La i-anthocyanosis yimeko yesityalo enokubangela ukuguquka kombala kumagqabi, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-chlorophyll. Ihlala ibhidaniswa nezinye iingxaki zomzimba, kodwa eneneni ibangelwa a ukungalingani kumanqanaba e-anthocyanin kwizityalo. Le khompawundi, ebaluleke kakhulu kumbala weentyatyambo kunye namagqabi, inokuvelisa iithoni ezithile ezibomvu, eziluhlaza kunye ne-violet ngokuxhomekeke kwi-pH yendawo.
Le nto ibonwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela esichaphazela ngayo isityalo ngasinye kunye nento esinokuyenza ukukhusela okanye ukulungisa iziphumo zaso. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siza kuchaza iimpawu ze-anthocyanosis, indlela yokuyichonga, kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo esinokuwathatha ukukhusela izityalo zethu.
Yintoni i-anthocyanosis?
I-Anthocyanosis ibhekisa kumboniso womzimba wokuqokelelana okugqithisileyo i-anthocyanins kumagqabi esityalo. I-Anthocyanins zi-pigments zentsapho ye-flavonoid kwaye zijongene nemibala ebomvu, emfusa kunye neblue kwizityalo ezininzi. Xa ezi pigments ziqokelelana, zinokubangela ukuba amagqabi ajike abebomvu okanye abemfusa, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo ezifana amaqondo obushushu abandayo o uxinzelelo lwesondlo.
Esi siganeko siqhele ukubonwa kwiintlobo ezifana ne Avena sativa (ioats), ngokunjalo nakwi ezinye izityalo zokuhombisa. Ukutshintsha kombala wamagqabi luphawu lokuba isityalo sifumana uhlobo oluthile loxinzelelo okanye ukuba imetabolism yaso iyatshintshwa.
I-Anthocyanins kunye nendima yabo kwizityalo
Las i-anthocyanins Ziikhompawundi ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo ezisebenza ikakhulu njengeebala. Nangona kunjalo, indima yayo ayiphelelanga kumbala kuphela. I-anthocyanins nayo iyanceda khusela izityalo kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kunye nomonakalo oxidative. Ukongeza kumsebenzi wabo wokukhusela, banendima yokukhusela, ekubeni umbala wabo oqinileyo unokutsala abahambisa ipoleni okanye ukunqanda okuthile uhlaza.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, i-anthocyanins ilingana ngaphakathi kwesityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngobushushu obunganelanga, i-pH kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo, i-metabolism iyatshintshwa, kwaye siqala ukubona iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-anthocyanosis, njenge. ukuguquka kombala wamagqabi.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anthocyanidins
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze anthocyanidins, eziziintlobo ze-aglycone ze-anthocyanins. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-anthocyanidin luvelisa imibala eyahlukeneyo yombala kwizityalo. Phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo siya kufumana:
- Cyanidin: Uvelisa iithowuni obomvu okanye omfusa kwizityalo.
- Delphinidine: Uhlobene ne iithowuni eziluhlaza kwizityalo.
- Malvidina: Inoxanduva lwe imibala emfusa kwiintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo.
- I-Pelargonidine: Ivelisa imibala i-orenji okanye i-salmon.
Inzululwazi URichard Willstätter wayengowokuqala ukuchaza ukuba utshintsho kwi-pH lunokuchaphazela njani i-hue ye-anthocyanins. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubume bemeko bume na i-acidic ngakumbi okanye i-alkaline eninzi, i-anthocyanins inokutshintsha umbala, ekhokelela kwiitoni ezibomvu, ezimfusa okanye eziluhlaza esihlala sizibona kwizityalo ezichaphazelekayo yi-anthocyanosis.
Izityalo ezichatshazelwa yi-anthocyanosis
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Mokkie
La i-anthocyanosis Iqhelekile kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Abanye abachaphazeleka kakhulu baquka:
- Avena sativa (i-ornamental oats), ebonisa ngokukhawuleza iimpawu zokutshintsha umbala.
- Iziqhamo ezinje i-blueberry kunye Itsheri, ebonisa ukuqokelela okuphawulekayo kwee-anthocyanins.
- izityalo Ornamental ezifana IPelargonium y Dahlia, evelisa imibala egqame kakhulu ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-anthocyanins.
Kwezi kunye nezinye izityalo, i-anthocyanosis ixhaphakile xa izityalo zibonakaliswe uxinzelelo lwendalo esingqongileyo, njengokubanda ixesha elide, ukungabikho kwezondlo okanye ukukhanya kwelanga okwaneleyo.
Impembelelo ye-anthocyanosis kwi-immune system yesityalo
Okubangela umdla kukuba, i i-anthocyanins zibonakala zinekhonkco ngqo kunye nokhuseleko lwe amajoni omzimba yezityalo. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo iziqhamo ezityebileyo anthocyanins, njengamaqunube okanye iidiliya, zinokuwuphucula ukhuseleko lomzimba. Kwizityalo, i-anthocyanins inempembelelo efanayo, inceda ukuphucula ukuchasana kwabo kwiimeko ezimbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwakhiwa okugqithisileyo kunokuba yingozi njengoko iphazamisana ne ifotosinthesis kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo emagqabini.
Ngokubanzi, izityalo ziphuhlisa i-anthocyanins njengempendulo yokuzikhusela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo uxinzelelo lwendalo esingqongileyo, kwaye ngelixa kwezinye iimeko ezi ziluncedo, xa iimeko zinzima kakhulu, isityalo asikwazi ukusingatha i-buildup kwaye sichaphazeleka yi-anthocyanosis.
Indlela yokuthintela kunye nokunyanga i-anthocyanosis
Ukuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo i-anthocyanosis, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko ezikhulayo zihlala zi ngokwaneleyo kunye nokulinganisela. Ezinye iingcebiso ezinokunceda ukuthintela ukuqala kwesi sifo ziquka:
- Ukubonelela ngokukhanya kwelanga okwaneleyo, njengoko ukungabikho kwayo kunokukhokelela ekuguqulweni kwe-anthocyanin metabolism.
- Qinisekisa ukuba isityalo sifumana ubonelelo olwaneleyo lwe izondlo, ngakumbi i-potassium, edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo.
- Kuphephe iqabaka okanye amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela ukuqokelelana kwe anthocyanins emagqabini.
Xa sele kuphuhliswe isityalo i-anthocyanosis, kubalulekile ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima betyala, unokuzama ukulungisa umhlaba pH okanye unikeze a isongezelelo sezondlo ezithile.
I-Anthocyanosis yinto enomdla yokuba, nangona isenokubonakala inzulu, ihlala ibonakalisa ukuba isityalo sizama ukuzikhusela. Ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunokunceda izityalo zihlaziyeke kwaye ziqhubeke zikhula zomelele kwaye zisempilweni. Hlala ukhumbula ukuvavanya izinto ezifana nokukhanya, i-pH kunye nezondlo, ezingundoqo ekuthinteleni olu hlobo lokungalingani.