I-Chaya: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuKhathalela, iiPropati, kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweMveli

Yintoni iChaya? Imvelaphi kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo

Itshaya (ICnidoscolus aconitifolius) liphakathi ukuya kumde, isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza sikwintsapho ye-Euphorbiaceae, eyaziwa ngokubanzi eMesoamerica njengomthi wesipinatshi, i-candelaro, i-chicasquil, i-chichicaste, i-chayamansa, i-mala mujer, okanye i-quelite. Ivela kuSingasiqithi weYucatán eMexico, kodwa iyalinywa nakwimimandla yaseHonduras, eGuatemala, naseBelize, kwaye yaziswa kwiindawo ezitshisayo nezinemozulu eshushu eMelika, eAfrika naseAsia. Esi sityalo siyinxalenye yokutya kunye namayeza eengcambu zeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ukususela kumaxesha angaphambi kweSpanishi.

Yiyo isihlahla esiqinileyo nesinamandla, ekwaziyo ukufikelela kwiimitha ezi-6 ukuphakama phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Isiqu sawo sisemi-wood, siyakhazimla, kwaye singqindilili kakhulu, sinamasebe aethe-ethe kunye namagqabi ashinyeneyo, aluhlaza nzulu. Inkqubo yeengcambu zeChaya inomdla kwaye ingaphezulu, ivumela ukuba iqhelane noluhlu olubanzi lomhlaba.

• AmaSpredishithi: Amagqabi ayi palmate, makhulu (30-35 cm ubude kunye ne-25-30 cm ububanzi), kwaye anelobe ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 ezinzulu ezinemida enganzulwanga. Xa zisikiwe, zikhupha ilatex engqindilili, emhlophe, eshinyeneyo nencangathi.
• Iintyatyambo: Sisityalo esine-monoecious esineentyantyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe, ezihlanganiswe kwi-racemose inflorescences, zombini inkunzi kunye nemazi zikhona kwihlathi elinye.
• Iziqhamo kunye nembewu: Isiqhamo yi-pod ene-ovoid, imbewu ye-carunculated, nangona ukuveliswa kwembewu esebenzayo kuphantsi.

I-Chaya ineenwele ze-epidermal kwezinye iintlobo zasendle ezinokucaphukisa ulusu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uziphathe ngeeglavu.

Ukubunjwa kweMichiza kunye neZondlo zeChaya

Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kwi-chaya yile iipropathi ezinomsoco kunye ne-phytochemicalAmagqabi kunye neziqu ezithambileyo ziqulathe iikhompawundi ezogqitha eminye imifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza ngokwesondlo.

• Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali: I-Chaya iqukethe i-alkaloids, i-anthraquinones, i-phenols, i-phlobatannins, i-cardiac glycosides, i-saponins, kunye ne-tannins. Phakathi kwee-acids ezinamafutha akhoyo kukho i-stearic, i-myristic, i-oleic, kunye ne-palmitic acids. Kwakhona iqulethe i-sterols ezifana ne-β-sitosterol kunye ne-flavonoids ezifana ne- kaempferol-3-O-glucoside kunye ne-quercetin-3-O-glucoside, i-triterpenes, kunye ne-terpenes.
• Amaminerali: Igqamile kumxholo wayo ophezulu we i-calcium, i-iron, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-copper, i-sodium, i-zinc kunye ne-manganeseEzi ziminerali zibalulekile ekuphuhliseni amathambo kunye nempilo, ukusebenza kwemisipha, kunye ne-immune system.
• Iivithamini: Ityebile I-Vitamin A, i-vitamin C, i-niacin, i-riboflavin, kunye ne-thiamine, kunye ne-carotenoids kunye nezinye i-antioxidants zendalo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwesondlo kwi-100 g yegqabi elitsha:
  • Amanzi: 85,3%
  • Iiprotheni: 5,7%
  • Amafutha: 0,4%
  • Ifayibha ekrwada: 1,9%
  • Iyonke icarbohydrates: 4,2%
  • Uthuthu: 2,2%
  • Ikhalsiyam: 199,4 mg
  • Ifosforasi: 39 mg
  • Intsimbi: 11,4 mg
  • IPotassium: 217,2 mg
  • Ascorbic acid: 164,7 mg
  • I-Carotenoids: 0,085 mg
  • Ixabiso lamandla: 14,94 kcal

Ezi xabiso zenza i-chaya a ukutya okuphezulu zexabiso eliphezulu kwisondlo sabantu nezilwanyana.

Iipropati zeSondlo kunye neXabiso kwiCuisine yesiNtu

Amagqabi eChaya asetyenziswa njenge ukutya okunesondlo kakhulu kwaye iyaguquguquka ekhitshini. Kukutya kwendabuko yaseMayan, amagqabi aphekiweyo axutywe nombona kunye nezinye izithako ukwenza izitya eziqhelekileyo ezifana netamales, tortillas, kunye neesuphu. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya loo chaya mayingaze ityiwe ikrwada ngenxa yomxholo we-cyanogenic glycosides, ii-precursors ze-cyanide, ezipheliswe ngokupheleleyo emva kokupheka emanzini abilayo okanye ukuqhotsa ixesha elide.

• Ukupheliswa kwee-toxins: Ukuze i-chaya ikhuseleke ukutya, amaqabunga kufuneka aphekwe emanzini abilayo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20, ephelisa izinto ezinobuthi. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ungayipheki kwimigqomo ye-aluminium, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukusabela okunobuthi.
• Izitya eziqhelekileyo: Ukongeza kwi-tamales kunye ne-tortillas, i-chaya isetyenziselwa i-stews, i-casseroles, i-soups, kunye nokugubungela i-roasts. Ibonelela ngombala, incasa, kunye neprofayili efanelekileyo yezondlo ukuxhasa imifuno kunye nokutya kwe-vegan.
• Usetyenziso lokutya: Amagqabi awo asetyenziswa nakwishishini lokutya ukwenza isonka samasi, ukuthambisa inyama, kunye nokutyebisa iziselo zesintu neziselo ezihlwahlwazayo.

Iipropati zonyango kunye neeNzuzo zeMpilo

Kumayeza esintu kunye namayeza esintu, i-chaya inayo iipropati ezahlukeneyo zonyango zibangelwa kokubini amagqabi kunye nencindi. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona zinto zaziwa kakhulu kunye nosetyenziso olubhaliweyo:

• I-Anti-inflammatory kunye ne-antirheumatic: Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamagqabi e-chaya aphekiweyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwangaphakathi kunye nentlungu ye-rheumatic ngenxa ye-flavonoid kunye nomxholo we-antioxidant.
• Ukugaya kunye ne-diuretic: Iququzelela ukugaya, inceda ukuhlambulula igazi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezintso, ukukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwee-toxins ngomchamo.
• Isenzo kwigazi kunye nemetabolism: Iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zinegalelo ekuthobeni amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nokulawula i-glucose, okwenza ukuba kunconywe njengenxalenye yokutya kubantu abanesifo seswekile okanye i-dyslipidemia.
• Ukusetyenziswa okusentloko: Ilatex ephuma kumagqabi ayo iqatywa esikhumbeni ukususa iintsumpa, ukunyanga amathumba, nokunyanga ukulunywa zizinambuzane, ukutsha kunye neemeko zolusu.
• Isiqabu kwiimeko zesisu: Ukufakwa kunye namalungiselelo nge-chaya angasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki ezifana ne-dysentery, heartburn, constipation, kunye ne-flatulence.
• Ukomelezwa ngokubanzi: Ubuncwane bayo bokutya bunceda ukuqinisa izipikili, iinwele kunye nokuphucula impilo ebonakalayo, ngenxa ye-antioxidants kunye ne-carotenoids.
• Iyanika amandla kwaye iyavuselela: Kumayeza esintu, i-chaya ithathwa njengesityalo esonyusa inkumbulo, amandla omzimba, kunye noncedo ekubuyiseni kwizifo zentsholongwane.

Contraindications kunye neZilumkiso zoKutya iChaya

Nangona izibonelelo zayo ezininzi, i-chaya Kufuneka iphathwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngamanyathelo athile okhuselekoIsityalo siye savelisa iindlela zokukhusela ezibandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-cyanogenic glycosides kwaye, kwezinye iintlobo zasendle, iinwele ezihlabayo kunye nezicaphukisayo.

• Ubutyhefu: Ukutya amagqabi akrwada okanye angaphekwanga ngokwaneleyo kunokubangela ityhefu yecyanide. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukupheka amaqabunga imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwe-20 emanzini abilayo kwaye ulahle amanzi okupheka.
• Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-aluminiyam: Ukupheka i-chaya kwizikhongozeli ze-aluminium kunokuvelisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezikhupha i-toxins eyongezelelweyo.
• Imida yokusetyenziswa: Akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetyenziswe amaqabunga aphekiweyo angaphezu kwamahlanu ngosuku, njengoko ukutya okugqithisileyo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ngenxa yokuqokelela iikhompawundi zesibini.
• Ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo: Kwiintlobo zasendle, kucetyiswa ukuba unxibe iiglavu xa uvuna kunye nokuphatha amaqabunga ukuphepha ukucaphuka kwesikhumba.

La manyathelo aqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-chaya kukhuselekile kwaye izibonelelo zayo zinokunyuswa.

ITaxonomy, Isithethantonye kunye nentsingiselo yeGama

• Ubukumkani: IPlantae
• ICandelo: magnoliophyta
• Iklasi: magnoliopsida
• Myalelo: Malpighials
• Usapho: Iifayile
• Usapho: Crotonoideae
• Isizwe: Manihoteae
• Isini: Cnidoscolus
• Iintlobo: ICnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) IM Johnst.

• Infraspecific taxa:
  • ICnidoscolus aconitifolius NONE aconitifolius
  • ICnidoscolus aconitifolius NONE polyanthus
• Izithethantonye zeBhotani: Cnidoscolus chaya, Cnidoscolus chayamansa, C. napifolius, C. palmatus, Jatropha aconitabolius, phakathi kwabanye.

Igama Cnidoscolus Ivela kumagama esiGrike athi "umlotha" kunye "nameva," abonisa iimpawu ezihlabayo zezinye iintlobo kwi-genus. Isichazi aconitifolius Ibhekisela ekufaniseni kwamagqabi ayo kwi-aconite kunye ne-toxicity yayo.

Indawo yokuhlala, ukusasazwa kunye nokuguquguquka kweChaya

UChaya ngu iintlobo eziguquguqukayo kwimozulu kunye neemeko zomhlaba ezahlukeneyo. Ukuhanjiswa kwayo kwasekuqaleni kubandakanya kulo lonke uSingasiqithi weYucatan, iinxalenye zeTabasco, iBelize, iHonduras, neGuatemala, kodwa ikwafumaneka kweminye imimandla yeTropiki yaseMelika kwaye iye yaziswa ngempumelelo kwiindawo zaseAfrika (eNigeria, eGhana) naseAsia (India). Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokhathalelo lwezityalo ze-chaya, jonga esi sikhokelo esipheleleyo..

• Imozulu: Ithanda imozulu efudumeleyo, efumileyo, nangona inyamezela imbalela kakuhle kunye nokuphakama okuphantsi kwemozulu. Inokubulawa okwexeshana yiqabaka, kodwa ihlume ukusuka kwisiseko.
• Umgangatho: Ikhula kakuhle kumhlaba ochumileyo, ovundiweyo nodongwe oluvundiweyo, nangona inokukhula kuluhlu olubanzi lwemihlaba, kuquka imihlaba eludongwe olumnyama olutyebileyo ngee oxides kunye ne laterites.
• Iindawo zokuhlala zendalo: Amatyholo, amahlathi aluhlaza, amatyholo anameva, imisinga yemilambo enamatye neendunduma eziselunxwemeni, kwananjengocingo oluphilayo.
• Umboniso: Ingakhuliswa ekukhanyeni kwelanga okanye emthunzini. Kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, umthunzi omncinci unokuba luncedo ukukhusela uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwizityalo ezincinci.

Indlela yokukhulisa nokusasaza izityalo zeChaya?

I-Chaya ilula kakhulu ukusasaza kunye nokukhula, nakubantu abanamava amancinci egadini okanye kwigadi yasekhaya.

• Usasazeko: Ekubeni isityalo sinqabile ukuvelisa imbewu esebenzayo, indlela eqhelekileyo yokuvelisa i-vegetative, ngokusebenzisa ukusika okanye ukusika iziqu.
• Ukukhetha ukusikwa: Kusetyenziswa izigawu ezisikiweyo ezinobude obungange 15-20 cm okanye amagqabi anomthi ukuya kuma 80-100 cm ubude. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-cuttings enempilo, enamandla.
• Ukutyala: Izityalo ezisikiweyo zinokumiliselwa kwinkulisa okanye zityalwe ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba wokugqibela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isubstrate ifumile kodwa ayihluthi. Kubalulekile ukuhlala ujongisa isiphelo se-apical (incam ekhulayo) ukuya phezulu.
• Iingcambu: Inkqubo yokuqala yeengcambu iyacotha; isivuno sokuqala esibalulekileyo sikholisa ukwenzeka emva konyaka ukuya kwemibini, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zendawo.
• Ukuxinana kokutyala: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba izityalo zibekwe kwindawo ukuze ziqhube ukukhula kwazo kunye nokuvunwa kwamagqabi. Umgama oziimitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 phakathi kwezityalo wanele uphuhliso olugqibeleleyo.

I-Chaya Plant Care

• Ukukhanya: Ukutyala kufuneka kwenziwe kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe lilanga okanye umthunzi. Ukukhanya kuqinisekisa ukukhula ngamandla kunye nemveliso yamagqabi eninzi.
• Umhlaba: Nangona i-chaya iqhelana naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-substrates echumileyo, ephuma kakuhle, enodongwe. Phambi kokutyala, luluvo olulungileyo ukongeza izilungiso zendalo, ezifana nomgquba okanye umgquba obole kakuhle.
• Unkcenkceshelo: Ngexesha elomileyo, ukunkcenkceshela kucetyiswa kabini ukuya kathathu ngeveki. Ukunkcenkceshela kunokwahlulwa ngexesha lemvula, kuthintelwe ukugcwala kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uhlale ufumile, ngakumbi kwizityalo eziselula.
• Umbhalisi: Xa sele kuqalisiwe, kuya kukwanela ukuchumisa izityalo ekuqaleni kwexesha lemvula okanye kanye ngonyaka, kusetyenziswa izichumisi eziphilayo.
• Ukunyamezela: I-Chaya inyamezela kakhulu zombini iimvula ezinkulu kunye namaxesha embalela, nangona inokuthi ihlupheke kwiqabaka enzima kwaye ayinyamezeli imozulu ebandayo.
• Ukuprintwa: Njengoko isityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usithenwe ukugcina ubungakanani obulawulekayo kwaye ukhuthaze ukukhula kwakhona kwamagqabi athambileyo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Indlela yokuTyala i-Quelites: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokuKhula kunye nokonwabela obu Bubuncwane obuluhlaza

Izinambuzane, izifo kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-Chaya

I-Chaya yamkelwa ngenxa yayo ukumelana nendalo kwizinambuzane nezifo. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke, ngakumbi kwizityalo ezincinci.

• Ezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo: IiHornworms, ezifana netomato leafhoppers, zinokutshabalalisa izityalo ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, isityalo sikholisa ukubuya ngokukhawuleza ngokuntshula amagqabi amatsha.
• Ukhathalelo lothintelo: Ukugquma kwezityalo ezincinci kuyacetyiswa ukuze kugcinwe ukufuma nokulawula ukukhula kokhula. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithintelo zomzimba okanye izibatha zezandla ngokuqhelekileyo zanele ukukhusela umonakalo omkhulu.
• Izifo: Izifo ezinzulu zinqabile kwi-chaya. Ukomelela kwesityalo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kusebenza njengokhuselo lwendalo. Ukuba ubona ukuba tyheli okanye ukuwa kwegqabi, oko kubangelwa kukufuma okugqithisileyo okanye iimeko ezimbi zomhlaba.

Ukuvuna kunye nokulawula isityalo seChaya

Xa i-chaya ifikelele ekuphuhlisweni okwaneleyo, amagqabi kunye nehlumela elithambileyo lingavunwa ngokuqhubekayo.

• Isivuno sokuqala: Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa emva komnyaka wokuqala okanye wesibini wokutyala, xa isityalo siphuhlise amagqabi amaninzi.
• Rhoqo: Izityalo ezizinzileyo zimelana nokuvunwa okuphindaphindiweyo kweencam zesikhondo kunye namagqabi amatsha ukuya kuthi ga kabini okanye kathathu ngeveki.
• Ukukhethwa kwamagqabi: Amagqabi athambileyo, abekwe ekupheleni kweziqu, akhethwa ngokutya; kufuneka zibe sisiqingatha sobukhulu bamagqabi aqolileyo okanye amancinci. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungavuni ngaphezu kwe-50% yamagqabi ukuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo siyakhula.
• Ukukhuselwa ngexesha lokuvuna: Ukuba uphatha iintlobo zasendle ezineenwele ezihlabayo, nxiba iiglavu ukuphepha ukucaphuka.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezondlo kunye nokutya kweChaya

I-Chaya idume kakhulu phakathi kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya. Isondlo sayo singaphezulu kunesipinatshi kunye neminye imifuno enamagqabi amaninzi. Kwishishini lemfuyo, isetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kwiinkukhu kunye nemfuyo, nokuba isentsha, yomisiwe, okanye kwisidlo semifuno.

• Ekhitshini:
  • Njengemifuno ephambili okanye esecaleni kwisobho, isityu, i-omelets kunye namaqanda aqhekekileyo.
  • EYucatán, isetyenziselwa ukusonga iitamales okanye njengenxalenye yokuzaliswa kwazo.
  • Ingasetyenziswa kwi-empanadas kwaye njengesithako kwiziselo ezihlaziyayo okanye i-infusions (ihlala iphekwe).
• Njengokutya ukutya: Amagqabi kunye neziqu ezityumkileyo, aphelelwe ngamanzi kwaye axutywe nezinye izithako zokondla izilwanyana ezifana neenkukhu kunye neenkomo.
• Kwishishini lokutya: Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yemifuno kunye ne-vegan ngenxa yeminerali ephezulu, iprotheni kunye nomxholo we-enzyme.

Umzekelo weresiphi yesiNtu: Chaya Tamales

• Izithako eziphambili:
  • I-1 kilogram ye-nixtamized corn dough
  • 1 indebe ye-chaya ephekiweyo kunye nenqunyulwe
  • 1 indebe yetshizi egayiweyo egayiweyo
  • Isiqingatha sekomityi yobisi olumanzi
  • intwana yetyuwa
  • Amaqanda angama-4-5 abilisiwe kwaye atyunjwe
  • I-oyile yokuqhotsa okanye amanzi okupheka
  • Igalikhi, itswele, itumato kunye nembewu yethanga
  • Itshizi entsha egayiweyo yokukhonza

1. Ukulungiselela: Xuba i corn masa, chaya, itshizi egayiweyo, ubisi, netyuwa de ube nentlama egudileyo. Yenza i-tortilla enzima kunye nentlama kwaye ugcwalise ngeqanda elinqunqiweyo.
2. Yenza ii-tamales kwaye uzipheke ngendlela othanda ngayo, nokuba uqhotyiswe ngeoli okanye uphekwe emanzini abilayo.
3. Lungiselela i-sofrito eyahlukileyo kunye negalikhi, i-anyanisi, i-tomato kunye nembewu yethanga.
4. Khonza i-tamales ehamba kunye ne-salsa kunye netshizi entsha egayiweyo.

Iingqwalasela zoLimo oluZinzileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweChaya

I-Chaya ivelele kungekuphela nje ngenxa yezondlo zayo kunye neempawu zonyango, kodwa nakwizinto eziphilayo kunye nexabiso elizinzileyo lezolimo.

• Phantsi kweemfuno zongeniso: Ayifuni izixa ezikhulu zezichumisi okanye izitshabalalisi, iyenza ibe yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yolimo lwendalo kunye nendalo.
• Ukunyamezela imbalela: Inqanaba layo eliphezulu lokumelana livumela ukuba igcine imveliso nangexesha lemvula encinci, ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lokutya kwiindawo ezisengozini.
• Ulondolozo lomhlaba: Ngokuphuhlisa amagqabi ashinyeneyo kunye nenkqubo yeengcambu ezingenzulwanga, isebenza njengesityalo sokugquma ukukhusela ukhukuliseko.
• Isebenzisa njengocingo oluphilayo: Ngenxa yokukhula kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqina kwayo, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphawula imida yomhlaba wezolimo kunye nezitiya zasekhaya.