La Crossandra infundibuliformis Sesinye sezona zityalo zixabisileyo ezihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala. Intyatyambo yayo ebukekayo, amagqabi akhazimlayo, kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo eyinikayo iyahlula njengokhetho lokuhombisa oluguquguqukayo, olulungele zombini umhombiso wangaphakathi-ukuba kukho ukukhanya okuninzi-kunye neepatio kunye neegadi ezikwimozulu epholileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yayo imvelaphi yetropikhi kunye neemfuno ezibuthathaka, kunokuba lucelomngeni ngokwenene ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhula kakuhle kangangeminyaka yaye inamandla amakhulu. Ukuba ukhe wathenga i-crossandra kwaye wayibona ibuna xa kufika ukwindla, ungakhathazeki: ngokulandela uthotho lwezikhokelo zokhathalelo olubanzi, esiziphonononga ngokucokisekileyo kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, kunokwenzeka ngokugqibeleleyo ukonwabela ubuhle bayo bonyaka emva kwexesha.
Imvelaphi kunye nokusabalalisa kwendalo kweCrossandra
La Crossandra infundibuliformis Luhlobo lwamatyholo osapho Acanthaceae, inzalelwane ikakhulu kwimimandla etshisayo ekumazantsi eIndiya, apho imozulu ishushu, ifumile kwaye izinzile unyaka wonke. Ikwafumaneka ngokwemvelo eSri Lanka naseThailand, kwaye iguqule ngempumelelo kwamanye amazwe aseAsia aneemeko ezifanayo.
Namhlanje, ngenxa yokomelela kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka, Iye yenziwa ngokwendalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoMbindi MerikaNangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwale mimandla yetropiki, isityalo sinokwenzakala kakhulu ukuba sichanabeke kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, imimoya ebandayo, okanye ukungabikho kokufuma, izinto ezidla ngokunciphisa ukulinywa kwaso kwindawo enemozulu epholileyo. Ke ngoko, xa ikhuliswe kwimimandla engaphandle kwendawo yayo yokuhlala, ihlala isetyenziswa njengeentlobo zangaphakathi okanye kwiimbiza, njengoko kulula ukuyikhusela kwiinguqu zemozulu kunye nokulungelelanisa iimeko kwiimfuno zayo.
Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye nokuhlobisa
I-Crossandra infundibuliformis sisityalo esihlala ixesha elifutshane, njengoko ihlala phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 kunye ne-4 phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula. Inkangeleko yayo ihlangene kwaye intle, ifikelela phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-60 yeesentimitha ubude, nangona kwindawo yayo yendalo inokufikelela kwi-1,5 yeemitha kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, njengoko eminye imithombo yezityalo ixela.
Amagqabi agqamile ngenxa yokuqina kwawo umbala oluhlaza oqaqambileyoAmagqabi awo aphelele, ahluka ngobume ukusuka kwi-elliptical ukuya kwi-ovate ukuya kwi-lanceolate, kunye neencam ezijikelezayo ezincinci kunye nemithambo emhlophe ecacileyo. Amagqabi anokufikelela kwi-17 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye malunga neesentimitha ezi-5 ububanzi, kwaye akhule ngokuphambeneyo kwiziqu ze-herbaceous ezihlala zikhanya kancinci kwisiseko ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Owona mtsalane mkhulu ulele kwi ukudubula kweentyatyambo ezininzi kunye nexesha elide. Iintyatyambo zivela, ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko, ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo kunye nasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ifani yabo eyahlukileyo okanye imilo yexilongo inika uhlobo igama layo (ifundibuliformis (othetha “ifaneli emile” ngesiLatini). Imibala iqhele ukuvela kwi-orenji enzulu, isalmon, ebomvu, isalmon ephaphazelayo, kunye netyheli, kwaye iipetals zayo ziqokelelwe kwi-inflorescences eshinyeneyo. Intyatyambo nganye iqhele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 yeesentimitha kwaye ihlala ibumba amaqoqo ahonjiswe kakhulu.
Emva kweentyantyambo, ivelisa ii-capsules ezincinci, ezi-elliptical ezinembewu encinci. Ezi capsules zinokuqhekeka zivuleke ngokukhawuleza ukuze zisasaze imbewu, uphawu oluququzelela ukwanda kweentlobo.
Iimeko zokukhanyisa ezicetyiswayo kunye nendawo
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo ekulinyweni kwe Crossandra infundibuliformis kukufumana indawo eyiyo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle:
- Kuninzi ukukhanya, kodwa hayi ngokuthe ngqo: I-crossandra iyakuthanda ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo kufuneka kuthintelwe, ngakumbi ngeeyure ezishushu kakhulu zemini. Ilanga elithe ngqo linokubangela ukutsha kwamagqabi kunye nokuguquka kombala weentyatyambo, kunciphise ubomi besityalo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usoloko ufuna indawo enomthunzi ophakathi okanye enokukhanya okuninzi okuhluzwe ngamakhethini amhlophe ukuba ikhule ngaphakathi.
- Ngaphakathi: Indawo yayo efanelekileyo ikumagumbi aqaqambileyo, kufuphi neefestile ezijonge ngasempuma okanye ngasezantsi, apho inokufumana ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo emini ngaphandle kokuboniswa kwidrafti. Ikona enelanga kodwa ehluziweyo yeyona ndawo ilungileyo, njengoko isityalo singabunyamezeli ubumnyama obude.
- Ngaphandle: Ukuba ikhulile kwigadi okanye kwi-terrace, kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ekhuselweyo kwimimoya ebandayo kwaye ikhethwa phantsi komthunzi odibeneyo, umzekelo, phantsi kwekhusi lezinye izihlahla okanye i-awning translucent. Kwiindawo ezinemozulu eshushu kakhulu neyomileyo, kubalulekile ukuyikhusela kubushushu bemini ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokonakala kwelanga.
- Ziphephe iindawo ezingasebenziyo: Kuzo zombini iimeko, kubalulekile ukuyigcina kude nedrafti ethe ngqo, njengoko isityalo sinokuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kweqondo lokushisa.
Imbiza okanye umhlaba? Ukukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa
Unikwe eyakhe uvakalelo olukhulu kwingqele, olona khetho lukrelekrele kwiindawo ezingezizo ezishushu kukukhulisa kuyo imbiza yeentyatyamboOku kuvumela ukuba kuhanjiswe ngokulula ukusuka kwigadi okanye kwi-terrace ukuya ngaphakathi ngexesha elibandayo, ngaloo ndlela ugweme umngcipheko womonakalo ongenakuguqulwa.
- Ukukhetha imbiza: Khetha izitya zodongwe okanye i-terracotta, njengoko ziyi-porous kwaye zikhuthaza ukuhamba komhlaba, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iimbiza zeplastiki zinokusetyenziswa ukuba nje zinemingxuma eyaneleyo yokukhupha amanzi.
- Ukufakelwa kwakhona: Kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge imeko yeengcambu rhoqo entwasahlobo. Ukuba isityalo siye sazibamba ngokupheleleyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usitshintshele kwimbiza enkulu. Ukutshintshwa kwentwasahlobo, ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuqala kwexesha lokukhula.
- Emhlabeni: Kwimozulu etshisayo okanye eshushu, ingatyalwa ngokuthe ngqo egadini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ukhululekile, uchumile, kunye nokukhupha amanzi kunye ne-pH eyaneleyo.
Iqhinga eliluncedo kakhulu kukutyala i-crossandra ngqo embizeni yayo, ingcwatywe egadini ngexesha lasentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ukwenza kube lula ukuyisusa kwaye uyingenise ngaphakathi ngokukhawuleza xa amaqondo obushushu ehla.
I-substrate efanelekileyo: iipropati kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba
La umgangatho wesubstrate Ibalulekile ekuphuhliseni i-crossandra kunye neentyantyambo zayo:
- Isubstrate pH: Esi sityalo ikhetha imihlaba eneasidi okanye engathathi hlangothiI-pH ephakathi kwe-5,5 kunye ne-6,5 lolona luhlu lufanelekileyo. Ukuba i-substrate i-alkaline kakhulu, isityalo sihlala sibonisa i-chlorosis kunye nokukhula kakubi.
- Ulwakhiwo kunye nokwakheka: Umhlaba kufuneka ube ilula, iguquguquka kwaye inemijelo egqwesileyoUmxube ofanelekileyo uquka umhlaba ochumileyo, i-peat, i-perlite, kunye, ngokuzikhethela, isanti encinci erhabaxa ukukhuthaza ukungena komoya.
- Izinto eziphilayo: Ifuna amanqanaba aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo. I-substrate inokutyetyiswa nge-compost esele ikhulile okanye i-worm castings.
- Iisubstrate ezikhethekileyo: Isubstrates ezilungiselelwe izityalo ezithanda iasidi (ezifana nezo ze azaleas okanye camellias) zidla ngokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokhathalelo lweCrossandra, sincoma ukuba ujonge icandelo lethu iintyatyambo zokuhombisa.
Ukuba unawo nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga ne-pH yomhlaba, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uwuvavanye ngeekiti ezithile, ezifumaneka kumaziko egadi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zilungile.
Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokufuma
El ukunkcenkceshela Sesinye sezitshixo ezisisiseko zokugcina i-crossandra ikwimeko efanelekileyo:
- Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo: Umhlaba mawuhlale ihlala ifumile kancinci, kodwa ayizange ihluthe. Amanzi amaninzi ngeveki ehlotyeni (amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokomisa kwe-substrate) kunye nokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda ekwindla nasebusika.
- Uhlobo lwamanzi: Sebenzisa amanzi angenayo ikalika okanye athotyiweyo, ngokukhethekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa. Amanzi aqinileyo abangela ukugcwala kwetyuwa enokonakalisa isityalo kwaye ibangele amagqabi abe tyheli. Ukufumana iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo, jonga inqaku lethu izityalo zangaphakathi ezidubula ebusika.
- Kuphephe ukugcwala kwamanzi: Kubalulekile ukuba ungashiyi amanzi amileyo kwisosari phantsi kwembiza, njengoko ukufuma okugqithisileyo kubangela ukubola kweengcambu, enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo.
- Ukufuma: I-crossandra idinga umoya omanzi (ngokufanelekileyo i-60% ukuya kwi-80%). Ukuba indawo engqongileyo yomile, ngakumbi kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezishushu, ukubeka imbiza kwi-saucer yeengqalutye kunye namanzi (ngaphandle kwesiseko esichaphazela ngqo amanzi) kunceda ukudala i-microclimate efumileyo.
- Kuphephe ukutshiza iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi: Nangona ezinye iincwadi zesikhokelo zicebisa ukuba amagqabi angenwe ngamanzi, kungcono ukuba ungamanzisi iintyatyambo okanye amagqabi ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko zinokuvelisa amabala okanye izifo ukuba aziyomiswanga ngexesha.
Uphawu lokunkcenkceshela okungonelanga kunye nokungabikho kokufuma kukugoba kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi kunye neentyatyambo, ngelixa ukunkcenkceshela okugqithisileyo kubonakala kuqala njengamagqabi abunile kwaye emva koko njengokubola kweengcambu.
Ukuchumisa kunye nokuchumisa okuthe ngqo
Ukufumana a iintyatyambo ezintle kunye nokukhula okunamandla, i-crossandra idinga ukuchumisa rhoqo:
- Rhoqo: Chuba qho kwiiveki ezimbini entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, angawona maxesha onyaka axakekileyo. Ukuba imozulu ishushu unyaka wonke, unokuchumisa nasekwindla. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neyona nto ingcono.
- Uhlobo lomrhumo: Khetha izichumisi ezilulwelo ezithile zezityalo ezidubulayo, ezityebileyo phosphorus kunye potassiumKukwacetyiswa ukuba ziqulethe i-micronutrients ezifana ne-iron, i-manganese, kunye ne-zinc, njengoko zibalulekile kwimpilo yesityalo.
- Izichumisi zendalo: I-Guano yenye yezona zichumisi zendalo ezilungileyo, kodwa kufuneka ihlale isetyenziswa kwiidosi eziphantsi kakhulu ukunqanda ukutshiswa kweengcambu okubangelwa kugxininiso olugqithisileyo.
Ebusika okanye ngexesha lokungalali, ukuchumisa kunokuncitshiswa kube kanye ngenyanga okanye kunqunyanyiswe ukuba isityalo siyeka ukukhula.
Ukuthena: Nini kwaye njani ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo
La ukuthena Akubalulekanga, kodwa ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu kwimpilo kunye nobuhle be-crossandra:
- Ukuthenwa ngonyaka: Pruna ekupheleni kweentyatyambo (ngokuqhelekileyo ekwindla), ukusika intyatyambo ibuyele kwisibini kwisithathu sobude bazo. Oku kunceda ukugcina ubume besityalo bubambene kwaye kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamasebe amatsha kunye namathupha entyatyambo kwixesha elilandelayo lonyaka.
- Ukususa amagqabi abunile kunye neentyatyambo: Kucetyiswa ukuba ususe rhoqo amaqabunga omileyo kunye neentyantyambo ezomileyo ukukhusela ukukhula kwefungus kunye nokugcina ukubonakala okunempilo.
- Uqeqesho lokuthena kwiisampulu ezincinci: Ukubethelwa kweengcebiso zamahlumela kukhuthaza i-denser branching kunye neentyantyambo ezininzi.
- Izixhobo ezicocekileyo: Sebenzisa izikere zokuthena ezicocekileyo nezingenazintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo lwezifo.
Ukuzala: iindlela kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo
La Crossandra infundibuliformis Iphindaphinda ubukhulu becala ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Ngembewu: Hlwayela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwi-tray okanye iimbiza ezincinci ezine-seedling substrate ekhethekileyo, ukuthambisa i-substrate kwaye ugqume kancinci imbewu. Gcina ibhedi yembewu kwindawo ekhuselekileyo enokukhanya okungathanga ngqo kunye neqondo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo (malunga ne-24-27°C). Imbewu intshula kwiintsuku eziyi-10-14. Emva kokuvela kwamagqabi amaninzi, tshintshela embizeni yokugqibela, unakekele inkqubo yeengcambu.
- Ukwenzela ukusikwa: Khetha iziqu eziphilileyo ezinomlinganiselo we-7-10 cm ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukusika ngaphantsi kwe-node kwaye ususe amagqabi asezantsi. Faka isicelo sehomoni ye-rooting kwisiseko kwaye utyale kumxube we-peat-sand okanye i-perlite. Gquma isikhongozeli ngeplastiki ecacileyo ukugcina ukufuma kwaye ubeke kumthunzi omalunga nama-20°C. Gcoba i-substrate ngokukhawuleza, ugweme ukubamba ukusika. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, xa kuvela amahlumela amatsha, anokubuyiselwa kwakhona.
Ukusasaza ngokusikwa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ukuba ufuna ukufumana izityalo ezifanayo nezokuqala kwaye ukhawulezise inkqubo yokukhula.
Izinambuzane, izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Ibonakala kwindawo ezomileyo nezifudumeleyo. Yenza ukuba tyheli kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi, kwaye ishiya iintambo zentambo ngaphantsi. Ithintelwa ngokugcina ukufuma okuphezulu, kwaye uhlaselo oluqatha lufuna unyango nge-acaricides ethile.
- Iintsholongwane: Babangela i-deformation kunye nobuthathaka kumahlumela amancinci. Zisuse ngesandla okanye ngeemveliso ezifanelekileyo ze-phytosanitary.
- Ukubola kweengcambu: Ibangelwa ngamanzi agqithisileyo okanye amanzi amdaka. Ibonakala njengamagqabi abunile kunye necrotic. Elona nyathelo lilungileyo kukuphucula amanzi, ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokusebenzisa ama-substrates alula.
- Amakhowa: Zinokuvela xa isityalo sikhuselwe kakhulu okanye i-substrate ihlala imanzi ixesha elide. Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo kwaye uqinisekise ukungena komoya okulungileyo.
- IChlorosis: Ukuba amagqabi ajika abe tyheli kodwa imithambo ihlale iluhlaza oko kusenokuba kungenxa yamanzi aqinileyo, i-pH engekho kakuhle, okanye ukunqongophala kwe-micronutrient. Lungisa i-pH kwaye usebenzise izichumisi ezityebileyo kwi-iron kunye ne-micronutrients.
Gcina enye ukufuma okuchanekileyo kwaye ukujonga isityalo rhoqo ngundoqo ekubhaqeni nasekulungiseni naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha.
Imozulu kunye nerusticity: ubuncinci kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu
La Crossandra infundibuliformis Ibuthathaka kakhulu kwingqele. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokukhula buphakathi kwe 20 kunye ne 28°C. Ubuncinci obunokunyamezela ngaphandle komonakalo ngu-10-15 ° C, nangona ukuhla kwexesha elide ngaphantsi kwe-10 ° C kunokubulala, ngakumbi ukuba kuhambelana nokufuma okuphezulu. Kwiindawo ezinobusika obunzima, isityalo kufuneka sihlale sigcinwe ngaphakathi, kude nedrafti kunye nemithombo yokushisa ngokuthe ngqo.
Amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-30°C anokunyamezela ukuba kubuyekezwe ngawo ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi olwaneleyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nexabiso lokuhombisa kwiigadi kunye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi
La crossandra Yaziwa ngexabiso layo lokuhombisa zombini kwi ukulima ngaphandle (kwiimozulu ezivumayo) njengakwi uhombiso lwangaphakathiIsetyenziselwa ukwenza imidibaniso ephilileyo kwiigadi zetropikhi, iipatios, amathafa, kunye neebhalkhoni ezikhuselweyo, kunye nesityalo esinezitya zokubonisa ekhaya. Ubungakanani bayo obubambeneyo kunye namagqabi akhazimlayo ayenza ilungele iitafile, iishelufa, okanye njengendawo esembindini kwii-conservatories kunye ne-conservatories.
Kuyilo lwegadi, idibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo nezinye iintlobo ezabelana ngeemfuno ezifanayo (ezifana ne-begonias, i-impatiens, okanye i-tropical ferns) kwaye ivumela ukudubula okungaphazamisekiyo ehlotyeni lonke.
IiCuriosities kunye ne-etymology
Igama Crossandra Ivela kwisiGrike esithi "krossos" (i-fringe) kunye ne "andros" (indoda, ebhekiselele kumalungu eentyatyambo zesilisa esiyindoda), ebhekisela kwinkangeleko yee-anthers eziphelileyo. Kwi-horticulture, kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye nemihlanganisela eyahluke kakhulu kukuqina kweentyatyambo kunye ne-shades, ukusuka kwi-orenji yakudala ukuya kumthubi ophaphathekileyo, isalmon, okanye ibomvu enzulu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokhathalelo lweCrossandra
- Kutheni i-crossandra yam ingadumi nje? Unobangela udla ngokunqongophala kokukhanya okanye ukunqongophala kwezondlo. Qinisekisa ukubonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo okungathanga ngqo kwaye uchumise rhoqo ngezichumisi ezityebileyo kwi-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium.
- Nini kwaye njani ukuyitshintshela? Kungcono ukwenza oku ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa isityalo siqala ukukhula. Yandisa ubungakanani bembiza kuphela kancinci ukunqanda ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwaye ukhuthaze ukukhula kweengcambu ezilawulwayo.
- Yintoni enokuyenza xa amagqabi aphuzi? Jonga i-pH yesubstrate, umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nenqanaba lokufuma. Lungisa ukunkcenkceshela xa kugqithise kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, unike i-chelated iron.