Jonga ilizwe le Ipasifora, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-passionflowers, kukufumanisa enye yezona ntsapho zinomdla kunye nezityalo eziluhlaza kwibhotani. Ezi zityalo zinyukayo, kunye neentyantyambo zazo ezahlukileyo kunye neziqhamo ezimangalisayo, zibonelela ngombono wendalo okhethekileyo kunye neenzuzo ezininzi kwabo bakhetha ukuzikhulisa ekhaya okanye egadini. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda ngakumbi ngabo. Indlela yokunyamekela izityalo zePassiflora, iintlobo zayo eziphambili, iimfuno zokukhanya, amanzi, umhlaba, ukuthena, ukusabalalisa, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Konke kusekelwe kolona lwazi lubanzi, luqinisekisiweyo, luphuculwe ngeengcebiso zeengcali kunye neenkcukacha ezisebenzayo.
Yintoni iPassiflora okanye iPassion Flower?
La Ipasifora Ludidi lwezityalo olubandakanya malunga Iindidi ezingama-400 ezahlukeneyo, abakhweli abakhula ngokukhawuleza, baxatyiswa ngobuhle babo kunye nokuxhathisa. Eyona idumileyo ukulima zokuhombisa kunye namayeza yi I-Pasiflora caerulea o passionflower blue, nangona abanye nabo begqamile, njenge Passiflora edulis (isiqhamo somdla) okanye IPassiflora incarnata (intyatyambo yothando yonyango).
Ezi zityalo zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi iindawo ezishushu kunye neendawo ezishushu zaseMelika, nangona ezinye iintlobo (ezifana ne-caerulea) zibonisa ukukwazi okumangalisayo ukuqhelana nemimandla yemozulu ebandayo, ngaphandle kokuba zinikwe inkathalo efanelekileyo.
Su isakhiwo seentyatyambo Ikhethekile kwaye intsonkothile, inamacembe, i-sepals, i-corona ene-filamentous, kunye namalungu okuzala alungelelaniswe ngendlela ekhangayo nesebenzayo. Ngokwesiko, intyatyambo iye yadityaniswa neentsingiselo ezifuziselayo, kwaye igama layo eliqhelekileyo, "intyatyambo yothando," linxulunyaniswa nokutolikwa kwezenkolo ngabanqobi baseSpain, ababonayo kwi-morphology ebhekiselele kwizinto zothando lukaKristu.
Iintlobo eziphambili zePassiflora kunye nokungafani kwazo
- I-Pasiflora caerulea
Ibalasele ngeentyantyambo zayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namhlophe, ukuxhathisa kwayo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kunye nokulula kwayo ukulima. Ilungele iigadi ezinemozulu epholileyo. - Passiflora edulis
Eyaziwa ngokuvelisa iziqhamo zothando, isiqhamo esiswiti esixatyiswe kakhulu ukuba sisetyenziswe okanye ijusi. Iintyatyambo zayo zimhlophe kwaye zimfusa. - IPassiflora incarnata
Ngokwemveli isetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango kwiimpawu zayo zokuphumla, iintyatyambo zayo ezimfusa, ezivumba zivumbayo. - Ipasiflora vitifolia
Ibalasele kumagqabi ayo abomvu, alungele abo bafuna imvelaphi kwiigadi zetropikhi.
Ezinye iintlobo ezingaxhaphakanga kangako, kodwa ezibetha ngokulinganayo, ziquka i Passiflora ligularis (granadilla), ixatyiswe ngeziqhamo zayo ezihlaziyayo, kunye ne Passiflora alata, neentyatyambo ezinkulu ezipinki.
Iimpawu ze-morphological kunye ne-biological
Las Ipasifora unyana ukunyuka kwezityalo abayisebenzisayo iitrili (izitho eziqengqelekayo eziphuhla emagqabini) ukubamba kunye nokukhwela iingcingo, i-pergolas, iindonga, okanye ii-trellises. Zikhula ngamandla, kwaye zinokufikelela ngokulula kwiimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 ubude.
Las amagqabi de la I-Pasiflora caerulea Zihlala ixesha elide, ziyatshintshana, zinelobe ezinzulu kunye nombala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza, oqinisekisa ubukho bohombiso unyaka wonke, nakwimozulu epholileyo. Iintyatyambo zivela ikakhulu ukusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla, nangona kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo banokutyatyamba phantse unyaka wonke.
Emva kweentyatyambo, ezinye iintlobo zivelisa iziqhamo ngohlobo lwe iqanda okanye iglobose capsules umbala oqaqambileyo (orenji, omfusa, omthubi) onokutyiwa okanye uhombise nje. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iziqhamo ze Passiflora edulis y Passiflora ligularis Zezona zixatyiswa kakhulu ukuba zisetyenziswe.
Iimfuno zobushushu
Enye yeenzuzo ze I-Pasiflora caerulea Kukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokubanda, ukuba rustic ngakumbi kunezinye zohlobo lwayo. Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo okushisa angaphantsi kwe-zero degrees kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, ukunyamezela iqabaka epholileyo kwaye engaqhelekangaNangona kunjalo, izityalo ezincinci zifuna ukukhuselwa kwingqele enzima. Ebudeni beenyanga ezifudumeleyo, ukukhula kwazo kukhawuleza kwaye kunamandla.
Ebusika, ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kunye nokuphepha ukuchumisa kunceda isityalo singene kwi-dormancy kwaye sinyamezele ngcono amaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ukwenzela ezinye iintlobo zetropikhi ezingenamandla, njenge Passiflora edulis kunye neentlobo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi, ukulima ngaphakathi okanye kwi-greenhouse kuyacetyiswa ukuba imozulu iyabanda.
Kunconywa ukubeka i-passifloras kwiindawo ezinelanga ezikhuselweyo kwimimoya enamandla, ngakumbi kwimimandla apho iqhwa lixhaphake.
Ukukhanya: Uyibeka njani iPassiflora ngokufanelekileyo
La ukukhanya ibalulekile ekuchumeni kweentyatyambo kunye nempilo entle. Ipasifora uyaphumelela ukuze ilanga elipheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba iintyatyambo zaso zifumana ukucaca kwaye isityalo sihlala sinamagqabi. Nangona iyanyamezela semi-isithunziIngakumbi kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo zesitiya, ukunqongophala kokukhanya kunciphisa kakhulu iintyatyambo kwaye kuthanda ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwamahlamvu kunokuveliswa kweentyatyambo.
Ukuba ikhulele ngaphakathi, a indawo ekhanyayo kakhulu ecaleni kweefestile ezinkulu Kubalulekile. Kuphephe ukuba kufutshane nemithombo yobushushu, efana neeradiyetha, izitovu, kunye nezifudumezi, ezinokumisa indalo.
Indawo: Ngaphandle, ngaphakathi kunye nembiza
Las Ipasifora zilungele zona iigadi zangaphandle, ngakumbi xa benokuqeqeshwa kwiindonga, iingcingo, i-pergolas, okanye nayiphi na indawo ethe nkqo. Ngombulelo kwi-tendrils yabo, bazimisele ngokuqinileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza, benza amakhethini amagqabi ohlaza kunye nokugubungela izakhiwo ezingathandekiyo.
Zingakhuliswa ngaphakathi iimbiza zeentyatyambo okanye iiplanti ezinkulu, ezenza kube lula ukuhamba kunye nokukhusela kumaqondo aphantsi okanye iimeko ezimbi. Ngaphakathi, zikhula kakuhle nje ukuba zibonelelwe ngobuninzi bokukhanya kwendalo kunye nokufuma, ukuphepha iindawo ezomileyo.
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe isikhongozeli esikhulu (ubuncinci iilitha ezingama-40 kwisampulu yabantu abadala) kwaye utyebise i-substrate, ngokuqhubekayo utshintshele kwiimbiza ezinkulu njengoko isityalo sikhula.
Iimpawu zomhlaba kunye ne-substrate
El umgangatho ngokufanelekileyo kwi-passifloras kufuneka ichumile, inzulu kwaye ichithwe kakuhle, ineasidi kancinane okanye ingathathi hlangothi. Bakhetha imihlaba etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nezichumisile kakuhle, kodwa kungekhona ngokugqithiseleyo, okuya kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagqabi ngeendleko zeentyatyambo.
- Yegadi: Dibanisa i-compost esele ikhulile, igalelwe iintshulube okanye umgquba obole kakuhle kwaye udibanise nomhlaba wegadi kunye nesanti ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya.
- Yembiza: Xuba inxalenye e-1 ye-peat, inxalenye enye ye-compost okanye i-humus, inxalenye e-1 yesanti yomlambo kunye ne-1 inxalenye yomhlaba ongaphezulu okanye i-mulch ekhululekile.
Kuphephe ukugcwala amanzi okanye umhlaba onomdongwe kakhulu, njengoko ubangela ukubola kweengcambu. I-substrate ekhululekile, etyebileyo iququzelela ukukhula okunempilo kwaye ikhuthaze iintyatyambo.
Ukunkcenkceshela: Ukuphindaphinda kunye neengcebiso eziphambili
El ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka ibekhona ixhaphakile ngexesha lokukhula neentyantyambo (entlakohlaza ukuya ekuqaleni kokwindla), ukugcina i-substrate isoloko ifumile kancinane kodwa ingenazikhukhula. Kukhethwa ukuba amanzi kwakusasa okanye ngorhatya ngexesha lemozulu eshushu, ukuphepha ukumanzisa rhoqo amagqabi neentyatyambo ukuthintela ukungunda.
- Ngexesha leenyanga ezibandayo, nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ukuya kubuncinci obuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukomisa ngokupheleleyo, njengoko isityalo singena kwi-dormancy yezityalo.
- Kwizitiya ezikwimozulu eyome kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha amagqabi anenkungu anyusa ukufuma kwaye ancede ukuthintela izitshabalalisi.
Amanzi amaninzi okanye ukugcwala kwamanzi kunokubangela ukubola kweengcambu kunye namagqabi abe tyheli. Kunconywa ukuba uhlolisise umhlaba ngomnwe wakho: ukuba iisentimitha ezimbalwa eziphezulu zomile, lixesha lokusela amanzi.
Ukuchumisa nokuchumisa
El Umbhalisi Ukuchumisa rhoqo kubalulekile ukugcina amandla kunye neentyantyambo ze-passifloras. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi zezityalo ezidubulayo Rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini entlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, zixutywe kumanzi okunkcenkceshela. Kubalulekile ukulandela iidosi ezicetyiswayo zomenzi ukuphepha ukugqithisa.
- Ziphephe izichumisi ezinenitrogen eninzi, njengoko zikhetha amagqabi kodwa zingadubuli.
- Isichumisi se-NPK esinokulinganisela kunye ne-phosphorus eyandisiweyo kunye ne-potassium ikhuthaza iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye neziqhamo.
- Kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo, ukudibanisa izinto eziphilayo ngaphambi kokutyala kunye nokuhlaziya i-substrate yomhlaba ngamnye ngonyaka kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kophuhliso oluhle.
Ukuthena nokugcina
La ukuthena Oku kungundoqo ekulawuleni ukukhula ngamandla kwentyatyambo yothando, ngakumbi ukuba ikhuliswe kwiindawo ezinyiniweyo okanye ezimbizeni. Emva kokutyatyamba, sika izikhondo ezivelise iintyatyambo zibe ngamathupha amabini ukuya kwamathathu ngaphantsi kwe-inflorescence. Oku kukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwamahlumela amatsha kunye namasebe esityalo.
Kwimizekelo emidala kakhulu okanye ephazamisekileyo, a ukuhlaziywa ngokuthena Ukuthena kungenziwa ngokususa esona siqu sidala kwaye sibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthenwa okuqatha kufuneka kuthintelwe, njengoko kukhuthaza ukugqithiswa kwamahlamvu ngendleko yokudubula kweentyatyambo kangangexesha elithile.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubandakanya ukususa amagqabi afileyo, ukulawula iitendril ezihlasela iindawo ezingafunwayo, kunye nokuncamathisela amasebe amatsha kwizixhaso.
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo
I-Passionflowers inokuchatshazelwa zizinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo, nangona zihlala zixhathisa ukuba zigcinwe zisempilweni kwaye zikwimeko efanelekileyo.
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Ibonakala ngakumbi kwindawo eyome kakhulu neshushu. Ibangela amachokoza akhanyayo kunye nokujika kombala emagqabini. Ithintelwa ngokutshiza amanzi emagqabini ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kunye nokugcina ukufuma.
- Zintwala: Ifumaneka ngaphantsi kwamagqabi kunye neziqu ezithambileyo, ukondla kwincindi kunye nokusasaza iintsholongwane. Ubukho bayo bukwathanda uphuhliso lokungunda kwe sooty. Kwimeko yohlaselo, isepha ye-potassium, i-oyile ye-neem, okanye izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji zingasetyenziswa.
- Indlu yomthiEzi zinambuzane zitya kwaye zikhupha incindi kwisityalo siphela kwaye zikhupha umbethe wobusi, nto leyo ekwathanda ukungunda okungenelelayo. Kubalulekile ukujonga kwaye unyange kwangoko ngeemveliso ezithile ze-oyile esekwe kwiminerali okanye izisombululo zebhayoloji zemealybugs.
- Ezinye izitshabalalisi ngamaxesha athile: I-slugs, iinkumba kunye neembungu zinokuhlasela amahlumela amancinci kunye namagqabi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezimanzi kunye ezinomthunzi.
Njengezifo, i ingcambu ukubola Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nokungunda okanye i-alternaria fungi inokubangela ukubonakala komngundo ukuba ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuphefumla akulawulwa. I-substrate yokukhupha kakuhle kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo kuthintela ezi ngxaki.
Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokusasazwa kwePassiflora
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze yandisa i-passiflora: imbewu kunye nokusika.
- NgembewuQokelela imbewu evuthiweyo kwisiqhamo, icoce, kwaye uyihlwayele entwasahlobo kwibhedi yembewu equlethe umxube we-peat kunye nesanti emanzi. Gquma ngeplastiki ecacileyo ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokukhupha umoya yonke imihla. Ukuntshula kwenzeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ezinye iintlobo zifuna istratification okanye ukufunxwa kwangaphambili.
- NgokusikaKhetha izikhondo eziyi-semi-wood malunga ne-15 cm ubude kunye namagqabi amathathu ubuncinci ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Sika ngaphantsi kwe-node, susa igqabi elisezantsi, kwaye utyale kwi-substrate elula. Gcina ubushushu (18-22 ° C), kunye nokufuma rhoqo, kunye nomthunzi. Iingcambu malunga neeveki ezi-4-6.
- Ezinye iindlela:Ukwahlulahlula okanye ukwahlula komoya kungasetyenziswa kwizityalo ezisele zikhulile ukufumana imizekelo emitsha.
Iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo
La Intyatyambo yePasiflora Inokuhlala ukusuka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kude kube sekwindla, ngakumbi ukuba indalo ihlala ishushu. Iintyatyambo zePassiflora zikhulu, zivumba, kwaye ziyamangalisa kakhulu; umbala wabo uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo.
Ezinye iintlobo zivelisa iziqhamo ezityiwayo ezifana ne passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) okanye igranadilla (Passiflora ligularis), etyebileyo kwiivithamini kunye neeminerali, nangona ezinye iziqhamo zinokungenancasa okanye zihombise nje.
Ukuvuselela i-fruiting, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kukhuthazwe i-cross-pollination, ngakumbi ukuba iintyatyambo ezininzi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ziyakhuliswa.
Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lwePassiflora kwiimbiza
Xa ukhetha ukukhula kwiimbiza, qinisekisa isitya esikhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye utshintshe inxalenye ye-substrate ngonyaka. Ukugcina amanzi afanelekileyo kubalulekile, soloko usebenzisa umaleko wegrabile okanye amatye ezantsi kwesitya.
Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kulungiswe ubungakanani bebhodwe, ukuphepha kokubili ukomisa okupheleleyo kunye namanzi amaninzi. Njengoko isityalo sikhula, sitshintshele kwiimbiza ezinkulu kunye ne-substrate ehlaziyiweyo. Oku kubonelela ngezondlo kunye nendawo eyaneleyo yophuhliso lweengcambu.
Ebusika, kuyacetyiswa ukuhambisa imbiza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, epholileyo, kude nokushisa okuthe ngqo.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa, amayeza kunye nokutya
I-Passionflower yaziwa ngokuyintloko ngexabiso layo lokuhombisa kwiigadi, amathafa kunye neebhalkhoni. Ikwalinywa ngenxa yeziqhamo zayo kwaye, kwezinye iintlobo, ngenxa yeempawu zabo zonyango:
- Umhlobiso: Iintyatyambo zayo ezibunjwe ngokungaqhelekanga kunye neentyatyambo ezinemibala zenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zixakeke kakhulu zokukhwela kwizakhiwo zokugubungela kunye nokubonelela ngomthunzi wendalo.
- Frutal: Iintlobo ngeentlobo ezifana Passiflora edulis Banikezela ngeziqhamo ezimnandi kunye nezondlo ezilungele iijusi, iidessert kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo.
- Unyango: Ezinye iintlobo ezifana IPassiflora incarnata Ziye zasetyenziswa ngokwesiko njengezothomalalisi zendalo kunye ne-infusions yokuphuthelwa kunye nokuxhalaba. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ngaphandle kweliso lobungcali akukhuthazwa.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto ezinomdla
- Iintyatyambo zePassionflowers zidibanisa kakuhle nabanye abakhwelayo ezifana ne-jasmine, i-honeysuckle, okanye i-wisteria ukudala iigadi ezixubileyo kunye nokwandisa ixesha leentyantyambo kunye nombala.
- Umbala weqabunga unokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, ngoko kuqhelekile ukufumana izityalo ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo kwiindawo zokuhlala.
- Kwindalo, iintyatyambo zothando zitsala amabhabhathane, iinyosi, kunye neengcungcu, ezinegalelo kwintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-pollination.
- Ezinye iindidi zinokufuna ukuthenwa okusebenzayo kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala ukukhokela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kwazo.
Hlakulela Ipasifora Ukukhula kweentyatyambo zothando ekhaya okanye egadini ngamava anomvuzo, ukubonelela ngobuhle, umbala, kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka unyaka wonke. Ngokulandela ezi ngcebiso, isityalo sakho siya kujongeka sisempilweni, sidlamkile, kwaye siyadubula ngokumangalisayo. Ungalibali ukujonga ukufuma kwaye ukondle i-substrate, kunye nokuyikhusela kwizinambuzane kwaye wenze ukuthena ukukhanya emva kokutyatyamba. Uyakonwabela umtsalane ongaqhelekanga weentyatyambo zothando rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka.