum: Ngokufana nomthi womnquma, ulungelelanisa kakhulu kwiimeko kunye nezitayela ezahlukeneyo.
• Umthi womnquma (Olea europaea): Amaxolo esilivere, amagqabi amancinci, axabiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu kunye nesomiso.
• Azalea: Intyatyambo ebukekayo, ifuna ukufuma okuphezulu kunye ne-acidic substrate.
• Umsipres onempandla (Taxodium distichum): Inokuhlala kumhlaba omanzi, uphuhliso oluhle lwamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza.
• I-Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris): Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye yomelele, ikhethwa kwiindlela ezisesikweni kunye nezoncwadi.
• IPyracantha (Firethorn): Iintyatyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe kunye neziqhamo eziorenji, zihombise kakhulu.
• Itsheri (Prunus serrulata): Iintyatyambo ezithambileyo zasentwasahlobo, ezixatyiswa kakhulu kwinkcubeko yaseJapan.

Kule mihla, kukho iibhonsai zemveli ezincinci ezifana cactus bonsai, edibanisa i-aesthetics encinci kunye nokuqina kweentlobo ze-succulent, ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinqabileyo kunye nabantu abafuna ukunakekelwa okulula.

Iibhonsas ngokokumelana kwazo nobushushu nembalela

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuvela rhoqo kwamaza obushushu kubangele umdla bonsai ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokungabikho kwamanziEzi ntlobo zisisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwabo bahlala kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo okanye bafuna umthi ophantsi kakhulu:

1. Olea europaea (umnquma): Inyamezela imbalela, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, nokufuma okuphantsi. Ifuna ilanga elithe ngqo kunye nokuthenwa rhoqo.
2. UFicus retusa: Iyaguquguquka, inyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye neendawo ezomileyo. Ilungele abaqalayo kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo.
3. Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)Ukugcinwa okuphantsi, ukumelana neemeko ezinzima kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuncinci. Ifuna ilanga elipheleleyo kunye nomoya omhle.
4. I-Pistacia lentiscus (iMastic): Amagqabi amancinci, anyamezelayo kwimbalela kunye nokukhanya okukhulu. Ifuna ukuthenwa ukugcina imilo ehlangeneyo.
5. IPodocarpus: Ihlala ihleli kwaye inobuhle, iphila ngamanzi amancinci kwaye iqhelana nobushushu kunye nomthunzi.
6. Duranta repens (Duranta): Iintyatyambo ezimibalabala, ukukhula ngamandla, ukonwabela ilanga kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuphakathi.
7. I-Zelkova parvifolia (i-Elm yaseTshayina): Ukumelana namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, ukutshintsha umbala ekwindla, ukunyamezela ukungahoywa kwamanzi athile.
8. IJuniperus chinensis (iJuniper yaseTshayina): Idumile kwimozulu eyomileyo, amagqabi amancinci kunye namaxolo okuhombisa.

Ukubonelela ezi ntlobo ngokunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo kunye nokhuseleko ekukhanyeni kwelanga okugqithisileyo kubalulekile ukugcina amandla kunye nokubukeka kobuhle. Abalimi abaninzi bakhetha le mithi ye-bonsai ngenxa yokunyamezela kwabo iimpazamo kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezinelanga.

IBonsai yeentyatyambo kunye neSiqhamo: Imbonakalo ekhangayo

Udidi lwe intyatyambo kunye neziqhamo bonsai Ixabiswa ngokukodwa ngexabiso layo lokuhombisa. Ezi ntlobo ziyamangalisa ngokukwazi kwazo ukuntywila okanye ukuthwala isiqhamo nangona zincinci zincinci, zibonelela ngemibala eguqukayo kunye neemilo unyaka wonke:

• IAzalea (iRhododendron): Ifuna i-acidic substrate, ukufuma okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhuselwa kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu.
• Umthi we-apile (Malus): Iintyatyambo entwasahlobo, zivelisa iziqhamo ezincinci zokuhombisa ekwindla, zilungele abaqalayo kunye nabaphakathi.
• Irharnathi (Punica granatum): Amagqabi amancinci, iintyatyambo ezibomvu okanye eziorenji kunye neziqhamo ezincinci ezingqukuva.
• I-cherry yaseJapan (iPrunus serrulata)Ibalulekile kubugcisa baseJapan, intyatyambo yayo imfutshane kodwa inomtsalane.
• IPyracantha: Ameva, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe kunye neziqhamo ze-orange okanye ezibomvu, ezichasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Ungayikhetha njani iBonsai egqibeleleyo: Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Impumelelo kunye nokwaneliseka kunye bonsai yakho kuxhomekeke a ukhetho olufanelekileyo olulungelelaniswe kwindawo okuyo, amava kunye nexesha elikhoyo. Nanga amanye amacebiso abalulekileyo:

• Indawo ekhoyo: Thatha ingqalelo ukuba unefestile kuphela, ibalcony, iterrace okanye igadi enkulu.
• Imozulu kunye nendawoKhetha iintlobo ezomeleleyo ukuba uhlala kwiindawo ezishushu okanye ezinobusika obunzima. Kwizityalo zangaphakathi, khetha i-ficus, iserissa, i-carmona, okanye imithi emincinci, enamagqabi amahle.
• Inqanaba lamavaEzinye iibhonsai, ezifana ne-ficus okanye i-elm yaseTshayina, zilula kwiimpazamo kwaye zilungele ukufunda. Abanye, njengepayini okanye iimaphu, bafuna ubuchule obungakumbi kunye nengqalelo.
• Isimbo kunye nezinto ozikhethayoQinisekisa ukuba ingaba ujonge ukumila okusesikweni, okuncinci, okanye okumangalisayo; nokuba ukhetha iintyatyambo, iziqhamo, okanye amagqabi aluhlaza.

Ukubonisana nezikhokelo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokujonga i-bonsai kwimiboniso okanye kwimizi yogcino lwezilwanyana kukunceda wenze isigqibo esinolwazi nesibonwayo.

Ukhathalelo oluyimfuneko kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeBonsai

Iqela ngalinye okanye iindidi zineemfuno ezithile, kodwa zikhona izikhokelo jikelele ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide yayo nayiphi na ibhonsai:

• Unkcenkceshelo: Ilungelelaniswe kuhlobo, ixesha lonyaka, kunye nodidi lwesubstrate. Gwema zombini ukugqithisa kunye nesomiso esipheleleyo. Imithi emincinci yebhonsai ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo.
• Ukukhanya kunye nendawo: Uninzi ludinga ukukhanya kwendalo okulungileyo, nangona iintlobo zetropikhi zifuna ukukhanya okuhluziweyo kunye nokufuma kwe-ambient.
• Ukuprintwa kunye nokucofa: Kubalulekile ukugcina ubungakanani obufunwayo kunye nokumila. Ukuthena kwakhona kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamasebe amancinci, axineneyo.
• UmbhalisiSebenzisa izichumisi ezilungeleleneyo entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni; ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ekwindla nasebusika.
• Ukutshintshwa: Yenza oku xa iingcambu zigcwalisa imbiza, ngokuqhelekileyo yonke iminyaka enye okanye emibini kwibhonsai encinci kunye nezintathu okanye ngaphezulu ezinkulu.
• Uphononongo lwezinambuzane kunye nezifo: Wahlole amagqabi, amasebe neengcambu ngamaxesha athile ukuze uthintele iingxaki. Lungisa ukunkcenkceshela, ukungena komoya, kunye nokutyhileka njengoko ubona iimpawu zoxinzelelo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neentlobo zeBonsai kunye nokuLinywa kwazo

• Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukukhulisa nawuphi na umthi njengebhonsai? Ngokwenyani ewe, kodwa ezinye iintlobo ziqhelana ngcono ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwazo, ubungakanani bamagqabi kunye nokukwazi ukuntshula emva kokuthenwa.
• Yeyiphi eyona bonsai ilungileyo kwabaqalayo? El i-ficus ginseng kunye I-chinese elm Zezona zinconywayo ngokuxhathisa kwazo kunye nokunyamezelana.
• Zeziphi izitayile zebhonsai ezifuna amava amaninzi? Ingxangxasi, isemi-waterfall, iinkuni ezifileyo kunye neengcambu ezivelileyo zifuna ubuchule kunye nomonde.
• Inokuhlala ixesha elingakanani ibhonsai? Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, banokuphila amashumi eminyaka okanye iinkulungwane, ngaphandle koogxa babo endle.
• Uthini umahluko phakathi kwebhonsai yangaphakathi nangaphandle? Iintlobo kunye nokunyamezela kwayo kwemozulu: izityalo zangaphakathi zihlala zishushu, ngelixa izityalo zangaphandle zifuna ukubanda kwebusika kunye neenguqu zonyaka.

Izixhobo eziPhezulu kunye neeNgcebiso kubathandi beBonsai

Ukongeza kokuziqhelanisa nokuzama, kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo Ukuphanda nzulu kubugcisa bebhonsai:

• Imibutho yebhonsai yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe kunye neeklabhu apho unokwabelana ngamava, ukutshintshiselana ngezixhobo, kwaye uye kwiindibano zocweyo.
• Imiboniso yeBonsai, imiboniso, kunye nokhuphiswano lulungele ukubukela imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye nokufumanisa iindlela ezintsha.
• Uncwadi olukhethekileyo lokubumba, ukuthena, ukufakela iintambo, kunye neendlela zokulima ezikhethekileyo.
• Iziteshi zevidiyo, iiblogi, kunye neeforamu ezibonelela ngezifundo kunye nenkxaso yokusombulula imibuzo ethile.

Phonononga iyantlukwano ye iintlobo zebhonsai, izimbo zayo, iintlobo, kunye nobuchule, ivula umnyango kwelinye lawona macandelo anika umdla kwaye atyebisayo kwihlabathi lezityalo. Ukunyamezela, ukujonga, kunye nobuchule yintsika zokunandipha ubugcisa be-bonsai, ukuguqula umthi ngamnye ube ngumsebenzi oyingqayizivele obonisa ubuntu bakho kunye nokuzinikezela kubugcisa bendalo. Nokuba ungumqali okanye ungumqokeleli onamava, kuya kuhlala kukho isitayile, ubungakanani, okanye iintlobo ezilungele indawo yakho kunye nothando lwakho, okumema ukuba ukhule kwaye uvele ecaleni kwebhonsai yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha.