Hordeum murinum: Inkcazo kunye ne-Etymology
IHordeum murinum, eyaziwa njenge irhasi yomgibe wempuku, ibhulukhwe yeharem, umsila wempuku, ispikelet o irhasi yempuku, yingca yonyaka yentsapho IPoaceae. Igama legeneric Hordeum livela kwisiLatini samandulo ukutyumba irhasi, ngelixa i-epithet umnumzana, lithatyathwe kwisiLatini intlanzi, ngokwezwi nezwi lithetha 'impuku', mhlawumbi ngokubhekisele kwinkangeleko okanye kumbala wezikhonkwane zayo, ezifana noboya bezi mpuku.
Olu hlobo, lusasazwe ngokubanzi kwaye luyabonakala kwiindawo ezihlala ezidolophini nasezilalini, lubonakala luziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza. iindawo zokuhlala zitshintshiwe kwaye ziqhubekile nokubakho kufutshane neendawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu.
Ukuhlelwa kweTaxonomic yeHordeum murinum
- Domain: eukarya
- Iqela elikhulu: archaeplastid
- IPhylum: I-Chloroplastida
- ICandelo: Streptophyta
- Ulwahlulo: I-Spermatophytina
- Iklasi: Magnoliopsida (okanye iLiliopsida, ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo)
- Myalelo: Iicawe
- Usapho: IPoaceae
- Usapho: Pooideae
- Isizwe: eTriticeae
- Isini: Hordeum
- Iintlobo: IHordeum murinum
Qaphela: Ukuhlelwa kweTaxonomic kunokwahluka kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlaziyo oluqhubekayo, kodwa ezona ndidi ziphambili zihleli. umgangatho kwibhotani yangoku.
Inkcazo yebhotani eneenkcukacha
IHordeum murinum Yiyo isityalo sonyaka Igqibezela umjikelo wayo wobomi ngexesha elinye elilungileyo, iphila unyaka wonke njengembewu. Ibonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo ze-morphological:
- Iziqu: Ngokuqhelekileyo nkqo o abonyukayo, i-glabrous, i-hollow kunye ne-spongy, ene-internodes ephawulwe kakuhle. Ubude bunokufikelela phezulu Isentimitha ezingama-32 okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko.
- AmaSpredishithi: Ilungiselelwe ngokutshintshanayo, nge isingxobo esikhohlakeleyo (zigqunywe ngeenwele), ligule inqunyulwe kwaye limbo ubude, uboya obukhululekileyo okanye bunqabile ukuba bubengezele.
- Inflorescence: Ngenisa a xinene, inkukuma, cylindrical spike, kuqwalaselwa ukwandiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwesiqu. I-spike yenziwe ngamaqela amathathu e-spikelets kwi-node nganye: enye ephakathi i-bisexual, kwaye i-lateral iyindoda okanye inyumba, ine-anthers kuphela.
- I-Spikelets: Intyatyambo enye (i-monochlamydia), i-lateral ine-peduncle ngelixa i-central ingaba yi-sessile okanye i-pedunculated. Yonke imiboniso iglu I-linear, inamaphiko amade kunye ne-scabrid, ihlala i-ciliate kwimida, ngakumbi kwindawo ephezulu ye-spike.
- Arestas: Iibracts ezineengcebiso ezinde zenza imiphetho erhabaxa, eyimpawu, enoxanduva lokuziva rhabaxa kunye nokukwazi ukubambelela kumphezulu.
- Isiqhamo: Yohlobo i-caryopsis, oko kukuthi, ukhozo oluqhelekileyo lwengca.
Kufanelekile ukugqamisa i ubunzima kukwahlukana kwemopholoji zesubspecies zayo okanye iindidi: H. iglaucum, H. murinum y H. leporinum, ezineempawu ezifanayo kakhulu kwaye zihlala kwindawo enye.
indawo yokuhlala kunye ne-ecology
IHordeum murinum Luhlobo oluqhelene kakhulu nemekobume ekrwada okanye ezo zitshintshwe yimisebenzi yabantu. Iindawo zayo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- ecaleni kwendlela kunye neendlela.
- Imijelo, amaqashiso angenamntu, amaqashiso asezidolophini kunye neendawo ezinamabhodlo.
- Imida yamasimi kunye namadlelo, apho ngamanye amaxesha ikhuphisana nengca enexabiso elikhulu lefula.
- Ikwavela kwi ingca eyenziweyo kunye nezitiya ezingakhathalelwanga, zithatha ithuba lokunyamezela kwazo imbalela nokuphazamiseka komhlaba.
Uluntu lwezityalo apho lumelwe kakhulu luzelo Umyalelo weSisymbrietalia officinalis (Class Ruderali-Secalietea), ukwabelana ngesithuba kunye neentlobo ezifana Ammi majus, Bromus rigidus, IDiplotaxis erucoides y Sisymbrium officinale.
Ukhetho lwendalo: Iphuhliswa ikakhulu kwi imihlaba eyomileyo o ifumile kancinci, izityebi kwiziseko (pH phakathi kwe-5,5 kunye ne-8), kwaye ikhetha iindawo ezinelanga, zinganyamezeli umthunzi wexesha elide okanye ubukho beetyuwa. Luphawu lwemihlaba eyomileyo ephakathi etyebileyo ngezondlo, ngakumbi initrogen.
Uhlobo lubonisa ukuxhathisa okukhulu kukuphazamiseka komhlaba, okufana nokulima okanye ukuhlakula phezulu, kwaye iyakwazi ukuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphazamise imimandla ephazamisekile ngenxa yemveliso yayo ephezulu yembewu kunye nokusabalalisa okusebenzayo.
Ukuhanjiswa ngokwejografi
IHordeum murinum Sisityalo esinosasazo lwendalo yonke kwimimandla epholileyo, sininzi kakhulu kwi:
- Europe: Ngokwenyani kulo lonke ilizwekazi.
- Asia: Iindawo ezipholileyo kunye neMeditera.
- Afrika: Imimandla ekuMantla kunye nemimandla ethile yetropiki.
- America: Ukusuka eKhanada ukuya kumazwe akuMazantsi eCone, kuquka nokusasazwa kwawo kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika.
Ubukho bayo kufutshane neendawo ezihlala abantu kunye nakumhlaba olinywayo kwenze ukuba ibe yenye yezona ngca zixhaphakileyo nezixhaphake ngokuzenzekela, kwaye inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini.
Phenology kunye nokuzala
IHordeum murinum Inomjikelo wobomi bonyaka kwaye intyantyambo yayo inabela kakhulu entlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, nangona inokolulwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye neemeko zejografi. Isityalo sihluma ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye neentyatyambo ukusuka Aprili phezulu Agasti.
- Umjikelo wokuzala: Igqibezela uphuhliso lwayo lokuzala ngexesha elinye. Ukusasazwa kwembewu kuxhomekeke kakhulu emoyeni, kwizilwanyana, nakwimisebenzi yabantu, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekho ikholoni ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
- Imbewu: De ubunzima obuphakathi 9,3 mg Nganye kwezi ntlobo ibonisa amaqhinga okusasaza asekuhlaleni, afikelela kumgama ongaphezu kwe-0,3 yeemitha. Imbewu ikholisa ukubambelela kwimpahla, izicubu zezilwanyana, kunye noomatshini bezolimo.
- Uhlobo lwebhayoloji: Therophyte, oko kukuthi, isityalo sonyaka esisinda ngamaxesha angathandekiyo kuphela ngendlela yembewu.
Esi sicwangciso sikuvumela ukuba ujongane ngempumelelo neendawo eziphazamisekileyo okanye eziphantsi komsebenzi wezolimo oqhelekileyo.
Izalathi ze-ikholoji kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo
IHordeum murinum isetyenziswa njenge isalathisi sendalo yeemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo:
- Ukukhanya: Ukunganyamezeli kakhulu umthunzi; ikhula ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ezinelanga.
- Ubutyuwa: Ayiwunyamezeli umhlaba onetyuwa.
- Ukufuma: Ithanda imihlaba eyomileyo, nangona ingaphila kwiimeko ezifumileyo kancinci.
- Ubumuncu: Ikhetha imihlaba esisiseko, enoluhlu lwe pH oluyi 5,5 ukuya ku 8.
- Initrojeni: Isalathisi semihlaba etyebileyo ngezondlo, ngakumbi initrogen.
Ukuzingisa kwayo kunye nokwandiswa kweendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo kudibaniswa nokukwazi kwayo ukuthatha inzuzo yokuphazamiseka komhlaba, nokuba kungenxa yomsebenzi wezolimo, ukwakhiwa, ukunyathelwa kwezilwanyana, okanye ezinye izizathu ze-anthropogenic.
Ukusebenzisana nabantu kunye nezinye iintlobo
Okwangoku, IHordeum murinum iyaqwalaselwa ukhula olubi okanye i-adventitious kwizityalo kunye namadlelo, ekubeni ubukho bayo bunokunciphisa umgangatho wefula kunye nokukhuphisana neentlobo zomdla wezolimo.
- Ubudlelwane nemfuyo: Ayidli ngokutyiwa ngokuzithandela yimfuyo ngenxa yokuqina kunye noburhabaxa bemiphetho yayo, nto leyo enokubangela ukucaphuka ngomlomo kunye nokulimala kwizilwanyana zasekhaya, ngakumbi kwizinja kunye neekati ukuba izikhonkwane zingena ezindlebeni, ezimpumlweni okanye esikhumbeni.
- Indima yendalo: Nangona isoloko izama ukuyiphelisa, idlala indima ebalulekileyo njengovulindlela kwikoloniyali yomhlaba ophazamisekileyo nanjengokhuseleko kukhukuliseko.
- Impembelelo yomntu: Izinto ezenziwa ngabantu zithanda ukusasazwa kwazo, njengoko oomatshini bokulima, iimpahla, okanye uboya bezilwanyana zasekhaya buthutha imbewu ingaqondanga.
Indlela yokusasazwa kwembewu
La iqhinga lokusasaza de IHordeum murinum Ikakhulu yeyasekhaya kwaye ayicaci, nangona inokuthuthwa imigama emide ngabantu okanye izilwanyana. Imiphetho ebukhali yezikhonkwane iququzelela ukuncamathela kwembewu kunye nokuhamba ngelaphu, uboya, kunye nezikhumba zezilwanyana, kunye nezihlangu kunye noomatshini bezolimo.
Ukukwazi kwabantu ukusasazeka ngenye yezitshixo kwimpumelelo yabo njengeentlobo zekoloni kunye nobukho babo obuninzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zeendawo zasemaphandleni kunye nezolimo.
Iindidi kunye neentlobo ze-Hordeum murinum
Ngaphakathi IHordeum murinum Kukho ezininzi subspecies kunye neendidi ethi, nangona kunzima ukwahlula endle, ibonise umahluko othile we-morphological and ecological:
- IHordeum murinum Nantsi lapho. iglaucum
- IHordeum murinum Nantsi lapho. leporin
- IHordeum murinum Nantsi lapho. montanum
- IHordeum murinum Nantsi lapho. umnumzana
- IHordeum murinum Nantsi lapho. stariurum
Ukongeza, kukho izithethantonye ezinxulumene nomenclature yembali kunye nokuhlelwa, njenge I-Tricum murale, Critesion murinum y Zeocriton murinum.
Amagama aqhelekileyo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo
- I-Español: Umsila wempuku, i-spikelet, irhasi yempuku, ibhali ye-mousetrap, ibhali yasendle, i-spikelet.
- SiNgesi: Ibhali yempuku, irhasi yodonga, irhasi yomvundla, ibhali egudileyo.
- IsiPhuthukezi: Ibhali kabini.
- Galician: Orxo.
- IsiKhathalan: Margall bord.
- KwiPatagonia: I-Foxtail.
Ukubaluleka kwezolimo kunye ne-phytosanitary
IHordeum murinum ithathelwe ingqalelo a ukhula olubi inengxaki kwiinkqubo zezolimo, njengoko ikhuphisana ngezixhobo kunye neentlobo ezilinywayo kwaye inokugcina izifo.
Isifo seCereal Sesinye sezifo ngokwembali ezazinxulunyaniswa nengca efana nengca yomgibe wempuku. Ibangelwa yi-fungi ye-genus Ustilago, echaphazela i-oats, ingqolowa, ibhali, i-triticale, kunye ne-rye. I-fungus isasazwa njenge-mycelium eleleyo kwiinkozo, ivelisa i-spores etshabalalisa izitho zeentyatyambo zesityalo somkhosi. Izityalo ezosulelekileyo zibonisa ubude obuncitshisiweyo, ukuhlakula okuncitshisiweyo, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo kwisihloko. Umoya uthanda ukusasazwa kwembewu, nto leyo eyenza kubenzima ukulawula kumasimi ezolimo.
Ulawulo lwemveli lwe-agronomic lubandakanya ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo, ukuchetywa rhoqo kunye nokucocwa kwembewu ukunciphisa impembelelo yokhula nezifo ezinxulumene noko. IHordeum murinum.
Ukusetyenziswa kwembali kunye nenkcubeko yerhasi ye-mousetrap
Nangona ixabiso layo lezoqoqosho liphantsi ngoku kwaye lithathwa njengeliyingozi kwicandelo lezolimo nelemfuyo. irhasi yomgibe wempuku uye wasebenzisa izinto ezinomdla:
- Ngokwesiko, iipikisi Zazisetyenziswa kwimidlalo yabantwana, ziphoswa 'njengeentolo' ngenxa yokukwazi ukunamathela kumalaphu kunye noboya bezilwanyana.
- Kwiyeza lesintu kunye ne-ethnobotany, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ku-anecdotal kwaye kulinganiselwe kakhulu, kuba ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo komntu okanye izilwanyana.
Indima kwi-ikhosistim kunye noluntu lwezityalo
IHordeum murinum idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi iintshukumo zoluntu olukrwada namadlelo awonakeleyo. Ikhusela umhlaba kukhukuliseko kwaye inegalelo ekuzinziseni amathambeka nasecaleni kwendlela. Inokuthi isebenze njengendawo yokusabela kwii-invertebrates ezincinci kunye nesalathisi sezinga lokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo.
- Iyayithanda ulandelelwano lwendalo kwiindawo ezingenazityalo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka koomatshini, imililo okanye ukutyiswa kwamadlelo ngokugqithisileyo.
- Ithatha inxaxheba kunxulumano nezinye iintlobo ze-nitrophilous kunye noovulindlela de uluntu lwezityalo luguqukele kwizigaba ezizinzile kunye nezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji.
Imiba yokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo
La ukucheba rhoqo kunye uxinzelelo lokutya impembelelo kakhulu ubukho kunye nokwandiswa IHordeum murinumUxinzelelo lwe-herbivorous ikakhulu lubandakanya ukudliswa kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinkulu, ezifuywayo nasendle. Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezifumileyo, iintaka zinokungenelela, nangona ukudliswa kwee-invertebrates kunye nee-vertebrates ezincinci kuncinci.
La ukuphazamiseka komhlaba, okubangelwa kukulima, ukuthuthwa kwezithuthi nokwakhiwa, ikwathanda ukwanda kolu hlobo, olukhula kakuhle apho enye ingca ifuduswa.
Iimpawu zePhytosociological kunye nolondolozo
IHordeum murinum Luphawu loluntu i-subnitrophilous ukusuka kwimimandla epholileyo, emele isalathisi esigqwesileyo semihlaba etshintshileyo, etyebileyo ngezondlo. Ayiyonxalenye yezityalo ezikhuselweyo kwaye ayijongwa njengezilwanyana ezisesichengeni, kodwa ukubeka iliso kwayo kuluncedo kwizifundo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukubuyiselwa, kunye novavanyo lokusingqongileyo.
La irhasi yomgibe wempuku Luhlobo oluphambili lokuqonda ukuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezityalo kwiziphazamiso. Ubukho bayo buhamba kunye nenguquko yezolimo kunye nokufudukela ezidolophini, kubonisa amandla amangalisayo okwenziwa kwamakholoni kunye nokuphila kwiimeko eziguqukayo.