IsiKhokelo esiPheleleyo seZityalo zaseManzini kwiiPonds zaseGadini

Yiba ne ichibi egadini Ifana noxolo, imvisiswano kunye nobuhle bendalo. Ezi zincinci zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini aziboneleli nje kuphela ixabiso elikhethekileyo lokuhombisa, kodwa kwakhona udale umoya ozolileyo ngenxa yesandi samanzi kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe Izityalo zasemanzini Ingundoqo kwimpilo zombini yamanzi kunye ne-aesthetics kunye ne-biological balance of echibini.

Iindidi zezityalo zasemanzini zamachibi

Ukwahluka kwe Izityalo zasemanzini Uluhlu lweentlobo zezityalo echibini lunokuhlalisa lubanzi kakhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenza imisebenzi ethile kwaye, kunye, bafaka isandla ekugcineni amanzi ahlambulukileyo, i-oksijeni, kunye ne-algae-free, kunye nokubonelela indawo yokuhlala kunye nokutya kweentlanzi kunye nama-invertebrates. Ngezantsi, sinika iinkcukacha zamaqela ezityalo aphambili, ehamba kunye neengcebiso, iingcebiso zolondolozo, kunye nokukhethwa kweentlobo ezibonakalisiweyo.

Izityalo ezenza ioksijini

Las izityalo ezine-oksijini Zihlala zingabonakali ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwamagqabi kunye neziqu zazo zihlala ziphantsi kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, zibalulekile kwi-ecosystem yechibi: Banceda ukucacisa amanzi, i-oksijini kunye nokulawula i-algae. ngokufunxa iiminerali kunye nekharbon diokside. Kungcono ukutyala Iisampulu ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ngemitha yesikwere Ngaphezulu.

• ICeratophyllum demersum (umsila wempungutye): Yomelele kakhulu, idada ngaphandle kweengcambu, kwaye ilungele abaqalayo. Ifuna ukukhanya okulungileyo kunye nokuhluzwa.
• elodea canadensis: Ikhetha amanzi anezondlo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Inika indawo yokusabela kunye neoksijini kwii-invertebrates ezincinci.
• I-Myriophyllum verticillatum kunye ne-M. aquaticum (isundu samanzi): Izityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezisebenza ngeoksijini. Lumnka; ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa kwezinye iindawo.
• I-Vallisneria gigantea kunye ne-V. tortifoliaAmagqabi amade, afana neribhoni; ifanelekile kwimida kunye namakhethini aluhlaza. Iyakwazi ukuqhelana namaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
• Ranunculus aquatilis: Ivelisa iintyatyambo eziethe-ethe ezimhlophe okanye ezikhrimu kwaye ikhetha amanzi amileyo, iwenza alungele amachibi amancinci.

Icebiso: Ezi zityalo zivame ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko zifuna ukuthenwa ngamaxesha athile ukukhusela ukuxinana kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulingana echibini.

Izityalo ezidadayo

Las izityalo ezidadayo Banikezela ngobuhle kunye nokusebenza. Xa zibekwe phezu komhlaba, zinikezela umthunzi kunye nokukhuselwa kweentlanzi, ukuthintela ukushisa kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwe-algae. Kucetyiswa ukuba musa ukugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-50% yomphezulu ukugcina ibhalansi yokukhanya.

• Lemna encinci (i-duckweed): Incinci ngokobukhulu, iyamelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo kwaye iyasebenza ekuthinteleni ukukhanya kwelanga, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwe-algae.
• Iipistia stratiotes (i-lettuce yamanzi): IRosette yamagqabi ashinyeneyo, ifuna ukukhanya okumandla kunye namanzi ashushu.
• Salvinia natans kunye ne-S. auriculata: Iifern zamanzi ezenza iimethi ezidadayo kwaye zibonelela ngekhusi kwiintlanzi eziselula.
• IHydrocharis morsus-ranae: Amagqabi ajikelezileyo kunye neentyatyambo ezimhlophe; ikhetha amanzi azolileyo kwaye ihombise kakhulu.
• I-Eichhornia crassipes (ihyacinth yamanzi): Iintyatyambo ezimfusa ezihonjiswe kakhulu, nangona zithintelwe kwezinye iingingqi ngenxa yobume bayo obuhlaselayo.
• I-Trapa natans: Amagqabi eempawu; ukulinywa kwayo kuvunyelwe kumazwe aliqela; inketho efanelekileyo yokubonelela ngomthunzi.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye zezi ntlobo zinokuthintelwa ekuhlaleni ngenxa yesakhono sazo sokuhlasela. Soloko ujonga ukuba semthethweni kwindawo yakho phambi kokuba uthenge.

Izityalo zaselunxwemeni

Izityalo zaselunxwemeni okanye i-riparian ilungele ukwenza utshintsho lwendalo phakathi komda wechibi kunye nomyezo. Bafihla izinto ezenziweyo (ezifana neetarps okanye iimpompo) kunye nokunceda ukuzinzisa amathambeka kunye nokukhusela ekuboleni okunokwenzeka ngexesha lokutshintsha komgangatho wamanzi. Ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela yokudibanisa ezi zityalo kuyilo lwakho, bona zithini izityalo zasemanzini.

• Allium karataviense: Ngokufana nedandelion, ilungele imida kunye neendawo ezinomswakama.
• UCaltha palustris: Amagqabi aluhlaza amnyama kunye neentyatyambo ezityheli ezityheli, ezixhathisa kakhulu.
• Carex muskingumensis kunye neendidi ezifana C. pendula, C. riparia: Banikezela ngomthunzi kunye nokuthungwa, ukwenza i-clumps exineneyo.
• Minti yasemanzini: Amagqabi anevumba elimnandi kunye nepinki okanye iintyatyambo ze-lilac, ezigqwesileyo ngokubonelela ngevumba kunye nokutsala i-pollinators.
• Iprimula rosea: Ibalasele kwiintyatyambo zayo ezipinki ezomeleleyo, ezilungele ukongeza umbala.

Izityalo zomgxobhozo

Las izityalo zomgxobhozo Bahlala kwimida yemilambo, amachibi kunye neendawo ezikhukulayo. Banegalelo kwinguqu phakathi konxweme namanzi kwaye azikho emanzini ngokupheleleyo: zinokunyamezela ukuntywiliselwa ngokuyinxenye, kodwa zikwafuna ixesha kumhlaba ofumileyo, zingatshoni ngokusisigxina. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ukwahlula, sincoma indlela yokuqonda amagama ezityalo.

• ICyperus papyrus: Isiqu esithe tye kunye namagqabi amile okwenkwenkwezi, anokumelana nezinambuzane.
• I-arvense ye-Equisetum (umsila wehashe): Isiqu esiluhlaza esithe nkqo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90 cm ubude.
• sibirica iris: Intyatyambo emfusa ebonakalayo ecaleni kwemisinga namachibi.
• UTypha latifolia: Izikhonkwane eziBrown kunye namagqabi amade, asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimida emanzi.
• UJuncus (glauca, maritimus, inflexus): Imifuno eqinile enamagqabi amahle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimihlaba enamanzi.

Kungcono ukutyala ezi ntlobo kumhlaba ofumileyo kakhulu, kufutshane nedama okanye kumanzi angekho nzulu. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokufumana izityalo ze-riparian, unokutyelela ukukhangela izityalo zasemngciphekweni okanye ezisemdeni.

Izityalo ezinzulu zolwandle

Izityalo zolwandle olunzulu Zikhula ukusuka kubunzulu be-40 cm, zide zifikelele kwi-90 cm, kwaye ziyimfuneko kwi-oxygenation kunye nokulinganisela kwechibi. Ngobunzulu obucetyiswayo, dibana iintlobo zezityalo zasemanzini ezinzulu zolwandle.

• nymphaea (iinyibiba zamanzi): Iintyatyambo, ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neemilo, ngabadlali abaphambili kwiigadi zamanzi.
• UNelumbo nucifera (intyatyambo yelotus): Iyaziwa ngokuba ngumfuziselo wayo wokomoya kunye neentyatyambo zayo ezinkulu.

Ezi zityalo zidinga iindawo zamanzi azolileyo kunye nobunzulu obufanelekileyo kwiintlobo zazo ukuze zichume ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokunyamekela izityalo zasemanzini

Ukuqinisekisa impilo entle yezityalo zasemanzini kubandakanya ukulungisa imiba emininzi ebalulekileyo:

• Isubstrate efanelekileyo: Sebenzisa i-substrate ethile kwizityalo zasemanzini, uhlobo lodongwe olunzima ukuququzelela ukuhluma. Ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi i-substrate engcono, qhagamshelana iimpawu zesityalo sasemanzini.
• Ukukhanya kwelanga: Uninzi lufuna ukukhanya okukhanyayo ukwenza iphotosynthesis.
• CO2 kunye neeparamitha zamanzi: Ukugcina idosi echanekileyo ye-carbon dioxide kunye nokulawula i-pH, ukuqina kunye nezondlo kubalulekile.
• Ukupasa: Sebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi ezifanelekileyo kwizityalo zasemanzini, ngakumbi xa sele kukho ukukhanya okwaneleyo kunye ne-CO2.
• Ukuthenwa rhoqo: Susa amagqabi afileyo kwaye unqande ukusasazeka okugqithisileyo kweentlobo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Izityalo zasemanzini zivamise ukunyamezela ingqele kunobushushu obugqithisileyo, namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe 20°C kunye nama 26°C alungele intlobo ezininzi zezityalo.

Iindawo zokutyala echibini

Uyilo oluchanekileyo lwedama luqwalasela ubukho be iindawo zokulima ezintandathu, zilungelelaniswe kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeqela ngalinye lezityalo:

1. Indawo yonxweme: Izityalo ezikhula kumhlaba ofumileyo kwaye zenze inguqu yendalo emanzini.
2. Indawo yaseMarsh: Iintlobo ezinyamezela umhlaba omanzi kunye nobunzulu obuncinci.
3. Indawo enamanzi asezantsi: Izityalo ezineengcambu eziphantsi kwamanzi ukuya kuma-40 cm ngaphantsi komhlaba.
4. Indawo yamanzi anzulu: Indawo efanelekileyo yeenyibiba zamanzi kunye ne-lotus, apho ubunzulu busuka kwi-40 cm ukuya ngaphezu kwemitha.
5. Indawo yeoksijini: Indawo esembindini yezityalo ezicoca kunye neoksijini emanzini.
6. Indawo edadayo: Izityalo ezikumphezulu kufuneka zihlale ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sedama ukuvumela ukukhanya kudlule.

Ukuqeshwa kwe iingobozi ezithile Ukutyala kunye nokulawula ukukhula, ukuthenwa kukhuthazwa kakhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi. Oku kuthintela ukusasazeka okungalawulwayo kwaye kuququzelele ukugcinwa.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neZityalo zasemanzini kumachibi

Yeyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa zizityalo echibini?

Izityalo zasemanzini zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo: i-oxygen emanzini, ukufunxa izondlo kunye nokungcola, ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-algae kunye bonelela ngekhusi kwiintlanzi kunye ne-microfauna. Bakwanegalelo kubuhle kunye nebhayoloji ulungelelwaniso lokusingqongileyo emanzini.

Zeziphi iimeko ekufuneka izityalo zasemanzini zikhule?

Izityalo zasemanzini zifuna ikakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi, i-substrate eyaneleyo, izondlo (isichumisi), i-CO2 kunye namaqondo obushushu azinzileyoUninzi luphila kakuhle kumanzi acocekileyo, ajikeleza kakuhle kubushushu obuphakathi; banyamezela ingqele kunobushushu obugqithisileyo.

Kwivenkile yethu ungafumana izityalo zasemanzini zendalo ezikumgangatho obalaseleyo kunye nokutsha, ukulungele ukongeza ubomi kunye nombala echibini lakho, ichibi, ichweba, umthombo, itanki yofudo, okanye ichibi lendalo. Iqela lethu likubonelela iingcebiso zobungcali kunye nemathiriyeli ebanzi ngayo yonke iodolo: ukusuka kwiibhaskithi ezikhethekileyo, isichumisi, i-substrate, kunye negrabile, ukuya kwimiyalelo ecacileyo yokutyala ngempumelelo. Khumbula ukuba iiodolo zezityalo zithunyelwa ngoMvulo ukuya kutsho ngolwesiThathu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu lwemveliso kunye nokutsha.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iimpawu, Iintlobo, kunye neMizekeliso yeZityalo zasemanzini: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuChonga, ukuKhathalela, kunye nokuKhetha ezona ndidi zibalaseleyo zamachibi, iiGadi, kunye neNdalo.