El ukukhula iiertyisi embizeni Yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwabo bafuna ukonwabela oku kutya kumnandi kwaye kunesondlo ekhaya, nokuba banendawo encinci. Iiertyisi (IPisum sativum), ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-ertyisi okanye ii-ertyisi eziluhlaza, zezosapho lwe-legume kwaye zivelele kuzo aphezulu kwiprotheyini, iivithamini A kunye noC, kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo ekuphekeni kokubini kwiinkozo nakwizihluma.
Ixesha lokutyala ii-ertyisi?
Omnye wemiba esisiseko yempumelelo ekulimeni kukukhetha i ixesha lokutyala ezifanelekileyo. Ii-ertyisi zithanda ubushushu obupholileyo, ukutyala kufuneka kumiselwe ekwindla nasebusika, ukuthatha ithuba lokufuma kunye nokuphepha ukushisa okukhulu. Ukuba uhlwayela ekwindla, ukuvuna koba sentlakohlaza; ukuba uhlwayela ebusika, wovuna ehlotyeni.
Icebiso: Ukutyala kwangethuba kunceda ukunqanda ukudityaniswa kwezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo zezityalo, ezifana nentwala eluhlaza.
Indlela yokutyala ii-ertyisi embizeni?
- Isakhelo sokutyalaKwimbiza nganye, beka iimbewu ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 kumngxuma ngamnye kwaye uzigqume ngomhlaba oyi-3-4 cm. Ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo zokutyala, beka imbewu nge-15-30 cm ukuqelelana, ukuze kukhule ngendlela eyiyo.
- Ukuhlwayela ngqoIi-ertyisi zingahlwayelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-substrate ngaphandle kwesidingo seedbed.
- Ubunzulu kunye nendawo: Hlwayela kubunzulu be-2-4 cm kwaye ugcine umhlaba uhlala ufumile, kodwa ungaze ube namanzi.
- Umthamo wembiza: Ye uphuhliso olugqibeleleyo, sebenzisa izimbiza ezinomthamo ubuncinane iilitha ezili-19 kunye nokukhupha kakuhle.
Icebiso: Ukugquma umphezulu we-substrate ngoluhlu lweendiza okanye iphephandaba kunceda ukugcina umswakama kunye nemida yokunkcenkceshela.
Iindidi zee-ertyisi kwiimbiza
- UAlderman: Isityalo esinyukayo ukuya kwi-150 cm ubude. Imidumba emide (12 cm) kunye nembewu eyi-9-10 kwipod nganye. Ifuna staking.
- Lincoln-ganxo: Ikhula phakathi kwe-65 kunye ne-75 cm, kunye ne-9-10 cm ye-pods kunye ne-8-10 yeenkozo kwi-pod nganye. Ayingobude, kodwa inemveliso kakhulu.
- Vainon: Inokufikelela kwi-80-90 cm, phantse i-pods eqondileyo ukuya kwi-13 cm, kunye neenkozo ezinzima kakhulu.
- I-Tirabeque: Udidi olusicaba lwe pod olutyiwa luphelele, lucetyiswa kwabo bajonge ukusebenzisa kakhulu indawo yabo.
Ukhetho phakathi kweentlobo ze bulala phantsi okanye ukukhwela izityalo (trellises) kuya kuxhomekeka kubude kunye nendawo ekhoyo. Iindidi ezikhula kancinci zilungele iibhalkhoni kunye neeterras ezincinci, ngelixa abakhweli besebenzisa kakuhle indawo ethe nkqo, nangona bafuna inkxaso.
Iimfuno zokulinywa ngempumelelo kwee-ertyisi eziphothiweyo
- eLuzi: Bafuna indawo efumana ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6 zokukhanya okuthe ngqo ngosuku.
- InkqutyanaSebenzisa umxube we-peat, i-compost, okanye i-worm castings, kunye nesanti encinci yokufaka umoya kunye nokukhupha amanzi. I-pH kufuneka ibe ne-asidi kancinane (5,5-6,8).
- Amanzi: Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube rhoqo ukugcina ukufuma rhoqo, ngakumbi ngexesha leentyantyambo kunye nokujiya kweepod.
- temperaturaZikhula kakuhle phakathi kwe 15°C kunye ne 23°C. Ziqinile kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana neeqabaka ezikhanyayo, nangona ukuba kulindeleke iqabaka, kungcono ukubakhusela nge-thermal cover.
- Izondlo: Nangona ii-ertyisi zilungisa initrogen emhlabeni ngenxa yazo i-symbiosis kunye neentsholongwane ezingcanjini, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unikeze i-potassium ngexesha leentyantyambo kunye neziqhamo zokuphucula imveliso.
Icebiso: Musa ukulima iiertyisi kwindawo enye apho ezinye iimbotyi bezilinywe khona kwisizini edlulileyo.
Unxulumano oluluncedo kunye nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo
- Unxulumano oluhle: Isitshalo seqanda, i-broccoli, iklabishi, i-cauliflower, i-lettuce, i-corn, i-radish, i-carrot.
- Kuphephe ukutyala ecaleni: Igalikhi, itswele, imbotyi ebanzi, imbotyi eluhlaza, iitapile, ipepile, iliki, itumato.
Ukucwangcisa ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo kunye nemibutho ayithinteli kuphela izitshabalalisi, kodwa inegalelo ekusetyenzisweni ngcono kwezondlo kunye nendawo kwiigadi zasezidolophini.
Ukuntshula kwembewu: ukukhawulezisa inkqubo
Ukufumana enye ukuntshula ngokukhawuleza kunye neyunifomu, Gxuma imbewu emanzini iiyure ezingama-24 phambi kokuhlwayela. Oku kunciphisa ukusilela kokuntshula kunye nokuwohloka komngundo, nto leyo evumela ukuntshula kwezithole ezinamandla ngakumbi.
Inkxaso kunye nokugcinwa kwee-peas ezifakwe embizeni
Ngokukodwa kwiintlobo zokunyuka, ifakela abahlohli okanye uthungelwano ukuze izityalo zikwazi ukuzixhasa njengoko zikhula. Ii-ertyisi zivelisa i-tendrils, ezizisebenzisayo ukubambelela kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane. Kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkxaso izinzile kwaye inde ngokwaneleyo kwiindidi ozikhethayo.
Njengoko isityalo siqhubela phambili kumjikelezo waso, sigubungela i-substrate nge-mulching yendalo ukukhusela iingcambu, ukugcina ukufuma, kunye nokuthintela ukhuphiswano nokhula.
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo
- i-aphid eluhlaza: Uhlasela isityalo sonke, sisenza sibe sesichengeni; ilwa ngempumelelo kunye nesepha ye-potassium.
- i-ertyisi inundu: Iimopane zonakalisa iinkozo kwimidumba. Ukusetyenziswa kwe ioyile yemem y Bacillus thuringiensis kumanqanaba afanelekileyo.
- Sitone: Uqongqothwane onemibungu yosulela amaqhuqhuva eengcambu. Ukutyala kwangethuba kunceda ukukhusela ukubonakala kwayo.
- I-Powdery mildew kunye ne-anthracnoseIifungus ezichaphazela amandla kunye nemveliso. Bangaphathwa nge-horsetail okanye i-propolis extracts kunye nokukhuthaza umoya omhle.
Izifo eziphambili zisasazeka ngokufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nokungabikho kokujikeleza komoya. Ukugcina isityalo kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina iiertyisi
Ukuvunwa kweertyisi kuyahluka phakathi iinyanga ezimbini nezintathu emva kokuhlwayela, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye neemeko. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzivune xa imidumba ikhule kakuhle, iluhlaza, kwaye yomelele. Ukuba uvumela iipods zivuthwe kakhulu, iimbotyi ziya kulahlekelwa ubumnandi kunye nokuthamba. Ukusika kufuneka kwenziwe ngesikere ukuphepha ukonakalisa isityalo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuvuselele iintyatyambo ezintsha.
Ukuze uzigcine, unokwenza i-blanch kunye neqhwa. Imidumba ingasetyenziselwa kwipurees okanye kwi-compost.
Ukulima ii-ertyisi ezimbizeni lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwiigadi zasezidolophini ngenxa yokugcinwa kwazo okuphantsi, imveliso ephezulu, kunye nexabiso elikhulu lesondlo. Cwangcisa ukutyala kwakho ngobulumko, khetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwendawo yakho, unike inkxaso, kwaye ugcine ukufuma. Ngezi zikhokelo zokhathalelo olusisiseko, uya kufumana ii-ertyisi ezintsha. mnandi kwaye usempilweni ekhaya, ilungele ukutya ngokuthe ngqo okanye kwiiresiphi zakho ozithandayo.
