IiSalvia zenza uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu losapho lweLamiaceae olubandakanya amakhulu eentlobo Izityalo eziziinkozo, ezingapheliyo, zonyaka, kunye nezityalo ezingaphantsi kwamatyholo. Nangona kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla, i-sage yokupheka icingelwa ngokuqhelekileyo ISalvia officinalis, kukho uluhlu olukhulu lwe iintlobo ezineentyatyambo ezintle, amavumba awodwa kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Zisasazwe ngokubanzi kuzo zombini i-hemispheres kwaye zinendlela eyodwa yokwenene yokudluliselwa kwepoleni ngokusebenzisa a i-staminal lever eyenza kube lula ukufakwa kwepollen kwizinambuzane kunye neentaka.
Ukuba ukhangele ukuqonda ukuba zingaphi iintlobo ze-salvias ezikhoyo, indlela yokuzahlula, yiyiphi inkathalo abayifunayo kunye nokuba zeziphi izicelo zabo, apha uya kufumana isikhokelo esipheleleyo kunye neentlobo eziphambili, iicultivars, iingcebiso zokulima kunye nezona zakhiwo zifanelekileyo.
- ISalvia officinalis
- USalvia microphylla
- ISalvia guaranitica
- USalvia uyakhazimla
- Salvia elegans
- Ezinye iintlobo zesilumko
- Ukunyamekela okusisiseko kwe-salvias
- Iipropati zezilumko
ISalvia officinalis
Yaziwa njengesage eqhelekileyo, sisityholo esihlala sihleli esinamagqabi aluhlaza-ngwevu kwaye ivumba elibi. Isetyenziswa ekuphekeni nasegadini. Yenza i-clumps ephakathi, ivelise izikhonkwane zeentyatyambo Kwimithunzi ye-lilac ukuya kwi-violet, ikhula ngelanga elipheleleyo kumhlaba ococekileyo. Inyamezela ingqele kakuhle, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo ezinomhlaba onamanzi.
Ekhitshini inegalelo ama-nuances akrakra kwaye anongwe kancinci eyongeza inyama, intlanzi kunye ne-pasta. Ikwayisiseko sezinto ezininzi zokufakelwa kwesintu kunye namalungiselelo emithi. Iye yalinywa kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nomxholo wayo wevithamini. iioyile ezifanelekileyo kunye neekhompawundi zephenolic.
Iintlobo eziphambili zecultivars zeSalvia officinalis
- Umbethe: ubungakanani obudibeneyo, obulungele iimbiza kunye nemida, kunye neentyantyambo ezi-violet-blue.
- I-Purpurascens: amagqabi amfusa kunye neziqu ezincinci; xa idubula, ikwenza oko kumaqela amfusa-blue.
- I-Icterin okanye igolide sage: kakhulu ukuhombisa amagqabi aluhlaza-tyheli, esebenzayo njengoko zokuhombisa kunye zokupheka.
- Intloko: amagqabi aluhlaza nge imiphetho emhlophe ejijekileyo kunye nepinki okanye i-violet hues; incasa ethambileyo.
- igadi yasentabeni: amagqabi amakhulu, ajikelezileyo kunye ukuthungwa kwevelvet; ayidli ngokudubula, kodwa inevumba elimnandi.
- UAurea: Iindidi ezineethoni zegolide kumagqabi, zixatyiswe kakhulu egadini.
USalvia microphylla
Isuka eMexico nakwiindawo ezikumazantsi-ntshona aseMelika, yaziwa ngokuba isilumko esinamagqabi amancinci. Iphuhlisa amaqela eentyatyambo ngaphakathi ukusuka kwipinki ukuya kwi-magenta ebomvu kwaye ikhupha ivumba elimnandi xa amagqabi ayo ekhuhla. Yomelele kakhulu kwaye ingaqhubeleka neentyatyambo kwingqele ephakathi ukuba umhlaba uphuma kakuhle.
Idla ngokubhidaniswa ne USalvia greggii; omabini abelana ngesimilo esinamatyholo kunye neentyatyambo ezinde, kwaye ukusuka kwiminqamlezo yazo kuvela S. x jamensisPhakathi kwezona cultivars zidumileyo kukho ii-bicolors ezifana ne Imilebe eshushu (emhlophe kunye netsheri ebomvu) okanye ukhetho lwamahlamvu amnyama afana Induli yasePotosÃ, ebonelela ngokungafaniyo kwii-flowerbeds kunye neebhedi ezixubileyo.
Ifanelekile kwizitiya zolondolozo oluphantsi, iyakunyamezela ukuthenwa emva kokugungxulwa kweentyatyambo kwaye iyayixabisa indawo ene ukukhanya kwelanga okuninziUbude bayo buqhele ukujikeleza imitha enye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke njengeheji ekhanyayo okanye ubunzima obunemibala.
ISalvia guaranitica
Sisilumko esinamandla kwaye sinevumba elimnandi, elixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yalo izikhonkwane eziluhlaza. Inzalelwane yaseMzantsi Melika, ikhula iye kubukhulu obulungileyo kwaye idubula kakhulu ukusuka kwixesha elifudumeleyo ukuya kwimozulu entle. Ifuna imihlaba ekhululekile, echumileyo kunye nokunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngaphandle kokufuma okugqithisileyo.
Isetyenziselwa ukutsala i-pollinators, ngakumbi i-hummingbirds kunye neenyosi, ngenxa yeentyantyambo zayo ezityebileyo ze-tubular. Kucetyiswa ukukhusela isiseko nge-mulch ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwi-spell ebandayo, kwaye wenze ukuthena okwakhayo ukugcina umthamo we-clump phantsi kolawulo.
USalvia uyakhazimla
Yaziwa njenge-scarlet sage okanye i-coralillo, sisityalo esithandwa kakhulu yi-herbaceous yayo iispikes ezibomvu ezimangalisayo ezibonakala ukususela ehlotyeni ukuya phambili. Isebenza ngokumangalisayo kwi-flowerbeds, imida kunye nezikhongozeli, inika umbala oqhubekayo. Ikhetha iindawo ezifudumeleyo, i-substrate nge umjelo olungileyo kunye nokunkcenkceshela rhoqo ukuphepha izikhukhula.
Ihlala isetyenziswa njengonyaka kwiindawo ezibandayo, kunye nokutyala kuhlaziywa rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka. Ukugcina intyatyambo edibeneyo, kungcono ukususa i-inflorescences ebunjiwe kwaye usebenzise isichumisi esilungeleleneyo rhoqo. Lolona khetho lubalaseleyo lokudityaniswa ne-salvias enentyatyambo eluhlaza kunye namagqabi angwevu.
Salvia elegans
Ebizwa ngokuba yipineapple sage ivumba elimnandi Ukusuka kumahlamvu ayo, ivelisa iintyatyambo ezibomvu ze-tubular ezingenakunqandwa kwi-hummingbirds kunye namabhabhathane. Ilungele iigadi zeemvakalelo kunye nokubeka izinyuko ezikufutshane, apho ukuyibamba kukhupha ivumba layo.
Kukho iicultivars ezinevumba elimnandi kunye neentyatyambo, ezinje Iphayinaphu elibomvu (ibukhali ngakumbi kunye neentyatyambo ezinkulu), I-Melon yobusi (ukubamba okumnandi kwemelon), itangerine (izikhumbuzo ze-tangerine) okanye I-Sonoran Ebomvu (amagqabi amnyama kunye neentyatyambo ezintle). Ayinyamezeli iqabaka eqatha; kwindawo ezipholileyo, kungcono ukuyikhusela okanye ukuyikhulisa embizeni ukuyikhusela ngexesha elibandayo.
Ikhetha ilanga eligcweleyo okanye ukukhanya kwe-semi-shade, imihlaba enemingxuma kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuphakathi. Emva kweentyatyambo, a ukunqunyulwa okukhanyayo ivuselela amahlumela amatsha kwaye igcine isityalo sihlangene.
Ezinye iintlobo zesilumko
- Sage apiana okanye i-white sage: yenza i-silvery clumps ngenxa ye-pubescence eshinyeneyo yamagqabi ayo; ivelisa izihloko zeentyatyambo ezimhlophe Ngamanye amaxesha ivalwe nge-violet. Ukongeza ekubeni ihombise, isetyenziswa kwizithethe nakwiziqhumiso. Ifuna ilanga eligcweleyo, umhlaba ophuma kakuhle, kunye nokunkcenkceshelwa kwezithuba.
- Sage leucantha okanye i-Mexican sage: ityhila iziqwenga zevelvety Imfusa eneentyantyambo ezimhlophe okanye ze-monochrome, ikhula ibe ngubukhulu obuhle. Idubula kakhulu ekupheleni kwexesha elifudumeleyo kwaye inyamezela amaxesha embalela. Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphakathi ukuba umhlaba uphuma kakuhle.
- USalvia farinacea okanye iblue sage: izikhonkwane ezibukhali blu omfusa. Kukho iicultivars kwimithunzi ye-indigo, i-violet, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-bicolors emhlophe, kunye nomhlophe ococekileyo. Ifanelekile kwii-flowerbeds kunye neembiza; ukusuka emnqamlezweni nge S. longispicata i-hybrid eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inflorescences emide iyavela.
- Salvia melissodora: isihlahla esinenkuni kunye neentyantyambo ezi-violet kunye nephuzi ivumba elimnandi ikhumbuza iidiliya. Inomtsalane kakhulu kwi-pollinators; ifuna ubushushu kunye nokugqatswa lilanga.
- USalvia greggii y S. x jamensis: isondele kwi S. microphylla, kunye neentyantyambo ze-shades ezibomvu, ezipinki kunye ne-bicolor; ilungele iintyatyambo phantse eziqhubekayo kunye nokuthenwa kwesondlo esilula.
- Salvia uliginosa y ISalvia chamaedryoidesEyokuqala, eneeblues ezikhanyayo kunye nenkangeleko ekhululekile; eyesibini, inamagqabi angwevu kunye neentyatyambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zombini ziluncedo kakhulu ekuqambeni ngengca.
Indlela yokudluliselwa kwepoleni kunye nokwahluka
Olona phawu lwahlukileyo lolo hlobo yi- indlela yelever kwi-stamens yayo ebeka umungu emqolo okanye entloko ye-pollinator xa ityhala i-nectar. Xa undwendwela enye intyatyambo, ibala libekwe ngokweqhinga lokuqokelela loo pollen. Olu tshintsho luye lwathanda a imitha enkulu yeentlobo kwaye ichaza iindidi zeentyatyambo ezilungiselelwe iinyosi kunye neentaka. I-genus ibonisa iindawo ezintathu ezityebileyo zokwahlukana: imimandla yaseMesoamerican kunye neyoMzantsi Melika, i-Meditera basin kunye ne-Asia Ephakathi, kunye nemimandla ethile ye-East Asia.
Ukunyamekela okusisiseko kwe-salvias
eLuzi: Uninzi lwe-salvias lukhetha ilanga elipheleleyoKwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, ukukhanya kwe-semi-shading ngexesha leeyure ezisembindini kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi.
Umgangatho: zinyamezela ii-substrates ezihlwempuzekileyo nje phuma kakuhle kakhuluEmbizeni, sebenzisa imixube ene-aerated nesanti okanye igrabile. Ukongeza izinto eziphilayo ziphucula isakhiwo ngaphandle kokubangela ukuchithwa kwamanzi.
Unkcenkceshelo: Phakathi. Vumela umhlaba ongaphezulu wome phakathi kokunkcenkceshela. iintlobo zeMeditera kunye silvery ezifana S. officinalis o S. apiana zingaphezulu xeric; abo ukukhula ngamandla ezifana S. guaranitica Bayakuxabisa ukufuma okungephi ngaphandle kokugqithisileyo.
Ukuthena: ukususa ii-inflorescences ezibunile yandisa iintyatyamboEkupheleni kwexesha elibandayo, thena ukuze uhlaziye kwaye udibanise iinkuni. Kuphephe ukuthenwa kakhulu iinkuni ezindala kwiintlobo ezibuthathaka.
UmbhalisiIzicelo zokukhanya zanele ngexesha lokukhula. Isichumiso esicothayo esilinganayo okanye umgquba ovuthiweyo wanele; thintela initrogen engaphezulu, ekholisayo amagqabi athambileyo kunye nentyatyambo encinci.
Ukuphindaphinda: nge iinqumle zesemi-wood Ngexesha elifudumeleyo, hlula i-clumps kwiintlobo ezifanelekileyo kwaye uzityale kunye ne-annual adapted okanye i-perennials. Izigawu ezityalwe kwiingcambu ezikhanyayo ze-substrate ngokukhawuleza ngobushushu obuthambileyo.
sezuluIisalvia ezininzi ziyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuqhaqhazelisa amazinyo ukuba umhlaba ufunxa kakuhle kwaye neengcambu zikhuselwe ngesigcina-kufuma. Iintlobo ezifana S. microphylla o S. leucantha Banyamezela ingqele ephakathi; ezikweleenjiko zifuna ukukhuselwa.
Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo: zilinganiselwe ukumelana ngenxa yeeoli zayo ezinevumba elimnandi. Zilumkele iintwala, iimpukane ezimhlophe kunye nezigcawu kwimozulu eyomileyo. Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukungunda komqhele wesithsaba; ukuphucula umoya kunye nokulungelelanisa ukunkcenkceshela.
Iipropati zezilumko
Salvias, ngakumbi ISalvia officinalis, ziye zaphononongwa ngomxholo wazo weemolekyuli ezinomdla we-bioactive. Bachongiwe iioyile ezifanelekileyo kunye neentsapho zeekhompawundi ezinesakhono somzimba.
Amaqela aphambili eekhompawundi
- Iiphenols: i-flavonoids, i-tannins kunye ne-coumarins ene-antioxidant umthamo.
- Terpenes kunye ne-terpenoids: inoxanduva lobuninzi bevumba kunye neziphumo ze-antimicrobial.
- Alkaloids kunye steroids: ikhona ngokwemiyinge eyahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo.
- Saponins kunye glycosides: izinto eziphuma kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla webhayoloji.
- Iiasidi ezinamafutha kunye newax, ngaphezu kwe-polyacetylenes kunye ne-carbohydrates yesakhiwo.
Ngokubanzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zibonise imiphumo anti-ukudumba, i-antioxidants, i-antimicrobials, kunye neempawu ze-neuroprotective kwizifundo zangaphambili. Abayithathi indawo yonyango lwezonyango, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kokupheka kunye nendabuko kuhambelana neenzuzo eziqhelekileyo. Kwintsimi yokupheka, i-sage ikhulisa inyama kunye nezitya zepasta; kweminye imimandla, isetyenziswa kwi ukunyuswa kokwetyisa, kwimixube ukuya kwincasa yeziselo nakwi macerations yotywala beherbal.
Kwinqanaba lenkcubeko, iintlobo ezithile ezifana Sage apiana Zisetyenziselwa izithethe zokuhlanjululwa ngesiqhumiso. Kwelinye icala, Isalin divinorum Isetyenziswe kwiimeko ze-shamanic ngenxa yeempembelelo zayo zengqondo; ngaphandle kolu setyenziso lwemveli, naluphi na uqheliselo olungenalwazi alukhuthazwa.
IBhayibhile
Imisebenzi yeReferensi kuhlobo lubandakanya izifundo zebhotani kunye neemonographs zokulima ezifana neSikhokelo soMyezo wokuKhulisa iSalvias, iSage: iGenus Salvia, kunye neNcwadi eNtsha yeSalvias, kunye noncwadi lwesayensi malunga nokwakheka kunye neminqamlezo yohlobo.
I-Salvias zizityalo ezinombulelo kunye neentyantyambo eziqhakazile kunye namavumba angabonakaliyo. Ngeentlobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa okulula, nayiphi na igadi okanye i-terrace inokonwabela umbala phantse unyaka wonke, ngelixa ithatha ithuba lokusebenzisa ukutya kunye nomtsalane kwizilwanyana zasendle ezisasaza imbewu.
