Nutmeg Ngenye ye ezona ziqholo zixatyiswe kakhulu nezifunwayo Kwi-cuisine yehlabathi, eyaziwayo ngokubonelela ngevumba elimnandi kunye nencasa kuzo zombini izitya ezimnandi nezimnandi. Ifakwe kwiiresiphi ze-iconic ezifana ne-béchamel sauce ye-croquettes, i-pasta sauces, iitapile, i-cannelloni, kunye ne-lasagna, kunye neesosi ezidumileyo ezifana ne-carbonara, i-nutmeg ixhaphake kwisityu, isuphu, i-omelets, amaqanda aqhekekileyo, kunye nezimuncumuncu. Ngaphandle kokuba yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla ekhitshini, imbali yayo inomdla njengoko ibuhlungu: emva kwale mbewu incinci kukho ixesha elidlulileyo elizaliswe ziingxabano, iihambo ezichukumisayo, kunye nefuthe lezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nendalo eziye zafunyanwa izithako ezimbalwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iziqholo, ngokubanzi, ziye zaba ngabadlali abaphambili kwimbali yoluntu. ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokulondoloza kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukunika incasa kunye nevumba lokutya. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni kwabo ukutya, iziqholo ezifana ne-nutmeg izicelo zonyango kunye nezithambiso ezisasebenza nanamhla. Ingxabano ngorhwebo lwabo yaba yintsusa ye uphendlo, izinto ezifunyenweyo, iimfazwe kunye notshintsho lwemo yezopolitiko eyaguqula imephu yehlabathi.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda ngohambo olunika umdla lwe-nutmeg ukusuka kwi-Spice Islands ekude ukuya ekhitshini lakho? Sijoyine kolu hambo oluya entliziyweni yembali egcwele iimfihlo, amandla, kunye nencasa.
Yintoni i-nutmeg?
I-Nutmeg ivela kumthi we-Myristica fragrans, umthi oluhlaza onokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20 ubude, ungowentsapho ka Myristicaceae. Ekuqaleni ukusuka kwi Iziqithi zaseMoluccas EIndonesia, lo mthi ubugqalwa njengobutyebi bokwenene bezityalo kangangeenkulungwane.
Isiqhamo seMyristica siyanuka Inokwakheka kwe-ovoid kunye nombala wekrimu. Xa sele ivuthiwe, intlama yayo ivuleka ize iveze imbewu ngaphakathi ejikelezwe ngumaleko obomvu noyinyama ekuthiwa maceLe ngubo imangalisayo iyahlukana kwaye yomiswe, ibe sisinongo esixabiseke kakhulu, esinencasa ye-orenji kunye nencasa encinci kune-nutmeg ngokwayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwindongomane enye, umntu ufumana Iziqholo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: i-nutmeg kunye ne-mace.
I-Nutmeg injalo ayisiso isiqhamo esipheleleyo, kodwa kunoko i-endosperm yembewu. Imbewu ikholisa ukuba yi-20-30 mm ubude kunye ne-15-18 mm ububanzi, kwaye iqinile, iphunga elimnandi. I-Mace, inxalenye yayo, inika izitya umbala we-orenji kwaye ithandwa kakhulu kwiiresiphi ezinemibala.
Zombini iziqholo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni, kodwa zikwakhutshwa iioyile ezifanelekileyo y ibhotolo ye-nutmegI-oyile efunekayo isetyenziswa kukutya, kwi-perfume, kwizinto zokuthambisa, nakwimizi-mveliso yamayeza. Ibhotela ebomvu ebomvu ityebile kwi-trimyristin kwaye inezicelo zoshishino, ukusuka ekutyeni ukuya kwizinto zokuthambisa.
La Myristica fragrans Ayiyiyo yodwa indidi yohlobo lwayo olusetyenziswa njengesiqholo. Eminye imithi efana Myristica argentea (Papuan nut, evela eNew Guinea) kunye Myristica malabarica (Indongomane yeBombay, evela eIndiya) isetyenziswa njengezinye izinto, nangona eyona nto ixatyiswayo iseyindidi ezisuka kwiZiqithi zeMoluccas.
Ukukhulisa umthi we-nutmeg kufuna imozulu yetropikhi eshushu nefumileyo, umhlaba ochumileyo onokuhambisa amanzi. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla: iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo zivunwa ngezinti ezinde kwaye ziyekwe ukuba zome kangangeeveki phambi kokuba zigalelwe iziqholo kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo.
Ukubaluleka kwembali yeziqholo kunye ne-nutmeg
Kangangeenkulungwane, iziqholo ezifana ne-nutmeg zazikho injini yoqoqosho lwehlabathi nomthombo wamaphulo, izivumelwano, iimfazwe, nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi. Ixabiso labo eliphezulu labaguqulela ekubeni yimali kunye nesimboli sokunethezeka. AmaRoma ayezisebenzisa njengeziqholo neziqhumiso, ngoxa ama-Arabhu ayelawula urhwebo lwawo, ezihambisa kwiindlela zaselwandle ezisuka kwiZiqithi zeMoluccas zisiya eYurophu.
Ukulawulwa kwe-nutmeg kunye nezinye iziqholo kwakunqwenelwa kakhulu kangangokuba kwavelisa iingxabano zobukoloniyali kunye neentshukumo ezinkulu zamanani abantu. Ngenxa yeSilk Road, abantu baseVenice bandise ukusasazwa kwabo kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwaye benza amathamsanqa. Ixabiso le-nutmeg lalikhe ladlula lelegolide, kwaye kuphela abona bantu bazizityebi babenokulifumana.
Amagunya aseYurophu—iSpeyin, iPortugal, iNgilani, yaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, iHolland—abandakanyeka kumlo onzima wokulawula iSpice Islands nezityalo zazo ezixabisekileyo. Le nzondelelo yokhuphiswano yaba nemiphumo eyintlekele kubemi basekuhlaleni, ngokukodwa kwiZiqithi zaseBanda, apho ulawulo lwamaDatshi lwatshayela inkoliso yabemi.
Ibali le-nutmeg libonisa indlela ubutyebi bendalo obunokutshintsha ngayo ikamva labantu bonke kunye nokuba negalelo njani kuphuhliso longxowankulu kunye neenkqubo zanamhlanje zorhwebo zehlabathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwembali kunye nenkcubeko ye-nutmeg
- eRoma: Kukholelwa ukuba abefundisi bamaRoma babetshisa i<em>nutmeg njengesiqhumiso. Nangona ithiyori iphikiswa, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okunevumba elimnandi nokuphilisayo kwakunxulunyaniswa nokuphila kakuhle kunye nokomoya.
- Kwiminyaka ephakathi: I-Nutmeg yaba ngumqondiso wodumo kunye namandla. Iimonki zamaxesha aphakathi kunye noogqirha basebenzise ukutya ukutya, kwaye kwakukholelwa ukuba kuyanceda zikhusele kwisibetho, yiyo loo nto yayithandwa kwaye ibiza kakhulu.
- I-Arabia kunye neVenice: Ama-Arabhu ayelawula urhwebo lwe-nutmeg ngaphesheya koLwandle oluBomvu kunye neMeditera, kwaye amaVenetians ayisa eYurophu ngakwiSilk Road, evelisa ubutyebi obukhulu kwizixeko ezinjengeVenice.
- España y Portugal: Ukhuphiswano lolawulo lweendlela zeziqholo lwakhokelela kwizivumelwano zembali kunye nohambo olukhuthazayo olufana nolo lukaChristopher Columbus, ukukhangela iindlela ezintsha eziya e-Indies. Ukutyikitywa kweSivumelwano saseTordesillas kunye nezivumelwano kunye noSultan waseTernate kubonakalisa ubukhulu bempembelelo yesi siqholo kwimbali yehlabathi.
- eHolland: AmaDatshi, kunye neenkqubo zawo zokukhangela izinto ezintsha, athatha ulawulo lwentengiso ye-nutmeg kwaye aseka i-monopoly enegazi kwiZiqithi zaseBanda, ukugxotha kunye nokutshabalalisa abemi bendawo ukuqinisekisa amalungelo akhethekileyo kwimveliso kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle.
Inyaniso eyothusayo yileyo I-nutmeg encinci ngamaxesha athile embali inokuxabisa ixabiso lendlu okanye inqanawa. EYurophu, yagqalwa njengobunewunewu obangela inkululeko yemali kwabo babenayo ngokomlinganiselo othile.
Ukwandiswa kwehlabathi kunye nemveliso yangoku
Namhlanje i-nutmeg ikhuliswa kakhulu I-Indonesia kunye neGrenada, ekhokelela kwimveliso yehlabathi, nangona ikhona naseIndiya, eMalaysia, ePapua New Guinea, eSri Lanka nakwiziqithi ezininzi zeCaribbean. Imfuno yehlabathi ihlala iphezulu, kunye nemveliso yonyaka phakathi kwe-10.000 kunye ne-12.000 yeetoni ze-nutmeg kunye ne-1.500 ukuya kwi-2.000 yeetoni zemace.
Ezona ntengiso ziphambili yiYurophu, iUnited States, iJapan kunye neIndiya, ukongeza kumaziko amakhulu okuthumela ngaphandle afana ISingapore kunye neNetherlandsUmthi uvelisa isivuno sawo sokuqala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 kunye ne-9 emva kokutyala kwaye ufikelela kwincopho yesivuno kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala, uqinisekisa imveliso engaguqukiyo kumashumi eminyaka.
Ukwandiswa kwezorhwebo kuthetha ukuba i-nutmeg yasuka ekubeni yinto engaqhelekanga kunye nesithako esingafikelelekiyo ukuya ekubeni yinxalenye yeencwadi zeresiphi eziqhelekileyo zamazwe angenakubalwa, ngakumbi kwii-cuisines zaseYurophu ezifana neDatshi, iBavarian, isiTaliyane nesiFrentshi, kunye ne-Indian cuisine, apho iyimfuneko kwi-curries kunye neelekese.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCulinary kunye nokusetyenziswa kwanamhlanje kwe-nutmeg
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kwe-nutmeg kuhlala kunjalo i-condiment enencasa enkulu kunye nevumba. Idityaniswe, igcwelwe okanye ibe ngumgubo, ibe:
- Ukutya okunencasa: Iisosi (i-béchamel, i-carbonara), i-stews, isuphu, i-legumes, i-omelets, amaqanda aqhekekileyo, inyama, intlanzi kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zepasta.
- Ikhitshi eliswiti: Iikeyiki, iikeyiki, iipancakes, iicustards, iiflans, kunye nencasa yeziselo ezishushu ezifana netshokolethi nekofu.
- Iipasile zamazwe ngamazwe: Kubalulekile kwiisoseji zaseBavaria (Weißwurst), i-curry mixes, kunye ne-Indian garam masala.
- Ukutya kwamashishini kunye neziselo: Ngenye yezithako eziyimfihlo kwiresiphi yeCoca-Cola, kwaye ikhona kwiisyrups, i-liqueurs, kunye neemveliso zamachiza.
- Iicocktails: Kutshanje, ide isetyenziswe kwiicocktails, ezinje ngeCuba Libre yakudala.
Ukwenza ubuninzi bephunga layo, kungcono ukuthenga i-nut yonke kunye yigcobe kanye phambi kokuba uyisebenziseIioyile zayo eziyimfuneko ziguquka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye incasa entsha inamandla ngakumbi kwaye i-nuanced.
Iimpawu zonyango kunye nezicelo zemveli
I-Nutmeg ixatyisiwe ngenxa yayo iipropathi zamayeza Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ingumthombo weevithamini (A, B, noC), i<em>folate, i<em>riboflavin, i<em>niacin, neeminerali ezinjenge<em>calcium, i<em>phosphorus, i<em>magnesium, i<em>iron ne<em>potassium.
- Usetyenziso lokwetyisa: Isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukugaya, ukulwa ne-flatulence kunye nokunciphisa intlungu yesisu.
- Isenzo se-antibacterial kunye ne-anti-inflammatory: Inceda kunyango lweengxaki zomlomo, iingxaki zeentsini kunye nosulelo oluncinci.
- Iziphumo zokuthoba kunye nokuphumla: Kwiyeza lemveli lalisetyenziswa kwi-infusions ukuzolalisa imithambo-luvo, ukuphumla izihlunu kunye nokuququzelela ubuthongo.
- Usetyenziso lwezihloko: Ioli efunekayo, exutywe nobusi okanye ezinye izithako, isetyenziswe kwiimaski zobuso, njenge-exfoliant yendalo, kunye nokunyanga i-rheumatic okanye i-toothaches.
- Ukuthintela izifo zentliziyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphakathi kukhuthaza ukujikeleza kunye nokuqinisa inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nutmeg njengeyeza kuyaphandwa. inambuzane yendalo, ukusebenzisa ioli yayo ebalulekileyo ukugcina iinkozo ezigciniweyo kwizinambuzane.
Imingcipheko, ukuchasana kunye netyhefu ye-nutmeg
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nutmeg kufuneka kube phakathi., kuba kwiidosi eziphezulu kunokuba yingozi. Oyena unoxanduva kwezi ziphumo myristicin, ikhompawundi eguquguqukayo ekhoyo kwioli yayo ebalulekileyo kwaye ihlelwa njenge-narcotic. Ukuba i-dose ephakanyisiweyo idlulile (ngaphezu kwe-6 grams ngosuku kubantu abadala), imiphumo emibi kakhulu ingenzeka.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingephi: Ukozela, isiyezi, ukudideka, umlomo owomileyo, ukwanda kobushushu bomzimba.
- Kwiityhefu ezinzima kakhulu: Ii-allucinations, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukuxhuzula, intlungu ngokubanzi, kunye neziqendu zengqondo.
- Umngcipheko kumaqela asemngciphekweni: Ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala, ubuthi bunokwenzeka nakumadosi angaphantsi kwaye bunokubulala.
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokwemveli njengeyeza lokuqhomfa: Ngaphambili, ibisetyenziselwa ukukhupha isisu kwiinkcubeko ezithile, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kulinganiselwe kakhulu kwaye iingozi zempilo zingaphezulu kweenzuzo zayo.
Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo okanye okugqithisileyo kunokubangela umonakalo wesibindi, iingxaki zentliziyo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, Kunconywa ukuba uhlale uyisebenzisa ngamanani amancinci kwaye ugweme ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko zokukhulelwa okanye isifo sesibindi.
IiCuriosities kunye ne-etymology ye-nutmeg
Igama Myristica Ivela kwisiGrike samandulo esithi "myristikós", elithetha "ivumba elimnandi, elilungele ukuthanjiswa", ngokubhekiselele kwiphunga elibonakalayo kunye neempawu ezivumba zeziqhamo zayo.
I-Nutmeg ithathwa njenge "golide yeziqholo." Kwiimarike zexesha elidlulileyo, ixabiso layo laliphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuba nayo yayiluphawu lwesimo kunye nobutyebi, kangangokuba Kwakunokwenzeka ukuthenga indlu okanye isikhephe esinesandla esilula samantongomane kunye nentambo yakhe.
Ukongeza kwigama lesiSpanish elithi "nuez moscada", yaziwa kumazwe ngamazwe njenge "Nutmeg" (isiNgesi), "Muskatnuss" (isiJamani), "Noix de muscade" (isiFrentshi), "Nootmuskaat" (isiDatshi), "Noce moscata" (isiTaliyane), "Muskot" (isiSwidi) kunye ne "Pala" (isi-Indonesian).
Umdla omangalisayo kubukho be-nutmeg kumashishini anamhlanje okutya kunye namayeza: isetyenziswa kwintlama yamazinyo, iisyrups zokukhohlela, iziqholo, kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinevumba elimnandi kunye ne-antibacterial.
Imveliso yangoku yehlabathi isakhokelwa yi-Indonesia kunye neGrenada, kwaye nangona i-nutmeg ayisekho i-spice ebiza kakhulu, imfuno yayo kunye nexabiso lenkcubeko lihlala liphezulu kakhulu. Kwi-Dutch cuisine, umzekelo, kubalulekile kwaye enye yezona zixhobo zendabuko.
Kuyo yonke imbali, i-nutmeg imele ngaphezulu kwe-condiment elula: ibe luphawu lwamandla, ubutyebi, ukutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko, kwaye, ngokudabukisayo, kunye nobundlobongela bekoloniyali kunye nengcinezelo. Uhambo lwayo olusuka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo eMoluccas ukuya kumakhaya kwihlabathi liphela bubungqina bempembelelo ubutyebi bendalo obunokuba nayo kuphuhliso lwempucuko, uqoqosho lwehlabathi, kunye nobudlelwane bamandla.