I-Heuchera: Gqibezela iNkathalelo kunye neSikhokelo soHlobo lweGadi enemibala kunye neMpilo

I-Heuchera, i-jewel enemibala kunye neguquguqukayo yeegadi kunye ne-terraces, sisityalo esingapheliyo esivelele ngombala waso omangalisayo kunye nokulula ukulima. Ingaba unomyezo omkhulu, i-patio encinci, okanye i-terrace nje, ukukhula kwe-heucheras kuya kukuvumela ukuba ujabulele umbala, ukuthungwa kunye nobuhle unyaka wonke. Kweli nqaku, uya kufumanisa yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-heucheras, ukhathalelo lwazo oluthile kunye neenkcukacha, kunye neemfihlo zokuzigcina ziphilile kwaye zihle kakhulu emhlabeni nakwiimbiza. Siza kugocagoca imvelaphi yazo, iindidi, iindlela zokusasaza, kunye neengcebiso zobuchwephesha ukuze sifumane okuninzi kuzo zombini ngokuhombisa nangokusebenzayo.

Imvelaphi, imbali kunye neempawu zebhotani zeHeuchera

I-Heucheras zizityalo ezingapheliyo Kusapho lweSaxifragaceae. I-genus IHeuchera Idibanisa phakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-60 yeentlobo ezizalelwa kuMntla Melika, nangona ezinye iingcali zandisa uluhlu ukuya kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-60, kuquka i-hybrids kunye neentlobo ezibhaliswe ngabahlengikazi.

Igama elithi Heuchera unika imbeko kwingcali yezityalo yaseJamani yenkulungwane ye-18 uJohann Heinrich von Heucher. Kangangeenkulungwane, azixabiswanga kuphela ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokulungelelanisa, kodwa ngakumbi kwiskimu sombala esibalaseleyo kunye nokukodwa kwamagqabi abo.

Ukubonakala kwe-heuchera kukukhumbuza rex begonia, kodwa ubukhulu bayo buncinci kwaye i-rusticity yayo inkulu kakhulu, eyenza ukuba ilungele bonelela ngombala unyaka wonke nakwiindawo ezibandayo ezinemozulu eguqukayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu, inokuziphatha njengento engapheliyo okanye i-semi-evergreen: kwimozulu epholileyo, igcina amagqabi ayo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wonyaka; ebusika obuqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo, isenokuphulukana namanye amagqabi, iphinde intshule ngamandla entlakohlaza.

Yenza i-clumps ejikelezayo, ephakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-45 cm ubude (kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye neemeko ezikhulayo), ukufikelela kububanzi obufanayo. Ukukhula kwayo yi-rhizomatous, ngoko ke kumhlaba ofanelekileyo inokusasazeka kwaye yenze i-cushions exinene kakhulu yamagqabi.

Enye yeempawu zayo ezinkulu uhlobo olungaqhelekanga kwimilo kunye nombala wamagqabi awoZiintende zesundu, zinemiphetho epheleleyo, exandileyo, ejijekileyo, okanye erhawuzekile kakhulu. Umbala wombala usukela kumbala oluhlaza, iikalika, iibronzi, ezibomvu, ezibomvu, iburgundy, iiwayini, iiorenji, ezityheli, eziviolets, ezisiliva, kunye namagqabi ahlukeneyo adibanisa imibala emininzi kunye nokwenziwa. Imizekelo eyaziwayo yicultivars 'Plum Pudding', 'Tiramisu', 'Chocolat', kunye 'neGeorgia Plum'.

Entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo ziyaphuma ubude, izikhondo zeentyatyambo ezibhityileyo, phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-100 cm, ethweswe isithsaba iintyatyambo ezincinci ezimile okwentsimbi, ngemibala esusela kumhlophe qwa ukuya kobomvu wekorale, opinki ophaphathekileyo, oluhlaza okhrim, kunye nemagenta. Nangona zincinci, zidla ngokuba zininzi kwaye zinomtsalane kubathungi bembewu njengeenyosi namabhabhathane.

Iindidi kunye neentlobo ze-Heuchera: Iintlobo zezityalo kunye neentlobo zezityalo

Ngoku kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye namakhulu emihlanganisela ye-heuchera ekhethelwe umbala wamagqabi kunye nokuqhelana nemozulu eyahlukeneyo kunye nomhlaba. Imihlanganiselwa kunye nemihlanganiselwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimarike kuneentlobo ezinyulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi uhlobo lokuqala kusinceda siqonde ukwahlukana okukhulu kwemfuza kolu hlobo. Apha ngezantsi zezona ntlobo zimelwe kakhulu kunye nemihlanganiselwa engundoqo:

• Heuchera Americana: Inzalelwane yasempuma nakumbindi woMntla Melika, inamagqabi aluhlaza, amfusa, okanye amdaka ngebala kunye neentyantyambo kwizikhondo ukuya kwi-1 m ubude, kwimithunzi eluhlaza okanye ekhrimu. Ikhula ibe malunga ne-40 cm ubude. Imihlanganiselwa efana ne'Green Spice' kunye 'neGranate' iyaphawuleka.
• Heuchera brevistaminea: I-Endemic eSan Diego (eCalifornia), ifikelela malunga ne-30 cm ubude kwaye ibalasele kumagqabi ayo aluhlaza kunye neentyantyambo ze-magenta kwizikhondo ukuya kwi-25 cm ubude.
• Heuchera elegans: Ikhula kwiintaba zaseSouthern California, kunye namagqabi aluhlaza kunye neentyantyambo ezimhlophe kunye nepinki ezihlanganiswe kwi-inflorescences. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayikhuli ngaphezu kwe-30 cm ubude.
• Heuchera maxima: Ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yohlobo, ifumaneka eCalifornia kwaye inokufikelela kwi-91 cm ubude. I-inflorescences yayo enkulu emhlophe igqame ngokuchasene namahlamvu aluhlaza anzulu.
• Heuchera micrantha: Ifumaneka kwintshona yoMntla Melika, ikhula ibe malunga ne-40 cm ubude kwaye inamagqabi anokwahluka ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya komfusa. Isiqu sentyatyambo sinokufikelela kwimitha enye. Umhlanganisela 'wePalace Purple' yenye yezona zidume kakhulu ngombala wayo omfusa omnyama.
• Iimpawu zeHeuchera: Iphuma kwintshona yeUnited States nakumantla eMexico, inamagqabi aluhlaza kunye neentyatyambo ezimhlophe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula ukuya kuma-40 cm ubude.
• Heuchera sanguinea: Inzalelwane yaseArizona, eNew Mexico nakumantla eMexico, ixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yeentyatyambo zayo ezibomvu zekorale, kungoko igama elithi "coral bells."

Ukongeza, abafuyi baphuhlise inani elikhulu lemihlanganisela edume ngemibala yayo eyahlukileyo kunye nokwenziwa: 'Georgia Plum', ngamagqabi amfusa-pinki kunye nemithambo emnyama; 'ISilver Gumdrop', enamagqabi esilivere; 'Crème Brûlée', 'Tiramisu', 'Chocolat', 'Plum Pudding' okanye 'Palace Purple'. Eminye imihlanganisela idibanisa umbala we-heuchera kunye nepateni yendawo ye-Tiarella, ivelisa imihlanganiselwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-heuchera. Heucherella.

Ukusetyenziswa kokuhlobisa kunye nokuhlobisa kwe-Heuchera

I-heuchera yenye yezona zityalo eziguquguqukayo kwaye ezinombulelo zokuhlobisa ngaphandle.. Ungatyala:

• Kwiimbiza okanye izixhobo zokutyala, yomibini yodwa kwaye idityaniswe neminye imihlanganisela yemibala eyahlukeneyo ukwenza i-chromatic mosaics unyaka wonke kwiibhalkhoni kunye neeterras.
• Kumhlaba wegadi, ukwenza imida, iibhedi ezixubileyo, ii-rockeries okanye phantsi kwemithi emide kunye nezihlahla, ezigubungela isiseko sezinto ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nezihlahla ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kunye nokuvelisa i-tapestry ebonakalayo eqhubekayo.
• Njengesigqubuthelo somhlaba kwiindawo ezinomthunzi, apho ubonelela ngokungafaniyo kunye nokuthungwa kwezinye izityalo ezingenakukwazi ukufikelela kuzo.
• Kwiingoma ezixubeneyo kunye neengca, izityalo ezivumbayo okanye ii-bulbs ezifana ne-tulips, apho zihlala khona ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Uhlaza lwayo oluxineneyo nemibala yayo itsala ingqalelo, kodwa iintyatyambo zayo zikwasebenza njengomagnethi kwiinyosi namabhabhathane., ukukhuthaza ukungafani kwezinto eziphilayo egadini. Ngombulelo kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, kulula kakhulu ukufumana i-heucheras eguqulelwe kwiindawo ezimanzi kunye nezibandayo, okanye kwiindawo ezifudumele zaseMedithera, nje ngokuba zifumana ukunakekelwa okufanelekileyo.

Ukhathalelo oluBanzi lweHeuchera: IsiKhokelo esipheleleyo

Indawo kunye nokuvezwa

I-Heucheras inyamezela iintlobo ezininzi zeemeko zokukhanya.:

• Bakhetha i-semi-shade, apho bafumana ukukhanya okuhluziweyo iiyure ezininzi. Iiyure ezimbalwa zokukhanya kwelanga ngosuku zanele ukunyusa umbala wamagqabi.
• Kwimimandla eshushu kakhulu ehlotyeni (ukukhanya kwelanga eliphezulu), kulungele ukukhusela ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngexesha leeyure eziphambili kwaye ukhethe ukuqhelaniswa nempuma okanye entshonalanga, okanye umthunzi okhanyayo.
• Kwiimozulu ezipholileyo, zinyamezela ukukhanya kwelanga ngakumbi, kodwa zihlala zithintela iiyure zemitha ephezulu ukuze amagqabi angomi.
• Endlwini zikhula kakuhle kuphela xa zifumana ukukhanya okuninzi, kodwa kungcono ukuhlala uzikhulisela ngaphandle.

Umhlaba kunye nohlobo lwe-substrate

I-substrate ingundoqo ekukhuleni okuchanekileyo:

• Ifuna ukukhanya, umhlaba otyebileyo, umhlaba ongenamanzi nokugcina ukufuma okuphakathi. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngezityalo ezikhula kakuhle ezimbizeni, tyelela Eli nqaku malunga nezityalo ezingapheliyo.
• I-pH efanelekileyo isuka kwi-acidic kancinane ukuya kwi- neutral (4 ukuya kwi-6), nangona eminye imihlanganiselwa inyamezela i-alkalinity encinci.
• Kwimihlaba ene-calcareous kakhulu, banokubonisa i-chlorosis (amagqabi atyheli anemithambo eluhlaza) ngenxa yokunqongophala kokufunxa kwe-micronutrients efana ne-iron kunye ne-manganese.
• Ebhodweni, kungcono ukuxuba i-substrate yezityalo ezithanda i-asidi, i-coconut fiber okanye i-blond peat, kunye ne-perlite ukuphucula amanzi.
• Ukuba utyala izityalo ezininzi emhlabeni, gcina ubuncinci bokuhlukana phakathi kwe-40-45 cm phakathi kwezityalo ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okulungileyo kwaye uthintele ukhuphiswano lwezondlo.

Ukunkcenkceshela: amaxesha amaninzi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi

I-Heuchera idinga i-substrate ehlala ifumile kancinci., kodwa ayizange igalelwe ngamanzi:

• Ehlotyeni okanye ngexesha elifudumeleyo, nkcenkceshela malunga nezihlandlo ezithathu ngeveki. Ebudeni bonyaka wonke, ukunkcenkceshela oku-1-2 ngeveki kunokwanela, kusoloko kuhlengahlengiswa ukuvela kwesityalo, umthamo wamanzi kunye nemozulu.
• Musa ukuvumela i-substrate yome ngokupheleleyo.Isityalo siya kuqaphela ngokukhawuleza, sibonisa ubuthathaka kunye namaqabunga abunile.
• Gwema amanzi amaninzi, anokubangela ukubola kweengcambu kunye nokukhuthaza izifo zefungal.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa amanzi emvula okanye amanzi ane-calcium ephantsi (amanzi angenayo i-carbonate) ane-acidic pH. Ukuba amanzi kwindawo yakho anzima, unokwenza i-asidi ibe ngamaconsi ambalwa eviniga okanye i-lemon.
• Soloko unkcenkceshela kwi-substrate level, unqanda ukumanzisa amagqabi ukuthintela izifo zokungunda ezifana ne powdery mildew.

Ukuchumisa nokutyebisa umhlaba

Ukuchumisa okuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekwandiseni umbala wamagqabi kunye nokudumba kweentyatyambo.:

• Galela umgquba, ukugalelwa kweentshulube, okanye iguano ekupheleni kobusika nasentlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, xa ukukhula kuphezulu kakhulu.
• Gwema izichumisi eziphezulu kwityuwa okanye i-alkaline kakhulu (ezifana nezichumisi zolwandle), ngakumbi ukuba amanzi akho anzima.
• Unokongeza isichumisi esicothayo esine-granulated ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwaye emva kweentyantyambo zokuqala, ukuphinda umthamo ngoSeptemba ukunyusa ukubuyiswa kobushushu behlobo.
• Ukuba ukhula embizeni, zichumisa zonke iintsuku ezingama-15-20 entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kunye nesichumisi esinolwelo olunokulinganisela, ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa umthamo ekwindla nasebusika.
• Iqhinga le-eco-friendly ku-mulch isiseko nge-pine bark, i-compost, okanye amaqabunga omisiweyo ukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhusela ukhula.

Ukuthena, ukucocwa kunye nokugcinwa

I-Heucheras ayifuni ukuthenwa rhoqo, kodwa bayakuxabisa ukususwa amagqabi omileyo kunye neentyatyambo ezibunile ukuvuselela amandla akho:

• Sika izikhondo zentyatyambo xa zomile ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwakhona kwaye uthintele ukubola.
• Susa amagqabi awonakeleyo okanye anesifo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwefungus.
• Ngexesha lasentwasahlobo, unokunquma kancinci iziqu ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okutsha, okuxineneyo, okuxineneyo.
• Ukuba isityalo silahlekelwa ngamagqabi ebusika, ungakhathazeki: ngokuqhelekileyo sihluma kakhulu entwasahlobo.

Ukuphindaphinda: imbewu kunye nokwahlulwa kwezityalo

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisebenzayo zokuphindaphinda:

• Ukuhlwayela imbewu: Tyala entwasahlobo kumxube olula wefiber yekhokhonathi okanye umhlaba wezityalo ezithanda iasidi. Beka imbewu phezu komhlaba kwaye uyigcine ifumile ngaphandle kokukhukula. Ukuntshula kwenzeka emva kweeveki ezi-2-3 ukuba iimeko zivuma kwaye ubushushu buphakathi kwe-18-20°C. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngezityalo ezikhula kakuhle ezimbizeni, tyelela Eli nqaku limalunga nezityalo kwizityalo.
• Ukwahlulwa kwamatyholo: Rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine, entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla, susa isityalo esikhulileyo, uhlukanise i-rhizome ibe ngamacandelo amaninzi kunye nokudubula okukodwa okunamandla, kwaye uphinde utyale kwiindawo ezintsha. Le ndlela ilungele ukuvuselela iisampulu zokuguga kunye nokugcina inani labantu kwigadi yakho okanye i-terrace.

Ukutyala kunye nokutshintshwa

• Elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala i-heucheras emhlabathini okanye ukuyibuyisela kwakhona entwasahlobo, xa isityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye sinokuziqhelanisa ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo yaso entsha.
• Gcoba umngxuma omkhulu, faka ingcambu yeengcambu emngxunyeni ngaphandle kokungcwaba intamo, kwaye ugcwalise umhlaba ocebileyo. Nkcenkceshela kakuhle emva kokutyala.
• Ukuba ukhula embizeni, khetha izikhongozeli ezinkulu ukuvumela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yeengcambu ze-rhizomatous kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwisiseko.

Ubulukhuni kunye nokunyamezela imozulu

I-Heucheras i-rustic kakhulu kwaye inokumelana namaqondo okukhenkceza, ngokubanzi ukuya kutsho kwi -10°C okanye -15°C (ezinye iindidi zinokumelana namaqondo obushushu asezantsi njenge -29°C kwiUSDA zone 5-10). Xa sele zisekiwe, ziyakwazi ukunyamezela ixesha elifutshane lembalela, nangona ziya kusoloko zikuxabisa ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo ehlotyeni. Ukufunda malunga nezinye izityalo eziqinileyo, ezinokugcinwa kancinci, ungandwendwela Eli nqaku malunga nezityalo zokuhombisa eziphantsi.

Kwiindawo ezithandwa yiqabaka eqatha okanye ukuba uzikhulisela ezimbizeni, ungazikhusela nge-mulch okanye uzise kwindawo ekhuselekileyo xa kukho imfuneko.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo

I-Heucheras ayifane ichaphazeleke zizinambuzane ezinobungozi., kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale ujonge:

• Ubumuncu bolusu: Ibonakala njengamachokoza amhlophe, angumgubo emagqabini, ngakumbi kwindawo efume kakhulu kwaye engenamoya omdaka. Soloko unkcenkceshela kwisiseko, ungaze ube ngaphezu kwesityalo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
• Ukubola kweengcambu: Ibangelwa kukugcwala kwamanzi. Njalo khetha ii-substrates zokukhupha kakuhle kwaye ugweme ukunkcenkceshela.
• Iinkumba kunye ne-slugs: Kwiindawo ezifumileyo kakhulu, zinokuhlasela amagqabi amancinci. Zisuse ngesandla okanye usebenzise imiqobo yendalo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Iingcebiso eziphambili zokukhulisa i-heucheras kwiimbiza kunye nasegadini

• Dibanisa imihlanganisela eyahlukeneyo ye-heuchera kwizikhongozeli okanye imida yeziphumo ezibukekayo zonyaka wonke.
• Kwiigadi ezincinci, zilungele ukongeza umnxeba wombala ngaphandle kokugqithisa okanye ukufuna izithuba ezinkulu.
• Interplant heucheras kunye neperennials, ingca ekhula kancinci, okanye izityalo ezineentyantyambo zokufezekisa ukungafani kombhalo kunye neentyantyambo eziphazamisayo. Ungancedisana nokulima kwabo izityalo ezineentyatyambo ezifana necrocosmias.
• Gcoba unyawo ngexolo lompayini okanye umgquba ukuze ugcine ukufuma kwaye unqande ukukhula kokhula.
• Susa iintyatyambo ezibunile kunye namagqabi amadala rhoqo ukuze ugcine amandla kwaye ukhuthaze ukukhula kombala wamagqabi.
• Yahlula i-clumps rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4 ukuvuselela izityalo kwaye ufumane imizekelo emitsha.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neHeuchera

• Ngaba kungcono ukutyala i-heuchera ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo? Omabini amaxesha onyaka afanelekile, kodwa intwasahlobo inika iinyanga ezikhulayo ngaphambi kokuba imozulu ebanda kakhulu iqalise.
• Kweziphi iindawo zesitiya ekhula kakuhle kuyo? Umthunzi ongaphelelanga, izitendi zemithi, iibhedi zeentyatyambo ezikhuselwe elangeni elinamandla, okanye iimbiza ezikwiindawo ezikhanyiswe kakuhle.
• Ngaba inokusetyenziswa njengesityalo sangaphakathi? Kuphela ukuba kukho ukukhanya kwendalo okuninzi, nangona ikhula ngcono ngaphandle ngenxa yeemfuno zayo zokungenisa umoya kunye nokukhanya okungathanga ngqo.
• Kutheni amagqabi am heuchera ejika abe tyheli? Ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa ye-chlorosis ngenxa ye-lime engaphezulu (amanzi okanye umhlaba), ukungabikho kwentsimbi okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithiseleyo.
• Kufuneka itshintshwe nini? Nanini na imbiza iba ncinane kakhulu okanye qho emva kweminyaka emine ukwahlula ihlathi kwaye ihlaziye isityalo.

Ukudala ikona kunye ne-heucheras enye yeendlela ezilula kunye nezona zibalaseleyo zokuzalisa nayiphi na igadi okanye i-terrace kunye nobomi kunye nombala. Ndiyabulela kwiintlobo ezininzi zemihlanganisela kunye nokulula kwayo ukulima, iqhelana ngokugqibeleleyo nemozulu epholileyo, efumileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezishushu, ukuba kunikwa ingqalelo kwi-substrate, ukuvezwa, kunye nokunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo. Amagqabi azo, anemibala eqaqambileyo, anika umahluko kunye nobuhle unyaka wonke, kwaye iintyatyambo zazo ezilumkileyo kodwa ezintle zitsala i-pollinators eziyimfuneko kukulungelelaniswa kwendalo egadini. Ukuba ukhangele isityalo sokuqala, esinesondlo esiphantsi esinexabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa, i-heuchera ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibheji ekhuselekileyo kubo bobabini abaqalayo kunye nabalimi abaphambili.