La igrindelia Sisityalo esingapheliyo sosapho I-Asteraceae, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "rabha plant" okanye "Spanish buttercup," edume ngobuhle beentyatyambo zayo ezityheli kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kumayeza esintu. Le genus ibandakanya malunga Iintlobo ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-65 evela kuMntla noMzantsi Melika, nangona bambalwa abaye bagqama ngokukodwa kunyango lwendalo ngenxa yobutyebi babo kwiikhompawundi ezisebenzayo kunye nezicelo zonyango.
Igama igrindelia Kuthiwa kuDavid Hyeronimus Grindel, ugqirha wenkulungwane ye-18 kunye noprofesa wekhemesti. Ukusukela ngoko, esi sityalo asikhange sithande kuphela iingcaphephe zezityalo kodwa sikwangumthombo othe gqolo kumayeza esintu aseNtshona naseMelika, ngakumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwawo okukhuselekileyo kunye neziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo.
Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye ne-morphological ye-grindelia
- Uhlobo lwesityalo: Luhlobo oluhlala ixesha elide kunye nesiseko somthi kunye nesakhiwo samasebe, ukukhula ukusuka kwingcambu engundoqo eyomeleleyo.
- Indawo yokuhlala: Ikhula kwindawo enamatye, kumawa aselunxwemeni, kwithafa lengca elomileyo nakwithafa lemithi evulekileyo, nangona ezinye iintlobo zithanda iindawo ezifumileyo.
- Ubude kunye nemorphology: Inokufikelela phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-80 yeesentimitha ubude. Iziqu zayo ziyahluka ngombala ukusuka koluhlaza ukuya kobomvu kwaye zihlala zigudile.
- AmaSpredishithi: Amagqabi made kunobubanzi, aluhlaza mnyama, kwaye ahlala enamazinyo. Ziqinile kwaye zikhazimle, zinenethwekhi ebonakalayo enemithambo ngaphantsi.
- Iintyatyambo: Iintyatyambo, eziqokelelwe ngokwe-capitula, zibonisa phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-35 yemitha eqaqambileyo emthubi. I-inflorescences yayo ijikelezwe ngesikhumba, i-bracts edibeneyo, enemibala egobileyo. Ezi ntyatyambo ziphawuleka ngokugqunywa kwintlaka encangathi, yiyo loo nto zibizwa ngokuba "yisityalo serabha."
- Ixesha leentyatyambo: Ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba, ngokuhambelana nokuphela kwehlobo kunye nokuqala kwekwindla.
- Uvuvuzelo: Ngumthombo obalulekileyo wencindi yeenyosi kunye nezinye iipollin ekupheleni kwehlobo lonyaka, iququzelela i-biodiversity yendawo.
- Iimeko zokukhula: Ikhetha ilanga eligcweleyo kunye nomhlaba owomileyo ukuya kumodareyitha, isoloko inemijelo elungileyo. Iqinile kwaye ivumelane ngokulula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
- Indawo efanelekileyo: Ifanelekile kwiigadi zeentyatyambo zasendle, amadlelo, imida yokuhombisa okanye iigadi zelizwe, ukongeza umbala kunye ne-rusticity.
Izithako ezisebenzayo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokubaluleka kwe igrindelia kwi-phytotherapy yiyo ukubunjwa okucebileyo kwezithako ezisebenzayo:
- Oleoresin: I-10 ukuya kwi-20%, ejongene nokuthungwa kwayo okunamathelayo. Ucebile kwi-sesquiterpenes (njenge-beta-farnesene, i-germarranene, i-alpha-humulene, i-bisabolene) kunye ne-diterpenes (i-grindelic acid).
- Ioyile ezifunekayo: Kubandakanya i-pinenes, i-borneol, i-terpineol, i-alpha / i-beta-pinene, ebonelela ngeempawu ze-expectorant kunye nephunga elibonakalayo.
- Phenolic acid: Njenge-ferulic, i-chlorogenic, i-caffeic, i-p-hydroxybenzoic, i-vanillic, kunye ne-p-coumarinic acid. Ziyi-antioxidants ezinamandla kunye ne-anti-inflammatory.
- Iiflavonoids: Ezi ziquka i-quercetin, i-luteolol, i- kaempferol, kunye ne-apigenin, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, kunye ne-vascular-boosting effects.
- I-saponins kunye ne-mucilages: Nge-expectorant, i-antitussive kunye nemiphumo emollient.
- Iitannins zegallic, i-acetylenic derivatives (efana ne-matricarianol) kunye ne-phytosterols (grindelol).
- Ezinye iikhompawundi: I-acids enamafutha, i-ceryl alcohol kunye ne-alkaloids eyahlukeneyo efana ne-grindelin.
Yonke le ndibaniselwano yenza i-grindelia ibe sisityalo izicelo ezininzi zonyango, ngokukodwa kwindlela yokuphefumula, inkqubo yokugaya kunye nesikhumba.
Imbali kunye nezicelo zemveli: ukusetyenziswa kookhokho phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama
I-Grindelia idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwi Iyeza lemveli laseMelika. Izizwe zemimandla eyahlukeneyo zasebenzisa ithuba labo iindawo zasemoyeni (iintyatyambo, amagqabi kunye namagqabi) ukwenza amalungiselelo amayeza agubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezigulo:
- Izifo zokuphefumla: Yayisetyenziselwa ukukhohlela, i-bronchitis, i-asthma, i-emphysema, kunye ne-pharyngitis. Iintyatyambo ezomisiweyo, ezidityaniswe nobusi, zaziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokunyanga umqala, ukubanda, kunye ne-asthma engapheliyo, kunye neempawu eziphawulekayo ze-mucolytic kunye ne-expectorant.
- Iingxaki zesisu kunye nesibindi: Iingcambu ezomileyo, eziphantsi kwaye zenziwe kwi-infusion, zinokusebenza njengento yokucoca okanye isibindi.
- Iimeko zeDermatological: Isetyenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukuthomalalisa irhashalala, dermatitis, ukutshisa, ukulunywa, amathumba, kunye netyhefu ivy eruptions.I-Toxicodendron), ukukhusela izifo kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
- Ukhathalelo lwezintso kunye nomchamo: Amalungiselelo athile ancediswa kwi-renal colic, ukusuleleka kwi-urinary tract, kunye nokucoca i-urinary tract, ethatha inzuzo ye-antibacterial and antimicrobial action.
Kulo Western Pharmacopoeia, i-grindelia yayibandakanyiwe kwaye yaqatshelwa iminyaka emininzi kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-America naseYurophu ngeengxaki zokuphefumula, i-cystitis, i-catarrh, kunye neemeko zesikhumba ezinzima.
Iimpawu zonyango kunye nesenzo se-pharmacological
Izifundo zaselabhoratri kunye namava ezonyango zemveli zixhasa imiphumo emihle ye-grindelia kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:
- Isenzo se-Antimicrobial kunye ne-anti-inflammatory: Enkosi kwindibaniselwano yeepolyphenols, phenolic acids kunye neeresin, ibonisa umsebenzi ochasene neebhaktheriya ezifana ne I-Diplococcus pneumoniae y Bordetella pertussis, ukongeza ekusebenzeni ngokuchasene nomngundo.
- I-Expectorant kunye ne-antitussive effect: I-Saponins, i-mucilages kunye neoli efunekayo ikhuthaza ukugxothwa kwe-mucus kwaye ikhulule ukukhohlela okuqhubekayo.
- I-Antispasmodic (ukuphefumla kunye ne-digestive tract): Iququzelela ukukhululeka kwemisipha ye-bronchial kunye ne-gastrointestinal, ukuphucula iimpawu ze-asthma, i-bronchitis kunye ne-spasms yesisu.
- I-Antiasthmatic: Ngenxa yemiphumo yokuphumla kwimisipha ye-bronchi, inceda ukunciphisa iziganeko zokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma.
- I-Balsamic kunye ne-soothing emqaleni: Iphelisa ukucaphuka kunye neentlungu emqaleni ngexesha lomkhuhlane kunye nosulelo.
- Vitamin P isenzo: I-Flavonoids yomeleza i-capillaries, inceda kwiimeko ze-varicose veins kunye ne-capillary fragility.
- Antirheumatic kunye ne-antioxidant: Iboniswe kwiinkqubo ze-rheumatic kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-oxidative oxidative.
Ukongeza, imele ukuba i-antibacterial, impiliso, i-vulnerary kunye ne-antifungal, okwenza kube yinto epheleleyo yokunyanga izifo, amanxeba kunye neemeko zesikhumba.
Izibonakaliso kunye neenzuzo zonyango ze-grindelia
- Iingxaki zokuphefumla: I-asthma, i-bronchitis, i-emphysema, ukukhohlela, i-catarrh, i-pharyngitis kunye ne-laryngitis.
- Ukuphelisa umqala obuhlungu: Ndiyabulela kwiipropati zayo ze-balsamic kunye ne-anti-inflammatory, ide isetyenziswe kwiifomyula zorhwebo zomqala obuhlungu.
- Iintlungu zesisu: Ikhuthaza ukuphumla kwezihlunu zangaphakathi, ukukhulula i-colic kunye ne-cramps.
- Iinkqubo zeRheumatic kunye nemithambo ye-varicose: Ngenxa ye-antioxidant, i-anti-inflammatory kunye nesenzo sokuqinisa iinwele.
- Iingxaki zolusu: Iluncedo kunxibelelwano lwe-dermatitis, ngakumbi ukusuka ekuvezweni kwizityalo ezihlabayo ezifana ne-poison ivy, kunye nokutshisa, ukulunywa, ukubetha, izilonda kunye nezilonda eziphumayo.
- Usulelo lokuchama: Ngenxa yee-antimicrobial compounds, inceda kwi-bladder kunye ne-urethra.
Amalungiselelo kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa i-grindelia
I-Grindelia ingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwingxaki ekufuneka inyangwe:
- Ukunyuswa: Itispuni enye yeentyatyambo ezomisiweyo okanye imiphezulu ngekomityi nganye yamanzi ashushu, igxadazela imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuhluza. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiikomityi ezintathu ngosuku kucetyiswa ngeengxaki zokuphefumla.
- IiTinctures kunye neencindi zotywala: Basebenzisa kakuhle i-resin kunye nezithako ezisebenzayo. Zilungiselelwe ngokugubungela isityalo nge-ethyl alcohol kunye nokuvumela ukuba i-macerate iiyure eziyi-12-24. Emva koko zilawulwa zixutywe emanzini, ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi okanye yonyango.
- Iipowders kunye ne-capsules: Iintyatyambo ezomisiweyo ezincitshisiweyo zibe ngumgubo zingasetyenziselwa ngomlomo okanye ngezihloko, njengoko kuchazwe yimveliso ekhethekileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa okusentloko: I-powder okanye i-tinctures, ehlanjululwe emanzini okanye ixutywe neoli yemifuno, isetyenziswe esikhumbeni ukunyanga i-dermatitis, ukutshisa, ukuluma kunye nezilonda.
- Ukwenziwa ngumphunga: Ngeengxaki zendlela yokuphefumula, isityalo sinokufakwa kumanzi ashushu kunye ne-steam inhaled.
Zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwii-herbalists kunye neevenkile ze-intanethi, kwaye ziza kwiitinctures, izicatshulwa, iti, ii-capsules, kunye nomgubo, phakathi kwezinye iifomathi.
Contraindications, izilumkiso kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka
I-Grindelia isityalo esithathwa njengekhuselekile kwiimeko ezininzi, nje ukuba i-dosage ebonisiweyo ihlonitshwa. Kwiidosi eziphezulu kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwesisu okanye iingxaki zezintso..
- Ukukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa Ukusetyenziswa kwayo akukhuthazwa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo ngenxa yokungabikho kwedatha ecacileyo malunga nokhuseleko lwayo.
- Abantu abanesifo sezintso: Kufuneka bakuphephe, ngakumbi ukuba sele befumana unyango lweengxaki zezintso.
- Ukudibana kweziyobisi: Kufuneka kulumke xa uthatha amayeza e-antihypertensive. Soloko udibana nengcali yezempilo phambi kokuba uqalise naliphi na iyeza lesintu.
- Imiphumela: Zinqabile, kodwa ukucaphuka kwe-gastric mucosa kungenzeka ukuba idosi okanye ixesha lonyango lisetyenziswa kakubi.
Apho unokufumana khona i-grindelia kunye neengcebiso zokusetyenziswa
Amalungiselelo eGrindelia zifumaneka lula kwiivenkile ezizodwa kunye nabathengisi onlineKubalulekile ukuba uhlale ukhetha iimveliso ezisemgangathweni, ngokukhethekileyo ziqinisekisiwe, kwaye uzithenge kumaziko athembekileyo.
Eyona ndlela idumileyo yokubonisa zezi:
- IiTinctures kunye neencindi ezinxilisayo
- Ukufakwa kweentyatyambo ezomileyo
- Iipilisi kunye nomgubo
- Amalungiselelo ezihloko kunye namakhrimu
Soloko ufunda ileyibhile kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yomenzi. Ukuba eli lixesha lakho lokuqala usebenzisa i-grindelia okanye unesimo esithile sempilo, qhagamshelana nochwepheshe bezempilo kuqala.
Izifundo zenzululwazi kunye nebhayibhiliyografi kwigrindelia
Ukusebenza kwe-grindelia kuye kwaxhaswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo iimvavanyo ze-in vitro kunye nezifundo ze-pharmacological:
- Iqhezu leresin belisebenza ngokuchasene I-Diplococcus pneumoniae y Bordetella pertussis.
- Uphando malunga nokwakheka kweekhemikhali luchaza ubukho be-triterpenes, i-sapogenins, i-phenolic acids, i-flavonoids kunye namafutha abalulekileyo.
- Iimbekiselo zebhayibhiliyografi ezifanelekileyo kumazwe ngamazwe zixhasa ukhuseleko, ukuba luncedo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwegrindelia, kubandakanywa ushicilelo lwenzululwazi kunye necompendia yamayeza esintu.