I-Heliotropium europaeum: Inkcazo yeBhotani kunye ne-etymology
IHeliotropium europaeum, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-common heliotrope, verrucaria, wart herb okanye i-litmus, isityalo semifuno yonyaka Usapho lweBoraginaceae. Igama layo lezenzululwazi livela kwisiGrike kunye nesiLatini:helios» kuthetha ilanga kunye "tropion» lithetha intshukumo okanye ujikelezo, olubhekisa kwi ukukwazi kwenxalenye yesityalo ukuziqhelanisa ngokulandela indlela yelanga.
I-epithet "europaeum" ibonisa imvelaphi yaseYurophu yeentlobo, nangona ukusabalalisa kwayo kudlulela ngaphaya kweli zwekazi.
Isakhiwo sonke sesityalo (amagqabi, iziqu, kwaneentyatyambo) zigqunywe buboya obucolekileyo obumhlophe. Oku kubanika uphawu lwazo lwe-grayish hue, okwenza kube lula ukuchonga kwindawo evulekileyo.
I-Taxonomy kunye ne-synonymy ye-Heliotropium europaeum
- Ubukumkani: IPlantae
- ICandelo: magnoliophyta
- Iklasi: magnoliopsida
- Myalelo: Lamiales
- Usapho: Iboraginaceae
- Isini: IHeliotropium
- Iintlobo: IHeliotropium europaeum
Phakathi izithethantonye zetaxonomic zi:
- Heliotropium dolosum
- IHeliotropium ellipticum
- I-Heliotropium incanescens
- Heliotropium strictum
- Heliotropium subcanescens
- Heliotropium tenuiflorum
Iimpawu zeMorphological zeHeliotropium europaeum
Olu luhlobo ayiqhelekanga ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama, nangona phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo inokuvela kancinci. Iziqu zayo zibonisa a i-branching echazwe kakhulu ukusuka kwisiseko, kunye nelungiselelo lokunyuka kwe-tendon. Zombini iziqu kunye namagqabi akhoyo iinwele ezimfutshane, ezimhlophe nto leyo eyinika inkangeleko ye-tomentose.
Amagqabi Amaqabunga e-Heliotropium europaeum ahlelwe ngokungafaniyo, i-elliptical okanye i-lanceolate, enesiseko esijikelezileyo kwi-cuneate kunye nomda wonke. Ziyi-petiolate kwaye, njengezinye isityalo, zibonisa ukuvuthwa.
Intyatyambo Le yenye yezona mpawu zayo zahluke kakhulu: yenziwe ngamaqela ashinyeneyo kwiicymes ezifana ne-scorpio, efana nomsila we-scorpion. I-inflorescence nganye ithe tye ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko idubula, kodwa ayikhe ime nkqo ngokupheleleyo.
Las Iintyatyambo zincinci, 2 ukuya kwi-4 mm ububanzi, i-lilac emhlophe okanye ekhanyayo, kunye ne-corolla yeepilisi ezintlanu ezihlangene kwisiseko ukwenza ityhubhu. Intyatyambo nganye inestamens ezintlanu kunye ne-gynoecium ephezulu ene-linear, edla ngokuba yi-glabrous stigma. I-calyx yenziwe ngemigca emihlanu okanye i-oblong sepals, kunye ne-pubescence ebonakalayo emva kwe-anthesis.
El iziqhamo Yi-capsule, irhabaxa, ikhazimla okanye i-pubescent, ethi xa ivuthiwe yohlulwe ibe ngamandongomane amane.
Ukwabiwa kwejografi kunye nendawo yokuhlala
I-Heliotropium europaeum ifunyenwe isasazwe ngokubanzi kumazantsi, kumbindi nakumantla Yurophu, inabela kwimimandla yaseMacaronesia (ngaphandle kweCape Verde), kuMntla Afrika, nakuMzantsi-ntshona weAsia. Inobukho obubonakalayo kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, kwiindawo ezingcolileyo kunye ne-arvense.
Indawo yayo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:
- Amasimi ezityalo kunye nomhlaba owomileyo wokulima.
- Imida yeendlela kunye nohola wendlela.
- Umhlaba onamatye, owomileyo nophazamisekileyo.
- Iindawo ezineendiza kunye neendawo ezitshintshwe yimisebenzi yabantu.
Es Iindidi zoovulindlela ekukholiseni imihlaba ephazamisekileyo, okwenza kube lukhula oluqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezilinywayo nakwiindawo eziphazamisekileyo.
I-Ecology, umjikelo wobomi kunye nephenology
Esi sityalo sine umjikelo wonyaka, igqibezela lonke uphuhliso lwayo ngexesha lonyaka elilungileyo kunye nokusinda kwixesha elingafanelekanga njengembewu (therophyte). Intyatyambo iqala malunga noMeyi ukuya kuNovemba, nangona ihluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye nendawo. Ngeli xesha, ukuxinwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo kwisityalo kuphezulu, kuphawula elona xesha lilungileyo lokuvuna ngeenjongo zemveli.
Ngokumalunga ne-ikholoji, iHeliotropium europaeum:
- Kuyinto kakhulu Ukumelana nembalela, echumileyo kumhlaba ohlwempuzekileyo, ongenamanzi.
- Ikhetha iindawo ezinelanga kwaye ayiwunyamezeli umthunzi.
- Ifuna umhlaba one alkaline kunye nesiseko esityebileyo, kunye nezinto ezininzi eziphilayo.
- Ayikunyamezeli ubutyuwa bomhlaba.
Amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namagama
Kuyo yonke indawo yayo ebanzi yobukho, I-Heliotropium europaeum ineentlobo ezininzi zamagama aqhelekileyo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo:
- IsiCastilian: i-heliotrope eqhelekileyo, i-wart herb, i-verrucaria, i-litmus, i-wart herb, i-scorpion tail, i-scorpion herb, i-scorpion stalk, i-scorpion stalk, ingca yegusha, ingca erhabaxa, ingca emfutshane, imifuno ye-dysentery, imifuno ye-scorpion, izihlahla ezimhlophe, i-fluff, i-wart plant, i-wart plant, i-horn grass, i-horn grass.
- IsiKhathalan: imifuno Berruguera.
- Galician: I-Erva inika iintsumpa, imifuno inika isifo segazi.
- Basque: Gireguzki, girarguzquia.
- IsiPhuthukezi: I-Erva wart, imifuno ye-dysentery.
Inani elikhulu lamagama libonisa ukusetyenziswa okudumileyo kunye nemveli yohlobo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi ehambelana nokunyangwa kweemfazwe kunye nezinye iimeko zesikhumba.
Izithako ezisebenzayo kunye netyhefu
IHeliotropium europaeum Iqulethe izinto ezinomdla ophezulu we-pharmacological kunye nezonyango, kodwa zinokuba yingozi.. Phakathi kweekhompawundi eziphambili zezi:
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (ezifana ne-cynoglossin): uxanduva lwesiphumo esiyingozi, kunye nesenzo se-hepatotoxic kunye neurotoxic.
- Izinto photosensitizing, enokubangela ukusabela kakubi kwesikhumba phantsi kwelanga.
- Amanye amacandelo esibini anesiphumo esikrakra kunye neprototype ye-boraginaceans.
Umngcipheko omkhulu we Ubuthi bubonwa ngokugqithiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, enokubangela yonke into ukusuka kukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nokukhubazeka kumonakalo omkhulu wesibindi. Ngesi sizathu, Ukuthengiswa koluntu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwesityalo akuvumelekanga okanye kulawulwa ngokungqongqo kumazwe amaninzi.. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo akukhuthazwa kakhulu kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo. kunye nabantu abane-pathologies yesibindi yangaphambili.
Iimpawu zonyango kunye nezicelo zemveli
IHeliotropium europaeum Kuye kwaba yinto yonyango lwesintu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.Isetyenziselwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, nangona ngoku kukhutshwa izilumkiso malunga neengozi ezinxulumene netyhefu yayo. Izicelo zayo ezixhaphakileyo ziquka:
- Unyango lweentsumpa: Iipilisi ezenziwe ngejusi entsha okanye amahlumela amancinci atyunyuziweyo afakwe kwiintsumpa zesikhumba. Olu lolona setyenziso lwemveli kwaye lunika amanye amagama alo eelwimi zomthonyama.
- Ukuvuselela ukukhutshwa kwenyongo (choleretic) kwaye njengoko cholagogue: ukukhuthaza ukugxothwa kwenyongo.
- Emmenagogue: ukukhuthaza okanye ukulawula ukuya exesheni.
- Febrifuge: isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane.
- Abasesichengeni: ukusetyenziswa okudumileyo kwizilonda, izilonda, i-papillomas kunye namanxeba.
Kwezinye iindawo, kwakusithiwa kuye phantse iimpawu zomlingo: Kwakusithiwa ikwazi ukutshabalalisa i-anthill, okanye yanele ukujikeleza inyoka kunye nesiqu sayo ukuze ibambelele kuyo, iinkolelo ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwe-ethnobotanical yohlobo.
kunjalo, Inzululwazi yangoku icebisa ngokuchasene naluphi na usetyenziso lwangaphakathi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwezihloko kufuneka kuqhutywe kuphela phantsi kweengcebiso ezikhethekileyo zeengcali.
Ukuqokelela, ukuphatha kunye nezilumkiso
Ukuvuna ngokwesintu kwafuna isityalo sonke, usebenzisa yonke into ukusuka kwingcambu ukuya emagqabini nakwiintyatyambo. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokusika lingqamana ne intyatyambo epheleleyo, xa izithako ezisebenzayo zifikelela kugxininiso lwazo oluphezulu. Amagqabi anencasa ekrakrayo, kodwa ifihlakala lula.
Ngenxa ye ubukho be-alkaloids enetyhefu kakhulu, Ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kolwazi lwebhotani oluchanekileyo alukhuthazwaUkuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokulungiswa kwasekhaya kunokuthwala ingozi, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinjongo zonyango akukhuthazwa ngamaziko ezempilo okwangoku.
Ukubaluleka kwe-ikholoji kunye nokuziphatha kwe-phytosociological
Kwinkqubo ye-agroecosystem etshintshiweyo kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba, I-Heliotropium europaeum idlala indima ephawulekayo njengovulindlela:
- Ikhawuleza ibeke umhlaba ophazamisekileyo, imida kunye namasimi afusi, izinzisa umhlaba kwaye iququzelele ukulandelelana kwezityalo.
- Iyinxalenye yoluntu olukrwada oluphawu lwamasimi avulekileyo kunye nezityalo ezingankcenkceshelwa kakuhle (Diplotaxion erucoidis alliance, Stellarietea mediae class).
- Umjikelo wayo wonyaka uvumela ukuba igqibezele ubomi bayo ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokuphazamiseka okukhulu ekulimeni, ukucheba, ukutyisa imfuyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwemishini yomhlaba.
Isityalo siyazichitha-chitha, kwaye nangona imbewu yayo ingenakho ukulungelelaniswa okucacileyo kokusasazwa komgama omde, umoya okanye isenzo somntu sinokufaka isandla ekusasazeni kwii-enclaves ezintsha.
I-Heliotropium europaeum kwinkcubeko ethandwayo kunye neenkolelo
Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-pharmacological, I-Verrucaria ijikelezwe yi-aura yentsomi kunye nentsomi:
- Yayisetyenziselwa "ukuzingela iintaka ngomnatha" ngokwenza isityalo ngokwesithethe.
- Yayixatyiswa kakhulu ngamafama namagqirha awayesithi ezi zilwanyana zinamandla omlingo ngaphezu kweenyoka neembovane, nangona loo mabango engenasihlahla.
- El inkangeleko ye-inflorescence, efana nomsila we-scorpion, waba negalelo ekudibaniseni isityalo kunye nokunyangwa kwezilwanyana ezinobuthi, nangona iziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo zikhawulelwe kwintsimi ye-antiseptic kunye ne-vulnerary.
Ukwahluka kunye nolondolozo
Nangona kunjalo Ayithathwa njengezilwanyana ezisengozini, ubukho bawo busenokuncipha kwiindawo apho ukuhlakula rhoqo kungasasetyenziswayo okanye iindawo ezingafanelekanga ziphelisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza ikoloni kwiindawo eziphazamisekileyo kwenza ukuba imelane notshintsho oluphakathi kusetyenziso lomhlaba.
Es Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba, ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, uhlobo lunokubangela ingozi kwimfuyo. Ukuba ifunyenwe ngobuninzi kwiindawo ezinengca, yiyo loo nto ubukho bayo bujongwa kwaye bulawuleke kwezinye iindawo zezolimo.
Iimfuno kunye nesimboli
El intshukumo ye-heliotropic (ukulandelela ilanga okubonakalayo) kwabelwana ngeentlobo ezininzi ze-genus kwaye ngumthombo womdla kubo bobabini izazinzulu kunye nabathandi bendalo.
Kwinkcubeko eyaziwayo, isityalo sasidibene nokukwazi ukuhambisa amandla elanga. kwaye akhuthaze ukuchuma naphi na apho akhula khona. Inkangeleko yayo ethozamileyo iyangqubana nokubaluleka okuphawulekayo ebenayo kwinkcubeko yasemaphandleni yaseYurophu nakwiMeditera.
Ndiyabulela kumjikelo wobomi bayo olungelelaniswe kwindawo eyomileyo nephazamisekileyo, I-Heliotropium europaeum ihlala ibubungqina obuphilayo bentsebenziswano phakathi kwezityalo zasendle, amayeza esintu kunye nolwazi lwabalimi.Nangona uninzi lwezicelo zalo ziphelelwe lixesha ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, uphononongo lwayo lubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwi-ethnobotany yezityalo, i-ecology, kunye ne-toxicology.
