Umngcunube wokulila (I-Salix babylonica) ngomnye weyona mithi yokuhombisa ixabiswayo kwizitiya nakwiipaki, idume ngokuthopha kwamasebe kunye nenkangeleko entle. Ukongeza kwixabiso lawo lobuhle obungenakuphikiswa, lo mthi udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni imilambo kunye nokuzinzisa umhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ubuhle bayo busemingeni yayo emininzi: usengozini yoluhlu olubanzi lwezifo, izinambuzane kunye neemeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo oko kunokubeka esichengeni impilo yakho kunye nobomi obude.
Ukwazi ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo, uthintelo lwazo olusebenzayo, kunye nezona zicwangciso zingcono zonyango zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-weeping willow yakho ihlala isempilweni iminyaka. Kweli nqaku, uya kufumana a Isikhokelo esipheleleyo nesineenkcukacha kwimingeni eyahlukeneyo ukuba i-weep willow ijongene, kubandakanywa iziphumo zamva nje kwi-fusarium wilt, i-chlorosis, ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezifana ne-thrips kunye neebhungane, kunye nendlela yokujongana ngokuphumelelayo nazo, zombini kwimithi emikhulu kunye ne-bonsais.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye neenkonzo ze-eco ze-weeping willow
I-weeping willow yeyodidi I-Salix babylonica y Salix humboldtiana. Omabini abelana ngamasebe amade, abhetyebhetye ahla ehla, okukhokelela kwi-silhouette yayo engabonakaliyo. Amagqabi ayo amxinwa kwaye isarha, phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-15 cm, ibe mnyama ukuya kumbala oluhlaza, ujika ube yigolide ekwindla.
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wawo wokuhombisa, i-weeping willow inendima ebalulekileyo kwindaloIingcambu zawo ezomeleleyo zithintela ukhukuliseko lomlambo, zihluze izinto ezingcolisa amanzi, yaye, kwiimeko zendalo, zikhusela iintaka nezinambuzane eziluncedo. Oku kuziqhelanisa kuvumela ukuba iphumelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ithathelwe ingqalelo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokubuyisela i-ikholoji, nakwiindawo zasedolophini ezineemeko ezifanelekileyo.
Iingxaki eziphambili kunye nezifo ze-weeping willow
I-Weeping Willow inokuchatshazelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki ezibangelwa ngumngundo, iibhaktheriya kunye nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo. Sijonga nzulu kwezona zixhaphakileyo kunye nezisombululo zazo, kubandakanya igalelo leengcaphephe zamva nje kunye nezikhokelo ezicetyiswa ngabakhuphisana nabo:
- Amaphaphu y mealybugs: izinambuzane ezifunxayo ezenza buthathaka umthi, zibangela ukuba amaqabunga aphuzi kwaye anokukhuthaza ukungena kwezifo zesibini.
- Ukhwekhwe, ukungunda, ukhwekhwe, ukhwekhwe olumnyama y galena: izifo zefungal ezihlasela amaqabunga, amasebe okanye amagxolo, ukuvelisa amabala, ukomisa kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, i-branch dieback.
- Inyongo yomqhele: ibhaktiriya ebangela amathumba kwiingcambu kunye namasebe, ithintele ukuhamba kwencindi kwaye isenza buthathaka ngokuthe ngcembe umthi.
- I-Fusarium kunye ne-chlorosis: izifo zokungunda kunye nezomzimba ngokulandelelanayo, ezifunyenwe ngokubuna kunye nokutyheli ngokubanzi, kwaye ezinxulumene kakhulu nomhlaba kunye nokusilela kokunkcenkceshela.
- Izinambuzane ezinjenge thrips kunye nooqongqothwane: Izinambuzane ezitsha ezikhulayo kwi-willow ezinokuhlasela amaqabunga, iintyatyambo kunye namagxolo, ukukhuthaza ukubonakala kwefungi yesibini kunye nokunciphisa umthi ngexesha loxinzelelo.
1. Ukubola kweengcambu kunye ne-fusarium wilt: indlela yokufumanisa kunye nokukhusela
La ukubola kweengcambu Ubukhulu becala bubangelwa yimihlaba engakhutshwanga kakuhle okanye ukunkcenkceshelwa ngokugqithisileyo. Amanzi amileyo akhuthaza uphuhliso lwefungi ezifana I-Fusarium, echaphazela inkqubo yeengcambu kunye nezicubu ze-vascular, okubangelwa imeko eyaziwa ngokuba ifusarium. Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ukubuna okuqhubekayo, ukutyheli kwamagqabi, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa okuyingxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo komthi.
Ukuthintela i-fusarium kunye nokubola kweengcambu:
- Iqinisekisa imihlaba engeneyo nengenamanzi kakuhleYongeza isanti erhabaxa okanye iperlite kwindawo yokutyala. Ukuba isitiya sakho sithande ukuba namanzi, yakha ibhedi ephakanyisiweyo okanye uphucule amanzi amdaka ajikeleze isiqu.
- Musa amanzi ngokugqithisileyoNkcenkceshela kuphela xa umhlaba ongaphezulu womile, ingakumbi kwimozulu efumileyo. Ngexesha lemvula enkulu, nqumamisa ukunkcenkceshela okongeziweyo.
- Faka isicelo inkqubo yokubulala ukungunda Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu, nangona kungekho unyango oluchanekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ususe iingcambu ezichaphazelekayo kwaye uhlambulule indawo, ukulahla izinto eziphathekayo kwindawo yokulahla elawulwayo.
- Kulumkele ukutyala imingcunube kwimihlaba esandul' ukuthwaxwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziinkungu. I-Fusarium okanye apho eminye imingcunube ifile ngenxa yesi sizathu.
2. Ukutshiswa lilanga kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu
I-weeping willow inyamezela uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu, kodwa inovelwano ngokugqithiswa lilanga kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu. Amagqabi angabonisa ukutshisa kwiingcebiso zabo okanye emaphethelweni (necrosis), ajike abe mdaka kwaye abe crispy, ngakumbi ngexesha lamaza obushushu obude okanye kwimimandla apho ukufuma kuphantsi.
- Ukuyiphepha, Gcina ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngamaxesha ashushu, uyabonelela organic mulch ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokukhusela ngomthunzi wexeshana ngezona ntsuku zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba umthi wakho usemncinci okanye usanda kutshintshwa.
3. Amabala amagqabi kunye nenkungu
La indawo yegqabi Yenye yeemeko eziqhelekileyo kwaye ibangelwa ngumngundo ezifana Marssonina salicicola kunye nezinye iintlobo. Ifunyenwe ngokubonakala kwe amabala amdaka amnyama okanye amfusa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuweni kwamagqabi kwangaphambi kwexesha.
- Uthintelo lusekelwe kwi musa ukumanzisa amagqabi ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela, kuphephe ukuchumisa ngokugqithiseleyo (okukhuthaza ukwanda kwezicubu ezithambileyo ezithintekayo) kwaye ugcine i-canopy ingena emoyeni ngokuthenwa okukhethiweyo.
- Susa amagqabi awileyo kunye namasebe ukunciphisa umthombo we-inoculum kunye nokusetyenziswa imichiza yokungunda esekwe elubhedu okanye iimveliso ezithile kwimeko yosulelo oluqatha.
4. I-Chlorosis kunye ne-yellowing ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesondlo
El ukutyheli kwegqabi (chlorosis) Idla ngokubangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-iron, i-magnesium, okanye initrogen, okanye yimihlaba ene-pH engafanelekanga. Yahlulwa yinto yokuba amagqabi abonakala ngokulinganayo aluhlaza okanye atyheli, kunye nemithambo maxa wambi iseluhlaza (uphawu oluqhelekileyo lokusilela kwentsimbi).
- Faka isicelo izichumisi ezityebileyo nge-micronutrient (i-iron chelates, izichumisi ezilungelelanisiweyo) kwaye ujonge umhlaba pH, ulungelelanisa nezilungiso ukuba ungaphandle koluhlu olufanelekileyo (6.0 ukuya ku-7.5).
- Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo nokuxinana komhlaba, okuthintela ukufunxa izondlo.
5. Izinambuzane: iintwala, i- mealybugs, iithrips kunye nooqongqothwane
Zintwala Zivela entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, zenza iikholoni ezishinyeneyo kumahlumela kunye nangaphantsi kwamagqabi. Zifunxa incindi, zikhubaze amahlumela amatsha, zibangele ukuba tyheli, kwaye zinokusasaza iintsholongwane. Azibonakali kakuhle, kodwa unokuzibona ngokuncamathela kwinkangeleko yamagqabi azo (honeydew).
Mealybugs Zimhlophe okanye zimdaka ngebala kwaye kunzima ukuziphelisa ngenxa yeqokobhe lazo. Njengeentwala, zikhupha incindi kwaye zitofe ityhefu, nto leyo eyenza imeko ibe mandundu.
Iithrips (iiprawns) y ooqongqothwane Zizitshabalalisi ezisakhulayo. Umonakalo ujongwa kwi Amagqabi anamabala amancinci esilivere, ukuguqulwa okanye iigalari kumagqabi kunye namaxoloOoqongqothwane abadala badla amagqabi kwaye banokushiya amabala abomvu kwixolo, lo gama imibungu igqobhoza phantsi kwexolo kwaye ihlasele iingcambu.
- Ngamaxesha athile khangela amagqabi, amagqabi kunye namaxolo ukufumanisa kwangoko.
- Cima ngesandla iikholoni ezithambileyo okanye ukusetyenziswa ioyile yemem, isepha ye-potassium kunye namarhamncwa endalo afana ne-ladybugs kulawulo lwendalo.
- Kwiintlaselo ezinzima, sebenzisa amayeza okubulala izinambuzane okanye ethile yesitshabalalisi ngasinye, sisoloko sihlonipha imijikelo yemveliso kunye nemiyalelo.
6. Inyongo yesithsaba
Esi sifo, esibangelwa yibhaktheriya IAgrobacterium tumefaciens, icaphukisa Amathumba aqinileyo, arhabaxa emazantsi esiqu kunye neengcambuI-galls ekuqaleni i-brown ekhanyayo, emva koko ibe mnyama kwaye inokufikelela kubukhulu obukhulu. Ukuba usulelo lushiywe lungakhange luhlolwe, umthi ubonisa i-atrophy, i-discoloration jikelele, kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa.
- Gwema amanxeba kwisiseko somthi kunye bulala iintsholongwane kuzo zonke izixhobo zakho zokuthena ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa.
- Susa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye usebenzise unyango oluthile lwe-bactericidal kumanxeba.
- Tyala imizekelo esempilweni kuphela kwaye uphephe ukufaka isichumiso ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo.
7. Ukhwekhwe olumnyama kunye nokhwekhwe
El umhlaza omnyama, yenziwe ngu Glomerella miyabeana, izibonakalisa nge amabala amnyama angaqhelekanga kumagqabi kunye namaxolo, amanxeba afunjwe kukuvuza okupinki, nokufa kwamasebe. Izinambuzane zenza mandundu ngakumbi ukusasazeka kwembewu.
La ukhwekhwe (I-Pollaccia saliciperda) kubangela ukujiya kwamasebe kunye nokuguquka kombala kwamagqabi, ukunwenwa phezu kwamaxolo namagqabi anamaxolo namabala amdaka.
- La ukuthenwa kwangoko kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye ukutshisa okanye ukulahlwa okukhuselekileyo zizinto eziphambili.
- Sebenzisa i-fungicides yobhedu-sulfure, ngakumbi emva kwemvula okanye ngamaxesha okufuma.
- Alukho unyango oluqinisekileyo lwe-blackcanker, kodwa uthintelo kunye nonyango lwakwangoko kwandisa ubomi obude bomthi.
8. Ukungunda komgubo
El ukungunda okungumgubo Ibangelwa ngumngundo ezifana Erysiphe adunca y Phyllactinia guttata, ephawulwa ngu-a umgubo, umaleko omhlophe emagqabini, eguquka ngokukhawuleza kwi-necrosis kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi.
- Susa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye usebenzise iimveliso ezityebileyo kwisulfure okanye imixube yobhedu-sulfureKubalulekile ukususa kunye nokutshabalalisa izinto ezosulelekileyo ukophula umjikelo wokungunda.
- Yiphephe ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okulungileyo kwangaphakathi ngokuthena.
9. Ukhwekhwe
ukhwekhwe womngcunube, uveliswe ngu I-Fusicladium saliciperdum, kunokuba yingozi ukuba ayiphathwa. Ibangela amachokoza amdaka, aluhlaza, okanye amnyama, adla ngokuba nembewu enetyhefu, kwaye ibangela ukuwa kwamagqabi kwangoko. Iba ndlongondlongo kakhulu ngamaxesha emvula.
- Ukuthenwa okucwangcisiweyo yeendawo ezichaphazelekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe isisombululo seklorini esixutywe emanzini ukubulala iintsholongwane kumanxeba kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka.
- Gcina uqwalaselwe rhoqo emva kwezaqhwithi okanye imimoya ebhudla ngamandla.
Ukhathalelo lothintelo kunye nezenzo zolawulo ezilungileyo
- Ukubeka iliso okubonakalayo rhoqo: Qwalasela amagqabi, amasebe, kunye nesiseko sesiqu, ukubona naziphi na iimpawu zezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, ezityheli, amabala, okanye amathumba ngexesha.
- Ukuthenwa rhoqo: Susa amasebe agulayo kunye namagqabi omileyo, kwaye ugcine isakhiwo esivulekileyo ukuququzelela ukuhamba komoya kunye nokunciphisa imithombo yosulelo.
- Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngezitshizi: Yehlisa umngcipheko wokusasaza imingundo phakathi kwamagqabi asempilweni kunye namasebe.
- Ukujikeleziswa komhlaba kunye nolawulo: Musa ukutyala imingcunube emitsha apho iisampulu zangaphambili ziye zoyiswa yifusarium wilt okanye izifo ezimandundu.
Ukhathalelo kunye nothintelo lwe-Weeping Willow Bonsai
El Ukulila Willow Bonsai ifuna amanzi anzulu kodwa ahlukanisiweyo, ukuphepha ukugcwala kwamanzi. Sebenzisa i-substrates ene-akadama kunye ne-pumice ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kokufuma okwaneleyo. Qwalasela isityalo kwaye ulungelelanise ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngokwexesha lonyaka kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Beka ibhonsai yakho apho ifumana khona ukukhanya kwelanga okuhluziweyo okanye umthunzi othile, ngakumbi ehlotyeni. Ukuthena iingcambu kunye namasebe Ukuthena kwenziwa rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, ngokukhethekileyo entwasahlobo, ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kwamandla kunye nobukhulu obuncitshisiweyo. Soloko ubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zakho kwaye ususe naziphi na iindawo ezinesifo.
Olona tshaba lukhulu lwebhonsai ludla ngokuba yi ukuhlaselwa yintwala, mealybugs kunye namangolwane, kunye neefungi ezikhula kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela phezulu kwaye usebenzise unyango lwebhayoloji okanye lwekhemikhali ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba iimpawu zibonwe. Gquma umphezulu wesubstrate ngegrabile entle ukugcina ukufuma kwaye uthintele ukukhula kwembewu yokungunda.
Ukubaluleka kwe-substrate, ukukhanya, imozulu kunye nokutshintshwa
- ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo: Ibalulekile ekukhuleni nakwiphotosynthesis esebenzayo, khetha iindawo ezikhanyiswe kakuhle, uthintele izithunzi ezishinyeneyo zeminye imithi.
- sezulu: Iyaziqhelanisa kakuhle namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-5°C kunye ne-35°C (iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo), kodwa kufuna ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo kwimeko yeqabaka okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyoI-mulching inceda ukulawula ubushushu beengcambu.
- UmgangathoImihlaba engene kakuhle, etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, kunye nokungathathi hlangothi ukuya kwipH eneasidi kancinane. Udongwe olugqithisileyo, ukubumbana, kunye nokutshona kwamanzi zezona ngozi ziphambili.
- Ufakelo: Gcina imithi emincinci rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-2-3 kunye nemithi yabantu abadala yonke iminyaka emi-4-5. Thatha eli thuba ukuthena iingcambu ezonakalisiweyo kwaye uhlaziye i-substrate, ngaloo ndlela uthintela ukufunxa kweengcambu kwaye kube lula ukufunxa izondlo.
Yonwabela umngcunube owomeleleyo, osempilweni, kwaye okhule ngokupheleleyo Kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzisa ukuqapha rhoqo kwaye wamkela izenzo zokuthintela.Ngomhlaba ochetywe kakuhle, ukuthenwa okufanelekileyo, ukuchumisa okulinganayo, kunye nokufunyanwa kwengxaki kwangethuba, umthi wakho uya kuba liziko lokuqwalaselwa kwigadi yakho kunye nomthombo weenzuzo zendalo. Ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nokungenelela kwangethuba ngawona maqabane akho aphambili ekuhlangabezaneni nemiceli mngeni yokugcina lo mthi umhle, zombini ezinkulu kunye nebhonsai.
