Intshayelelo kwi-genus Liquidambar
El uhlobo lweLiquidambar Liqela lemithi evuthulukayo, yobukhulu obukhulu kunye nexabiso elikhethekileyo lokuhombisa, elivela kwimimandla epholileyo yaseMntla Melika, kuMbindi Merika, eMpuma Asia nakwimpuma yeMeditera. Zibonwa ikakhulu ngumbala wazo amagqabi ekwindla, nayo le mithi ibalasele ngeyakhe ukuveliswa kwe-resin enevumba elimnandi Ibizwa ngokuba yi-storax okanye i-amber engamanzi, ibalulekile ngokwembali kwaye ibalulekile ngoku kumayeza esintu nakwishishini lezithambiso. Amagqabi ayo amile okwenkwenkwezi, isiqu esomeleleyo esinexolo eliqinileyo, kunye neziqhamo ezipinki, ezingqukuva, zinika iisweetgums ubuhle obungathandabuzekiyo kwiindawo zasedolophini nakwindalo.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeLiquidambar
- I-Liquidambar styraciflua - Yaziwa njenge I-sweetgum yaseMelika, istorax okanye umthi weamber. Inzalelwane empuma nakumazantsi-mpuma kuMntla Merika, eMexico, nakwiindawo zoMbindi Merika.
- sweetgum orietalis – Fowuna i-sweetgum yasempumalanga, inzalelwane kumzantsi-ntshona weTurkey kunye nesiqithi saseGrisi saseRhodes.
- liquidambar formosana – Eyaziwa njenge I-sweetgum yaseTshayina, isasazwa kumzantsi-mbindi weTshayina, eTaiwan, eKorea, eLaos naseVietnam.
- Liquidambar acalycin -Ikhoyo kumbindi kunye nakwimimandla esempuma-mpuma yeTshayina.
Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo zefosili ezifana Liquidambar californicum y Liquidambar europaeum, ebonisa usasazo oludlulileyo olubanzi kakhulu kunolu lwangoku.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesweetgum
- Ukuphakama: Phakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-40 yeemitha ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neemeko, nangona kukho iisampuli eziphakamileyo ezikhethekileyo.
- Imilo yeNdebe: I-Pyramidal okanye i-columnar ebusheni, ijikeleza ngobudala. Kwezinye iintlobo, inokuba yi-oval okanye i-globose.
- Isiqu kunye nexoloIsiqu esinye, esithe tye, esomeleleyo esigqunywe ngamaxolo amaxolo. Ithatha i-grayish-brown hues, ibe mnyama kwaye iqhekeke ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha.
- Amagqabi: Ilungiselelo elilolunye, i-palmate, kunye ne-5 kwi-7 lobes enzulu. Imiphetho ye-Serrated kunye nengaqhelekanga, eluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kunye nombala i-yellow, i-orange, ebomvu, i-burgundy kunye nemfusa ekwindla.
- Ukudubula: Iintyatyambo ezingaqhelekanga ezingaqhelekanga, inkunzi nemazi kumthi omnye (iintlobo ze-monoecious). Zivela kwii-terminal clusters okanye kwi-inflorescences ejingayo entwasahlobo.
- Isiqhamo: I-synccarp engqukuva, inomthi kunye ne-spiny ngenkangeleko. Ivula ukukhulula imbewu enamaphiko ekwindla nasebusika.
- Ilifa: Inkqubo ye-taproot enzulu, ebonelela ngokuqina kodwa yenza ukutshintshwa kube nzima.
Umahluko phakathi kweentlobo eziphambili
- I-Liquidambar styraciflua: Amahlamvu anokutshintsha kombala kakhulu ekwindla, iziqhamo ezinkulu ezinomlinganiselo we-2,5 ukuya kwi-4 cm, kunye nexolo kunye nokukhula kwe-corky. Ixabiseke kakhulu kwigadi yasezidolophini kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba. Okunye malunga nolu hlobo.
- sweetgum orietalis: Incinci kune-L. styraciflua, eyahlukileyo nge-resin isitraksi, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-perfumery nakwi-pharmacology. Amagqabi ePalmate anelobe ezitsolo ngakumbi. Zininzi kakhulu kwimigxobhozo yeMeditera. Hlangana neentlobo.
- liquidambar formosana: Amagqabi aqhelekile ukuba ngamathathu kwaye amancinci, nangona ekwanemibala eqaqambileyo ekwindla. Iqhelaniswe nemozulu yemvula eMpuma Asia.
- Liquidambar acalycin: Ukusasazwa okuhonjisiweyo okuncinci, okuneempawu zebhotani ezifana ne-L. formosana kodwa amagqabi aneephetho ezirhabaxa.
Iintlobo zezityalo kunye neentlobo zokuhombisa ze-Liquidambar styraciflua
- EBurgundy: Amagqabi amfusa kakhulu, anokuthi aqhubeke nasebusika.
- IClydesform (Emerald Sentinel®): Ukukhula kwekholomu emxinwa, ukuphakama ukuya kwi-9 m, amagqabi atyheli-orenji ekwindla.
- FestivalUkukhula kwekholomu, amagqabi aluhlaza aluhlaza ehlotyeni, ajika abe tyheli, apinki kwaye abebomvu ekwindla.
- Goduzam (Gold Dust): Amagqabi ahlukeneyo, iithowuni ezipinki ziguqukela kubomvu-mfusa ekwindla.
- Grazam: Imilo yepyramidal, enamagqabi e-orenji, abomvu kunye ne-purple hues.
- gumball: Ifomu ye-shrubby encinci, ayidluli kwi-2 m, amaqabunga abomvu-mfusa.
- Moraine: Ubume obujikelezileyo kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukuchasana okukhulu kubanda.
- Palo Alto: Amaqabunga amathoni ahlukeneyo abomvu ekwindla, alungelelaniswe nemozulu efudumeleyo neyomileyo. Funda indlela yokubanyamekela.
- Iparasol: Isithsaba esibanzi nesijikelezileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 m, imibala ebomvu ebukhali.
- Rotundiloba: Iilobes zamagqabi angqukuva, azina ntsholongwane kwaye azivelisi ziqhamo zinameva.
- Silhouette ebhityileyo: Ikholamu kakhulu kwaye imxinwa portamento.
- Worplesdon: Amahlamvu anomxube obomvu, orenji kunye nomfusa ekwindla.
Ukwabiwa kwejografi kunye neendawo zokuhlala
I-genus Liquidambar isasazwe ngokubanzi kwi:
- EMpuma kuMntla MelikaUkusuka kumazantsi eNew York, ukudlula i-Mississippi Valley, ukuya eTexas naseFlorida.
- EMexico nakuMbindi Merika: Ukusuka eNuevo León ukuya eChiapas, eGuatemala, e-El Salvador, eHonduras naseNicaragua.
- EMpuma AsiaImimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseTshayina, eTaiwan, eKorea nakumantla eVietnam.
- empuma yeMeditera: Türkiye kunye nesiqithi saseRhodes eGrisi.
Bane yaziswa ngempumelelo kweminye imimandla epholileyo yehlabathi (eKhanada, eArgentina, eChile, eOstreliya, eNew Zealand, eUruguay, eKholombiya, eHawaii, eMzantsi Afrika naseYurophu). Fumana eminye imithi efanelekileyo.
Iimeko eziphambili zokukhula kunye nenkathalo
- eLuzi: Bakhetha ilanga eligcweleyo; banyamezela umthunzi kwindawo efudumeleyo.
- Umgangatho: Ubunzulu, buchumile, bupholile, bukhutshiwe kakuhle, kwaye butyebile kwizinto eziphilayo, kunye nokuthambekela kwi-asidi. Ziyakwazi ukunyamezela imihlaba enecalcareous kancinci, nangona inokuba nzima ukuyikhulisa (leaf chlorosis). Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngokulima, tyelela.
- UnkcenkcesheloIphakathi kodwa iqhelekile, ingakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala nangexesha lembalela.
- Ukuchasa: Inyamezela amaqondo obushushu ukuya kwi -25ºC ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Uvakalelo kwimbalela egqithisileyo kunye netyuwa.
- Ukuthena: Kuncinci okufunekayo ngaphandle kokususa amasebe awomileyo okanye awonakeleyo.
- Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo: Ngokuqhelekileyo i-immune, ngaphandle komonakalo ngamaxesha athile kwi-powdery mildew okanye izinambuzane phantsi kweemeko ezingathandekiyo.
- Ukutshintshwa: Kunzima ngenxa ye-taproot enzulu.
I-Sweetgum ifanelekile iigroves, ulungelelwaniso lweendlela, iipaki ezinkulu kunye neegadi ezinkuluIkwasetyenziswa kwiheji ezinde, kwitopiary, nanjengomzekelo omnye. Iyayinyamezela iplaving yasezidolophini kunye nongcoliseko ngokufanelekileyo, nangona ubukhulu bayo buyenza ingafaneleki kwiindawo ezincinci.
Ukuphindaphinda nokusasazwa
- Imbewu: Kufuneka ziqokelelwe kwiziqhamo ezivuthiweyo kwaye zifuna ixesha stratification ebandayo ukuphula i-latency.
- Ukusika: Ukusebenzisa izigawu ezinamaplanga okanye ezisikiweyo entlakohlaza okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo, nangona ukuhluma akusoloko kulula.
El ukukhula es kancinci ekuqaleni kwaye isantya emva kweminyaka embalwa yokuqala, kwaye inokudlula imitha enye ngonyaka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesweetgum: ukuhombisa, ishishini kunye namayeza
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa
Olunye lolona setyenziso luphambili lwesweetgum lunje umthi wokuhombisa Ndiyabulela kumagqabi ayo asekwindla anemibala emininzi, inkangeleko entle, kunye nobuhle obumangalisayo bamaxolo awo kunye neziqhamo ezinameva, isetyenziswa ku:
- Iipaki ezinkulu kunye nezitiya, ezidibeneyo okanye ezizimeleyo.
- Ulungelelwaniso kwiindlela ezibanzi kunye nemithi yasezidolophini.
- Ukudalwa kwezithinteli-moya zezityalo kunye neeheji ezinde.
- Ulwakhiwo lwe bonsai - ngakumbi sweetgum bonsai ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokunciphisa amagqabi kunye nesiqu esinomtsalane.
Ukuveliswa kwe-resin kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendabuko
La intlaka enuka kamnandi ubizile isitraksi Yenye yezona mveliso zahlukileyo zesweetgums. Le gummy, i-amber-colored, i-exudation enevumba elimnandi ibisetyenziswa ngokwembali amayeza emveli, iziqholo, kwanokwenziwa kwetshungama nezithambiso. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumayeza kubandakanya:
- Ukunyangwa kweemeko zokuphefumula (i-lung balm, i-cough suppressant).
- Uncedo kumanxeba esikhumba, irhashalala, amaqhakuva kunye neemeko zolusu.
- Antiparasite, i-astringent kunye ne-sedative.
Kweminye imimandla yaseMexico, intlaka exutywe necuba yayisetyenziswa njengetshungama nakwizithethe. Kwimizi-mveliso yezithambiso zale mihla, isetyenziselwa ukwenza iikhrimu, amayeza okuthambisa, izithambiso kunye neziqholo zexabiso eliphezulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni nakwimizi-mveliso
- La iinkuni zesweetgum Iqinile, ihlangene, kwaye icolekile. Ibomvu ngombala kunye nemithambo emnyama, isetyenziswa eMntla Melika ukwenza i-pulp yephepha, isakhelo kunye nokuveliswa kwebhokisi, i-linings yangaphakathi, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-sawdust.
- Ayikhuthazwa kwizicelo zangaphandle, njengoko ayinyamezeli kakuhle imozulu.
- I-heartwood idla ngokuba mnyama ngenxa yobudala, ngamanye amaxesha ithatha indawo yezinye iinkuni ezimnyama kwi-marquetry. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, bona imithi yokuhombisa yeepati.
Ngaphezu koko, iinkuni zixatyiswa njengento yokuhombisa, nangona ingasetyenziswa kakhulu ekuchweleni okuphezulu.
Liquidambar Iphepha Lenyani eliKhawulezayo
- Igama lenzululwaziI-Liquidambar styraciflua (ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo)
- Amanye amagamaUmthi we-amber, i-storax, i-ocozol, i-sweet gum, i-satin walnut, i-sycamore.
- Ubude obukwi-avareji: 20-35 iimitha
- Amagqabi: I-Deciduous, iindidi zechromatic ekwindla
- Ukudubula: Intlakohlaza, iintyatyambo ezincinci zokubonisa
- Isiqhamo: Iglowubhu enamaphiko enembewu enamaphiko
- Ukuchasa: Ukuya kuthi ga kwi -25º C ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi
- Ixesha elide: Inokugqithisa ngokulula iminyaka eyi-100
Iimfuno kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo
- Ukuveliswa kwe-resin kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwinkundla yabalawuli baseMexico kwakudumile kumaxesha amandulo.
- Ixesha Utywala Idibanisa igama lesiLatini elithi "liquidus" kunye negama lesiArabhu elithi "ámber" ngenxa yolwelo olunombala we-amber oluveliswa ngumthi.
- Le mithi ikhethelwe iiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nomthi wesikhumbuzo kwiWorld Trade Centre Memorial. Ndwendwela iikopi zabo.
- Phakathi kweempawu zayo zonyango, i-resin ikholelwa ukuba inceda kwimiphunga kunye neengxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi.
- Ezahlukeneyo gumball Ivumela ukulima kwiigadi ezincinci okanye nakwizikhongozeli ezinkulu, ukuzisa yonke imbonakalo yechromatic yolu hlobo kwiindawo ezincinci.
Inkathalo ekhethekileyo kunye neengcebiso
- Ukutyala okucetyiswayo ekwindla okanye ekupheleni kobusika ukuze iingcambu zimiliselwe kakuhle. Ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ezingakumbi, bona Ukunyamekela i-sweetgum embizeni.
- Yiphephe imbalela kunye nokugcwala kwamanzi; ukunkcenkceshelwa kufuneka kube rhoqo kumasimi amancinci kunye nakwimozulu eyomileyo.
- Sebenzisa i-acid substrate okanye ulungise i-pH kwimihlaba ene-calcareous ukuthintela i-chlorosis kunye nokukhuthaza umbala wokuwa okukhulu. Ukuze ufumane ezinye iingcebiso, bona.
- Yahlula ubuncinane i-6-8 yeemitha phakathi kwemizekelo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini okanye kwiipaki, ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso lwazo olupheleleyo.
- Yenza kuphela ukucoca kunye noqeqesho lokuthena usemncinci.
- ukuba bonsai, khetha amasebe aneengile ezilungileyo kwaye ugcine i-taproot phantsi kolawulo ngexesha lokutshintshwa kokuqala. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe apha Yintoni i-prebonsai?.
Ngenxa yombala wayo, ukuqina, kunye nokudityaniswa kokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo, amayeza, kunye nembali, i-sweetgum ibekwe njengomnye wemithi ehombisayo nesebenza ngeendlela ezininzi egadini nasekulungiseni umhlaba. Ukukwazi kwayo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo, kudityaniswa nenkangeleko yayo emangalisayo kwiinyanga zasekwindla, kuyenza ibe sisityalo esiyimfuneko kuzo zombini iiprojekthi zesithuba sohlaza sikawonke-wonke kunye nesabucala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezoshishino, iziqholo, kunye namayeza endalo. Ukukhetha uhlobo olululo lwesweetgum sisitshixo ukonwabela umboniso omibalabala wempembelelo enkulu ebonakalayo kunye neenzuzo ezininzi unyaka nonyaka.
