Iimpawu zeBotanical zeStrychnos nux-vomica
IStrychnos nux-vomica, eyaziwa njenge i-nux vomica, ngumthi oluhlaza onokufikelela Iimitha ezili-25 ukuphakama, ebonisa isithsaba esishinyeneyo nesinamasebe aphezulu. Amaxolo ayo anika i-shades eyahluka ukusuka kwi-gray-black ukuya kwi-grey-yellow kwaye, ekuhambeni kwexesha, iphuhlisa i-warty texture. amasetyana Amagqabi alolu hlobo anombala omdaka kunye nefolokhwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, enika umthi ukubonakala okuhlukileyo.
Las amagqabi Zichasene, ziluthwathwa, zi-elliptical ukuya kwi-ovate okanye i-obovate ngobume, kwaye zinendawo engaphezulu egudileyo, ekhazimlayo, eluhlaza eluhlaza obumnyama obuya bube bubomvu kumzantsi. Umda wegqabi uphelele kwaye i-apex ingqukuva okanye i-acuminate. Incakuba yegqabi inoboya obucolekileyo ngaphantsi, kwaye imithambo, enokuba mithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, iyabonakala kwaye imhlophe okanye iluhlaza okhanyayo. Lo mthi awunayo i-stipules ephawulekayo, nangona kwezinye iindidi zisenokungabonakali.
Iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo
Las ukungafumaneki Ziyakwazi ukuvela zombini kwii-apices zamasebe kunye nee-axils kwaye zibandakanya i-thyrs ekhululekile okanye i-panicle-shaped panicles. flores Zinevumba elimnandi, eliluhlaza-mhlophe ukuya kumhlophe ngombala, i-hermaphroditic kunye ne-short-stalked. Ngokuqhelekileyo balinganisa ngeenxa zonke 1,3 cm zinde kwaye zineepetali ezintlanu. Ityhubhu ye-corolla i-glabrous ngaphandle kwaye inoboya obuthile kwisiseko sangaphakathi; i-calyx imfutshane, iluhlaza kwaye igqunywe ziinwele ezintle, kunye ne-ovoid emihlanu kunye ne-lobes etsolo. I-ovary yiyo i-bicameral kwaye ngaphezulu, kunye nesimbo eside, esivelelayo esiphela kwibala elibi.
Los stamens Kukho ezintlanu ezimfutshane kakhulu, ngokulambisa ukuba zivele kwipharynx yeentyatyambo. Ukongeza, kukho iinectaries ezikhoyo ezinokutsala izinambuzane ezihambisa ipoleni.
El iziqhamo Liqunube elingqukuva elinomphezulu ogudileyo, eliqala libeluhlaza lijike libebomvu-orenji xa livuthiwe. Inokulinganisa phakathi 3 kunye no-6cm kwaye inesikhumba esibhityileyo kodwa esiqinileyo, esomileyo ekulula ukusiqhawula. Inyama yayo emhlophe i-gelatinous, ikrakra kakhulu, kwaye incangathi, nangona ngamanye amaxesha inokutyiwa nangona incasa yayo engathandekiyo.
Inkcazo yembewu kunye netyhefu
Las imbewu ye Strychnos nux-vomica, ekwabizwa ngokuba iliso lomqhagi, i-disc okanye iqhosha elibunjiweyo, liphantse lisicaba, linoboya obuhle, nangona iinwele zidla ngokunyamalala ngokugcinwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziphakathi 1,5 kunye no-3cm ubukhulu, 4 ukuya kwi-6mm ngqindilili kunye nobunzima 1,2 ukuya ku-2,4 gIqokobhe liqine kakhulu, lisuka kumbala oluhlaza-ngwevu ukuya kumdaka ngebala, kwaye liyakwazi ukucandeka livuleke ngamandla emacaleni amade xa iimeko zokufuma zitshintsha, liququzelela ukuntshula.
Ezi mbewu azinavumba, kodwa yazo Incasa ikrakra kakhulu kwaye i-crid, kunye nethoni ephantsi yesicaphucaphuOlona phawu lufanelekileyo lulo ubutyhefu obuphezulu, ikakhulu ngenxa yobukho be-alkaloids enamandla, ngakumbi i-strychnine kunye brucine, nangona iqulethe nezinye alkaloids ezifana vomycin, colubrine, icajime kunye novacin. Kuqikelelwa ukuba idosi ebulalayo ye-strychnine kumntu omdala inokuba ikhona 0,2 ukuya ku-1 mg / kg ubunzima bomzimba, okubangela ukuxhuzula, uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-bradycardia kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa ngokuphefumla emva kokukhubazeka kwemisipha.
Ukwabiwa kwejografi kunye nendawo yokuhlala
El IStrychnos nux-vomica Yinzalelwane kwaye ikhula endle amahlathi ashinyeneyo akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, egubungela imimandla efana neCeylon, iIndiya, iBurma, iThailand, iVietnam, iMalaysia, iLaos, iKhambodiya, nakumantla eOstreliya. Ikhetha umhlaba okhutshelwe kakuhle kunye neendawo ezifudumeleyo, ezifumileyo, iimpawu zamahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye nemimandla yezityalo ezitshisayo.
Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali
Olu didi lubalasele ngenxa yalo ukubunjwa kwi-alkaloids ye-indole, ngogxininiso oludla ngokuba phakathi 1% kunye 5% yezinto ezomileyo. Bagxininisa i i-strychnine (emele malunga phakathi 40% kunye 50% yealkaloids iyonke), i brucine (ejikeleze 45%), kunye ne-iso-strychnine, isobrucine, vomycin, colubrine, kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezinxulumene nazo. Kwakhona iqulethe glycosides ezifana loganina (meniantine), acids eziphilayo ezifana chlorogenic kunye imalic, i-terpene alcohols kunye ne-silica salts.
Ezi khompawundi, ingakumbi strychnine, zinoxanduva zombini iziphumo zamachiza ngokugqithisileyo Ityhefu yesityalo.
Usetyenziso lwemveli, lwezonyango kunye nezoshishino
Ngokwembali, i i-nux vomica Isetyenziswe kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwi amayeza emveli, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangoku kuthintelwe kakhulu ngenxa yengozi yayo. Isetyenziswe kwimilinganiselo emincinci njenge tonic ekrakra ukuvuselela ukwetyisa kunye nokunyanga i-dyspepsia, i-asthenia, ukuphazamiseka kokutya kwemvelaphi yesisu kunye ne-aphrodisiac, ngenxa yesenzo sayo esivuselelayo kwinkqubo ye-nervous central kunye nentambo yomgogodla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakhona kukhankanyiwe ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-rheumatism, i-neuralgia, ukukhubazeka, i-myasthenia, i-enteric hypotonia, i-enuresis kunye neemeko ezithile zamehlo kunye ne-anemia, nangona Abukho ubungqina obuqinileyo benzululwazi obuxhasa ezi nzuzo. kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ukutyhafa kakhulu ngenxa yeengozi ezibandakanyekileyo.
ENtshona, i-nux vomica iphumelele ukuduma njenge isithako kwiityhefu Kwizilwanyana, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-rodenticides kwaye njengento esisiseko kwimveliso ye-strychnine. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwonyango kuphelelwe lixesha ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, nangona inokufumaneka kwi-homeopathy kwi-dilutions egqithisileyo kunye namalungiselelo amadala e-galenic njenge-tonics okanye ukubuyisela.
Iinkcukacha ngobuthi kunye neempawu zetyhefu
El umxholo ophezulu we-strychnine yenza imbewu ye Strychnos nux-vomica enye yezona zinto ziyingozi zezityalo ezaziwayo. Ityhefu idla ngokubonakaliswa ngu I-Hyperreflexia, i-seizures, ixhala, ukwanda kovakalelo kwi-stimuli yangaphandle njengokukhanya okanye ingxolo kunye nokuqina kwezihlunu, iimpawu zifana kakhulu nezo zibonwa kwi-tetanus. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukufa kwenzeka nfcityisa, okubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa kobundlobongela kunye nokuqhubekayo kwemisipha ye-thoracic kunye ne-diaphragm.
Nditsho imali encinci kakhulu inokubulala. Kuye kwabhalwa ukuba ukungenisa imbewu enye kunokwanela ukubangela ukufa kwintambo yomgogodla okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumula. Enye inyani efanelekileyo yeyokuba i-strychnine inokuqokelelana emzimbeni, kwaye ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwiidosi ezinobungozi kunokuba yingozi ekuhambeni kweeveki.
Okwangoku, ukuthengiswa koluntu kwe-Strychnos nux-vomica kuthintelwe okanye kuthintelwe kumazwe amaninzi ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, kwaye idweliswe kuluhlu olusemthethweni lwezityalo eziyingozi ukuba zisetyenziswe okanye ziphathwe ngabantu ngokubanzi.
Izithethantonye kunye namagama adumileyo
- Strychnos nux-vomica var. oligosperm dop
- Strychnos spireana dop
- Amagama aqhelekileyo: i-angostura yobuxoki, i-Indian castor bean, i-Indian dogwood, i-Indian dogwood, i-Indian dogwood, i-Nux vomica, i-Noix Vomique, i-Nux Vom, i-Poison Nut
Ukubaluleka ngokwembali kunye neembekiselo
La i-nux vomica Yaziswa eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, kwaye yasetyenziswa njengetyhefu esebenzayo ukuphelisa izilwanyana ezinobungozi, ngakumbi kwezolimo kunye nemfuyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengomthombo we-strychnine kwishishini kuqhubekile amashumi eminyaka, kwaye ihlala iyenye yezona alkaloids ezifundiweyo nezilawulwayo ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezinamandla zomzimba kunye nezibulalayo.
IStrychnos nux-vomica Kwachazwa ngokusemthethweni nguCarl Linnaeus kwaye ifakwe kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwi-botany kunye ne-pharmacology. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye noshicilelo zibhale ukwakhiwa kwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveli, kunye nemingcipheko ehambelana nayo.
Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nemigqaliselo esemthethweni
Ngenxa yengozi ye-Strychnos nux-vomica, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuvaliwe okanye kuthintelwe kumazwe amaninzi. Ibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lwezityalo ezithengiswa kunye nokuphathwa koluntu kulawulwa ngenxa yomngcipheko omkhulu wokutyhefwa ngengozi okanye ngabom. I-Strychnine ikwajongwa njengento elawulwayo ziiarhente ezininzi zokhuseleko lwempilo yoluntu kunye neekhemikhali.
Ukuxilongwa kwetyhefu kwenziwa ngovavanyo lwebhubhoratri olukhethekileyo kwi-strychnine kwaye lufuna unyango oluphuthumayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumula kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula ukuxhuzula kunye neempawu ze-neuromuscular.
Kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, Ulwazi lweempawu, ukwakheka kunye nemingcipheko ye-Strychnos nux-vomica ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ityhefu, ukuphatha kwayo ngoxanduva kunye nokuchongwa okuchanekileyo kwebhotani..