Kufuphi kakhulu kwindawo yaseLa Victoria eValladolid, umthi omkhulu ufihlwe, lowo uninzi lwabahlali abangazange bawubone kufutshane. Kunxweme lweCanal de Castilla spillway kumi ilitye lesikhumbuzo lesequoia eyaziwa ngokuba "I-Sequoia yaseLas Eras", enye yemithi ekhethekileyo kunye neyona midala kwisixekoUbungakanani bayo, imbali yayo kunye nokusingqongileyo okuyingqongileyo kuyenza ibe lilitye lokwenyani lebhotanical ngaphakathi kwendawo esele ingaqhelekanga.
Le colossus yeyodidi Sequoiadendron giganteumIintlobo ezifanayo njenge-sequoias enkulu eyaziwayo yaseCalifornia. E-Valladolid, kude nomhlaba wayo, lo mzekelo ukwazile ukuziqhelanisa kwaye ukhule ufikelele kwezinye Iimitha ezingama-38 ukuphakama kwaye malunga neemitha ezili-9 kwisangqa sesiqu esilinganiswe kumgangatho ophantsi, eyibeka phakathi kweyona mithi mikhulu nebalaseleyo kumasipala wonke.
I-Sequoia yaseLas Eras: i-giant efihliweyo ecaleni kweCanal de Castilla
Umnxeba I-Sequoia yaseLas Eras ibekwe ecaleni kwendlela yokuchitheka kweCanal de Castilla, kwindawo yaseLa Victoria.KuseValladolid. Ayikho kwisikwere esisembindini okanye kwipaki ephithizelayo, kodwa ikwikona enobulumko, ibonakala kuphela kwiindawo ezithile ngaselunxwemeni lomlambo. Le ndalo "ifihliweyo" ichaza ukuba kutheni, nangona ubukhulu bayo, abahlali abaninzi baseValladolid bengekayifumani.
Lo mzekelo ungowodidi Sequoiadendron giganteum, ilitye lesikhumbuzo le-conifer elihlala kwiintaba zaseSierra Nevada eCaliforniaKwindawo yayo yokuhlala yendalo inokugqithisa ngokulula i-80 yeemitha ukuphakama (jonga irekhodi ye Owona mthi mde ehlabathini) kwaye uphile iminyaka engamawaka aliqela. EValladolid, uqikelelo lubeka iminyaka yale sequoia ngeenxa zonke I-180-200 iminyaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zidalwa zidala ziphilayo esixekweni.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimilinganiselo yayo, idatha eqokelelwe kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ibonisa ukuba i-circumference ye-trunk, ethathwe kwi-0 yeemitha zobude, isondele 9 mitha (Idatha epapashwe kwi-2012 ngumsebenzisi uJotaErre). Lo mfanekiso uyibeka nje umthi oneperimeter enkulu kumasipala waseValladolid, nangaphezulu kwe-oki ye-holm, imisedare okanye eminye imizekelo yamagqala edweliswe njengeyodwa.
Umphakamo nawo uyamangalisa: kuzo zombini ngo-2012 kunye no-2016, umlinganiselo oqikelelweyo we 38 mithaNangona indlela esetyenziswe kule milinganiso ingachazwanga, ithathwa njengoqikelelo oluthembekileyo oluhambelana neembekiselo zeBhunga leSixeko ngokwalo, elithetha ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-35 ze-sequoias eyodwa yesixeko.
Kwezinye iikhathalogu kunye nogcino-lwazi lwemithi yesikhumbuzo, le sequoia ibonakala ichongiwe njenge "sequoia enkulu 27522"ireferensi yamanani eququzelela uluhlu lwayo kunye nokulandelela, kodwa ekusetyenzisweni okudumileyo kuye kwagqunywa ligama elivuselela ngakumbi Sequoia of Las Eras.
Umthi okhethekileyo kwimeko yemithi yesikhumbuzo yaseValladolid
IBhunga leSixeko saseValladolid linekhathalogu ye Imithi eyi-38 ekhethekileyo ithe saa kumbindi wedolophuLe mithi ibandakanyiwe kwiSicwangciso soPhuhliso lweDolophu ngokuBanzi (i-PGOU). Zikhuselwe ngenxa yobudala bazo, ubude, ukumila, okanye ukunqaba kwazo kwindawo yasezidolophini. Kolu luhlu lukhethiweyo, iisequoia zithatha indawo ekhethekileyo.
Edolophini kukho ubuncinane Iisequoia ezimbini ezibalaseleyo: enye ikwiCanal de Castilla, eLa Victoria, enye iseOveruela.Zombini zithathwa njengezilwanyana ezingezizo ezomthonyama, oku kuthetha ukuba azizalwanga kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, kodwa ziye zatyalwa kwaye zagcinwa ngenxa yexabiso labo elingaqhelekanga lokuhombisa kunye nebhotani. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani lijikeleza Baneminyaka engama-200 ubudala kwaye bangaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-35 ubude., ingena ngokugqibeleleyo kudidi "lomthi wesikhumbuzo".
I-sequoia kwiCanal de Castilla, ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo, owona mthi mkhulu eValladolid ukuba sidibanisa ubude kunye nesiqu se-circumferenceUbume bayo "njengesigebenga esiphantse sifihlwe" siyenza yahluke kwezinye iisampulu ezikhethekileyo zasezidolophini, zifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye zaziwa kuluntu ngokubanzi, njengomthi womnquma wamandulo kwiPlaza de Fuente Dorada okanye imisedare edumileyo ethe saa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixeko.
Ecaleni kwezi sequoias, ikhathalogu kamasipala ibandakanya imithi eyohlukeneyo njenge Imisedare yaseLebhanon, iginkgos, imisipres, i-oki eholm, iipopulari ezimnyama, imithi emikhulu, imithi yehackberry, okanye umthi weyew obethayo kwiOld Bullring.Uninzi lwazo ludlula i-20-25 yeemitha ukuphakama okanye ukufikelela kwiminyaka esondele kwinkulungwane, kwaye nangaphezulu kwezinye iimeko.
Phakathi kwawo onke loo magqala adumileyo, iSequoia yaseLas Eras ibalasele ngakumbi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: imvelaphi yayo engaqhelekanga, ubude bayo, ububanzi obumangalisayo besiqu sayo, kunye nendawo ekuyo imilambo ecaleni kweCanal de Castilla, ebonelela ngobuhle obukhethekileyo kwesi sityalo icolossus.
Eminye imithi ephawulekayo eValladolid: hambahamba kwisixeko esiluhlaza
Umthi okwiCanal de Castilla awukho wedwa kwimephu yemithi ekhethekileyo eValladolid. Ubuncwane besixeko ingqokelela eyothusayo yeesampulu ezimangalisayo ezisasazwe kuzo zonke izikwere, iipaki kunye neendlela, uninzi lwazo aluphawulwa ngabo bangazijongi kakuhle.
Enye yezona zaziwa kakhulu yi Umthi womnquma weFuente Dorada, etyalwe kwindawo esembindini ngexesha lokulungiswa kowe-1998. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ijikeleze Iminyaka eyi-100Nangona sele isiwe kwenye indawo, iingcambu zayo ezineenkulungwane zakudala ziyaqhubeka ukuyondla kanye kumbindi wesixeko, apho iye yaba yindawo ephawulekayo kwaye okuphela komnquma odweliswe njengowodwa liBhunga leSixeko.
Hayi kude, nangona sele ungaphandle kweziko lembali, omnye umnquma obalaseleyo ubonakala kwi UJuan Carlos I Promenade, kufutshane neSegovia AvenueLe kopi inika imbeko kuyo UJaime Gómez, “ubhishophu waseDelicias” owaziwayo.umntu othandwa kakhulu ebumelwaneni. Ukongeza kwezi meko zimbini zemifuziselo, amaqela omnquma angabonwa kwiindawo ezifana amathambeka eLas Contiendas okanye eNueva del Carmen street, nangona ngaphandle kweqondo lobunye bolawulo analo uFuente Dorada.
Kudidi lwe-conifer, oku kulandelayo kubalaseleyo: “Abazalwana Ababini”, igama eyaziwa ngalo Imithi emibini yemisedare ephakathi kweThala leencwadi laseCastile kunye neLeón kunye necawa yaseSan NicolásNangona belingana ngeminyaka yobudala, kuqikelelwa ukuba baphakathi Iminyaka ye-70 kunye ne-90, uphuhliso lwabo alufani: iphezulu ifikelela phantse 25 mithaEnye iimitha ezimbalwa ngaphantsi, ngelixa enye iimitha ezimbalwa ngaphantsi, ibanika ukubonakala okumangalisayo "amawele angalingani".
Omnye umthi owothusayo ngokunqaba kwawo ngulo UGingo waseCampo Grande, eyeentlobo Ginkgo bilobaAyiyona inde okanye eyona indala epakini (ijikeleze Iminyaka engama-20 kunye neemitha ezili-11), kodwa yenye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu kwimbono yesayensi: yiyo Ekuphela kweentlobo eziphilayo zodidi lweGinkgopsida, kunye nobukho kwirekhodi yefosili eqala emva malunga ne-290 yezigidi zeminyaka.Udla ngokuchazwa njengoyinyani “ifosili ephilayo”, inzala yemithi eyabelana ngendalo kunye needinosaurs.
Kwi-Old Bullring, enye yeekona ezithandekayo zesixeko, a umthi weyew onesakhiwo esikhethekileyoNgokungafaniyo neminye imithi enesiqu esichazwe ngokucacileyo, lo mzekelo ubonakala uvela ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni amagqabi adityanisiweyo kunye namasebeIphawuleka ngembewu yayo ebomvu, efakwe kwi-arils yenyama esebenza njengesilumkiso setyhefu yayo. Lo mthi weyew ukhula ujikeleze Iminyaka engama-50 kwaye ifikelela malunga neemitha ezili-11, kwaye uye waba ngumlinganiswa othuleyo wale ntendelezo yembali.
Uluhlu lwemithi ephawulekayo eValladolid ikwabandakanya iintlobo ezivela kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo okanye engaselunxwemeni, njenge imithi yesundu emikhulu evela eLas Moreras, nabanye I-12 yeemitha ubude kwaye isondele kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala, okanye umntu odumileyo Umsedare waseLebhanon eSt, malunga Iminyaka eyi-90 kunye neemitha ezingama-20, idume ngeempawu zayo zepinecones eziyi-ovoid. Ezi zidityaniswa ngu a Umthi wefir ophawulekayo kwiCampo Grande, ejikelezileyo I-30 yeemitha ubude kunye nekhulu leminyaka ubudala, kwaye inomdla I-elm yaseSiberia eLas Moreras, phantse Iminyaka eyi-80 kunye neemitha ezingama-24, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
ICanal de Castilla: Ipaseji eluhlaza kunye nendawo yokusabela yezinto eziphilayo
Ngaphandle kwe-sequoia, iCanal de Castilla ngokwayo i Ipaseji yendalo eyinyani eyenza umqolo weTierra de Campos landscapeNgeekhilomitha ezingama-207 ubude, ibaleka kumathafa amakhulu anqamlezileyo kwaye ibe sisixhobo sobomi apho iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezimangalisayo zigxile, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokusingqongileyo kwezolimo.
Ngaphandle kokwelula kokuqala, kufutshane IAlar del Rey (Palencia), apho umjelo ufikelela kumathambeka elitye lekalika ePeña AmayaUninzi lwendlela ihamba kumhlaba othe tyaba, kunye nomphakamo opheleleyo umahluko I-100-140 yeemitha phakathi kokuqala kunye nokuphelaLo mthambeka uthambileyo ubangela ukuba amanzi ahambe kancinci, eyona meko ifanelekileyo... Umgxobhozo kunye nezityalo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi zihlala kwiibhanki kwaye ukuze amahlathi okwenene asecaleni komlambo enze.
Ngokujikeleze umlambo, oku kulandelayo kuphuhliswa amahlathi egalari kunye nemithi esecaleni komlambo ezikhapha indlela yomjelo. Ezi nkqubo zezityalo eziselunxwemeni ziyachaza ubukhulu becala iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezichongiweyo kwindlela yayoNangona kungekho luhlu lubanzi, iingcali zezityalo nezilwanyana ziqikelela ukuba inani leentlobo zezityalo linokubakho. 1.000.
Nangona kunjalo, imbonakalo yomhlaba ayizange ihlale ingatshintshi. Uninzi lwe Imithi eyayityalwe ekuqaleni elunxwemeni lomjelo iye yagawulwa ngokuhamba kwexeshaukuze amanye amacandelo angabinasigqubuthelo somthi. Nangona kunjalo, amacandelo amaninzi agcinwe kakuhle ahlala apho Uhlaza oluselunxwemeni luhlala luchumile kwaye lwahlukene, ukusingathwa kwemithi ekhulileyo, amatyholo, izityalo zasemanzini kunye nobomi bezilwanyana obunzima.
Kwiindawo ezithile, njenge UMelgar waseFernamentalUmjelo uye waba ngumxholo wokufunda kunye nokuqokelelwa kolwazi lwendawo ngabahlali abazaziyo iibhanki zayo ngokusondeleyo. Omnye umzekelo ngumsebenzi we UClaudio Gutiérrez "iCanon"Wazalwa ngowe-1928, waqalisa ukubhala amagama ezityalo ezininzi, umngundo, kunye nezilwanyana ezinxulumene neCanal de Castilla neendawo eziyingqongileyo, ukuze loo nkumbulo yendalo yayingayi kulahleka ngokudlula kwezizukulwana.
Imithi esecaleni komlambo yeCanal de Castilla kunye nendawo ejikelezileyo yeValladolid
Kwiindonga zeCanal de Castilla, kwaye ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zamanzi zendawo, zibonakala intlaninge yemithi efana nonxweme lwemilambo namathafa akhukulayoUninzi lwezi ntlobo zifumaneka kweminye imilambo yeMeseta. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo ziindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zemithi yomngcunube, imingcunube, nemithi yothuthu, ehamba nomtamariske, amakhiwane, neminye imithi yeziqhamo zasendle.
Kuqhelekile ukufumana phakathi kweepopulari ipoplar emnyama (UPopulus nigra) kunye nepoplar emhlophe (populus alba), ukongeza kulowo waziwa ngokuba yi-gray poplar okanye i-gray poplar, Iipopu zecanescensI-poplar emhlophe iyamangalisa kakhulu ngenxa yomahluko phakathi kwendawo engaphezulu eluhlaza eluhlaza kumagqabi ayo kunye nomzantsi ogqunywe ngokumhlophe phantsi. Enyanisweni, ecaleni kwamacandelo athile eCamino de Santiago, kufuphi neCanal de Castilla, iphawulwe. ipoplar emhlophe njengenye yezona ntlobo zeempawu zonxweme lomlambo, ekwaziyo ukufikelela malunga neemitha ezili-25 kunye nokuzinzisa iibhanki kunye neengcambu zayo.
Los umngcunube (Salix alba, S. fragilis, S. atrocinerea, S. salviifolia, S. purpurea) Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yala mahlathi aselunxwemeni. Omnye wazo, I-Salix atrocinereaIkwakhankanywa kwizikhokelo zeCamino de Santiago ngenxa yobukho bayo elunxwemeni lomlambo njengaleyo yoMlambo i-Ega, kodwa imele imilambo emininzi yaseCantabrian kunye neMeseta. Ngokwembali, imingcunube ibisetyenziswa ukufumana... isalicin kwixolo layo, isandulela sesalicylic acid ene-analgesic kunye ne-anti-inflammatory properties, kunye namasebe ayo amancinci asetyenzisiweyo ibhasikithi kunye nokhuseleko lomlambo.
Ezi nxweme zomlambo zikwahlala kwimithi efana nemithi Uthuthu olunamagqabi amxinwa (Fraxinus angustifolia), i elm (Ulmus omncinci), i ialder (UAlnus glutinosa), i tamariz (UTamarix gallica y I-tamarix yaseAfrika), la umkhiwane (UFicus carica) okanye iwalnut (IiJuglans zerali), ehamba neentlobo ezifana ne umthi wealmond (Amygdalus ukomanisi), la ukuziphatha (UMorus nigra) okanye i-acerola (ICrataegus azarolus)Lo mxube wemithi yasendle kunye nemithi yeziqhamo zasendle iyadala imosaic eyahluke kakhulu esebenza njengekhusi kunye nokutya kweentaka, izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye nezinye izilwanyana.
Kwidolophu yaseValladolid, ukongeza kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomlambo, imithi ekwiipaki kunye nasezitalatweni ibandakanya ulwahlulo olukhulu. imithi yokuhombisa evela kwihlabathi jikeleleUluhlu lukamasipala lukhankanya iintsapho ezinje Ginkgoaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Aceraceae, Oleaceae kunye nabanye abaninzi, kunye neentlobo ezifana I-ginkgos, i-firs, i-Atlas kunye nemisedare yaseLebhanon, i-firs yaseSpain, ipineyini yamatye kunye ne-holm oak, i-sequoias sempervirens, i-cypress, i-thujas, i-birches, i-hornbeams, i-mulberries, i-magnolias, imithi yendiza, i-maple, i-lindens, i-elms eqinile, imithi ye-hackberry, imithi ye-rowan okanye i-chestnut imithi,.
Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zisetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yazo: ezinye zigcinelwe iipaki kunye neendawo eziluhlaza (ezibhalwe “P” kuluhlu lwempahla)ngelixa ezinye zijoliswe ngokuyintloko Imithi yesitalato (ephawulwe njenge "C")Ukongeza, imithi ethile iphawulwe njenge yaziswa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, yaye babelwa umlinganiselo wobuninzi obususela kwimizekelo ekhethekileyo (1) ukusa kwizinto ezixhaphake kakhulu (3), ngaloo ndlela benceda ekucwangciseni ukuhlukahlukana nokulungelelana kwemithi yasezidolophini.
Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezinxulumene neCanal de Castilla: inkumbulo yendalo yaseMelgar
Ukwahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kwiCanal de Castilla akupheleliselwanga kwimithi yayo yesikhumbuzo. Kwezinye iindawo ecaleni kwendlela yayo, njengakwi UMelgar waseFernamentalUmzamo ophawuleka kakhulu wenziwa ukuba bhala ifauna kunye nezityalo ezinxulumene nomjeloKwiimeko ezininzi, oku kusekelwe kulwazi lwemveli oluqokelelwe ngabahlali abaye baphila ubomi babo bonke ecaleni kwamanzi ayo.
Le sele ikhankanyiwe UClaudio Gutiérrez "iCanon"Wazalwa ngo-1928 eMelgar, wagqiba ekubeni aqokelele amagama abhalwe kwisicatshulwa - uninzi lwawo ludumileyo okanye lulwimi lwasekuhlaleni. izityalo, umngundo, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, izirhubuluzi, iintlanzi, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezingenamqolo awayeyiqwalasele kangangamashumi eminyaka kulo mjelo nakwiindonga zawo. Injongo yakhe yayicacile: ukuba le ngqokelela yayingayi kulahleka kwaye iya kuhlala ifumaneka kuye nabani na oziva efuna ukwazi ngobume bendawo.
Kuluhlu lwabo lwe izityalo kunye namayeza iintlobo zivela ezifana iielms, poplars, holm oak, brambles, blackthorns, hawthorns, rosehips, ash tree, thyme, clover, nettles, poppies, heathers, rushes, sedges, iingcongolo, i-oats zasendle. kunye noluhlu olude lwamanye amagama asekuhlaleni, amaninzi awo anxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwemveli okanye iimpawu zemorphological. Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo ezininzi amakhowa atyayo ezinxulunyaniswa namakhakakhaka, iipopulari okanye iindawo ezitshisayo.
Ngokuphathelele izilwanyana, uGutiérrez uyahlula phakathi izilwanyana ezincancisayo (ihagu zasendle, ixhama, umvundla, umvundla, impungutye, i<em>weasel, i<em>marten, ingcuka, njl. njl.) ezanyisayo zasemanzini (iotter, mink, impuku yamanzi), izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi (amasele, amaxoxo, iinyoka, amacikilishe), intlanzi (i-trout, i-barbel, i-tench, i-chub kunye nezinye) kunye nomelo oluninzi lwe iintaka zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni.
Phakathi iintaka zasemanzini ukhankanya iintlobo ezifana i-cormorant, amadada, amarhanisi, iicoots, i-kingfisher, i-heron, i-osprey, i-moorhen neentaka ngeengcongolo, ngoxa phakathi iintaka zasemhlabeni ibalula ukusuka Ukususela kwi-bustards kunye nengwamza ukuya kwizagwityi, ii-partridges, izikhova, izikhova, amaxhalanga, iikayiti, iinyosi, i-goldfinches, i-thrushes, i-nightingales okanye amalulwane, eyila umzobo wendalo obanzi ngokwenene.
Kuzo zonke ezi zinto zongezwa zininzi izinambuzane, i-mollusks, i-annelids kunye ne-centipedesAmabhabhathane, iimpukane, ooqongqothwane, iinyosi, oonomeva, oohlabamanzi, amakhalane, iintshulube, iileeches, oononkala, ooonomeva, oohlabamanzi, nabanye abaninzi. Olu luhlu lucokisekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba umjelo ayisosiseko sembali sokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuthutha, kodwa kwakhona. i-ecosystem enzima ngokwenene, enamanqanaba amaninzi etrophic kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo.
Ixabiso lenkcubeko kunye nendalo yemithi emikhulu: ukusuka kwi-yew yakudala ukuya kwi-Canal sequoia
I-Sequoia yaseLas Eras yinxalenye yesithethe esibanzi Imithi yayihlonelwa yaye ixatyiswa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ubudala bayo, okanye imbali yayoKwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseSpeyin, kukho imizekelo emangalisayo yemithi yamandulo egciniweyo, njengaleyo idumileyo imithi yew yeeNtaba zeCantabrian okanye amahlathi e<em>yew aye asinda ukudlula iinkulungwane.
El yew eqhelekileyo (taxus baccata) Ngumthi onembali enika umdla. I-conifer ethi, kwiindawo ezithile ze-Peninsula yase-Iberia, iifom amahlathi anomthunzi kakhulu phakathi kwe-1.300 kunye ne-1.500 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandleapho ingavumeli ezinye iintlobo ukuba zikhule ngaphantsi komthunzi wayo. Ookhokho bayo bakhula eYurophu ixesha elide. malunga nezigidi ezili-15 zeminyakaKwaye iifom ezifanayo sele zikhona xa iidinosaur zisahamba emhlabeni ngexesha lokutshintsha ukusuka kwiJurassic ukuya kwixesha leCretaceous, malunga. I-140 yezigidi zeminyaka.
Ngokwenkcubeko, umthi we-yew uvuse kakhulu ukuhlonelwa njengoloyikoKwi-Celtic druids yayingumthi ongcwele, kodwa ubutyhefu bayo buyenze yaduma kakubi: abantu bakudala. I-Astures kunye neCantabrians bayisebenzisela ukuzibulala kunokuba babanjwe.Kwaye kuthiwa i-Numantians isebenzise i-infusions yeziqhamo zayo ezibomvu kwi-133 BC ukuphepha ukulawulwa kwamaRoma. Imizekelo yayo isekho nanamhlanje. phakathi kweminyaka engama-1.500 ukuya kwengama-2.000 kwiindawo ezifana neSierra de Guadarrama okanye umthi odumileyo weyew waseBermiego (Asturias).
Enye yezona ensembles ezimangalisayo yi Tejeda de Tosande, e Palenciaapho phantse Imithi ye-yew engama-800 kwintlambo yeentabaLe enclave, ibandakanywe kwiFuentes Carrionas kunye neFuente Cobre-Montaña Palentina Natural Park, ibe yenye olona khenketho lucetyiswayo lwendalo kwiphondoUkufika apho kubandakanya ukuwela i-holm oak kunye namahlathi e-oki, ukunyuka umwonyo kunye nokufikelela kwindawo evulekileyo enemibono ngaphambi kokungena kwihlathi le-yew ngokwayo.
Ukukhusela le ecosystem, ifakiwe indlela yokuhamba ngamaplanga apho umendo wokugqibela uqhuba, ukunciphisa ukunyathelwa kunye nomonakalo othe ngqo kwiingcambu. Izinto ezifana izinga lokuzala eliphantsi lomthi we-yewUkhuphiswano oluvela kwimithi efana ne-beeches okanye ukukhangela ngexhama kunye ne-roe deer kwihlumela labo lenza ulawulo olucokisekileyo luyimfuneko ukuba ukusinda kwezi zityalo zamandulo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe.
Kule meko, ezinye iintlobo zehlathi nazo zixutywe, ezifana holm oak, sessile oki, Pyrenean oak, beeches, holly, hawthorns, rowns kunye nemithi hazelkunye nentyatyambo encinci ebandakanya iiorchids, idandelions, i-liverworts, kunye nezinye izityalo eziphantsi. Izilwanyana ziquka amaxhama, iihagu zasendle, i-dormice, iimartens, kwaye ngamaxesha akhethekileyo, iibhere ezimdaka zaseCantabriankonke oku phantsi kwendiza ye iintaka ezimnyama, iithrushes, ii-warbler, ii-woodpeckers eziphakathi kunye nezincinci, amaxhalanga, amaxhalanga okanye amaxhalanga amafutshane.
Ukuhambelana phakathi kwe I-Tejeda de Tosande kunye neSequoia yaseLas Eras Kucacile: zombini zimele ehlala ixesha elide kunye nemithi emikhulu kwindawo yaseCastile naseLeónNangona zihluke kakhulu kwaye zineembali ezihluke kakhulu. Ngelixa imithi ye-yew iyinzalelwane kwaye yenza amaplanga amandulo, i-sequoia luhlobo olungaqhelekanga oluvela phesheya kolwandle oluye lwenziwa. uphawu lwelifa lemveli lemithi yasedolophini yaseValladolid kunye nobutyebi bendalo obunxulunyaniswa neCanal de Castilla.
Ukuhamba ecaleni komjelo kunye nokuma phambi kweSequoia yaseLas Eras, okanye ukucinga ngeminye imithi ekhethekileyo yeValladolid, umntu uyazi Ingaba ezi zityalo zinkulu kangakanani na ziyinxalenye yenkumbulo yethu ehlangeneyo kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ezigcina ubomi basezidolophini nabasemaphandleni?Ukubakhusela, ukuqhelana nabo, kunye nokuzonwabela ngentlonipho yindlela elula nenamandla yokugcina ikhonkco phakathi kwesixeko, imbonakalo yomhlaba, kunye nendalo esingqongileyo iphila.
