I-Beetroot: Iimpawu, ukuLima, iiPropati kunye noKhathalelo olupheleleyo

Beet (Beta vulgaris) yenye yeyona mifuno inomtsalane, usempilweni kunye nezinto ezininzi ezinikezelwa yindalo. Ngombala waso omfusa onzulu, esi sityalo sesosapho lweChenopodiaceae kwaye sikhule ikakhulu kwimimandla eselunxwemeni kunye nemimandla yemozulu epholileyo. Kuye ngokwesiko wema ngaphandle zombini ixabiso layo culinary kunye yayo iipropathi zamayeza, ukuzibeka namhlanje njengokutya okusisiseko kwi-balanced diet. Ukongeza kokutyiwa kwiisaladi, iisobho, ijusi, kunye ne-stew, ii-beet zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweswekile kunye ne-biofuels, zikwabonelela ngeenzuzo zezolimo njengesityalo sokujikeleza kunye nokuphucula umhlaba.

Kweli nqaku uya kufumana yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga iimpawu, iintlobo, ukulima, ukhathalelo kunye neempawu yeebhithi, kunye neengcebiso, amaqhinga, kunye neenyaniso ezinomdla zokukunceda ufumane okuninzi kokutya okumnandi, zombini egadini yakho nasekhitshini.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili ze beet

El mvelaphi Imvelaphi ye-beetroot yanamhlanje ifumaneka kumanxweme eMeditera naseMntla Afrika. Iimbekiselo zembali ngokulinywa kwayo zifunyenwe ukususela kwixesha lamaGrike namaRoma, awayedla ngokutya amagqabi awo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukhetho lwendalo kunye nokungenelela kwabantu kuye kwavelisa iintlobo ezineengcambu ezithambileyo kunye nencasa, njengalezo sizityayo namhlanje. I-Beetroot sisityalo esikhula emva kweminyaka emibini, nangona sikhula rhoqo ngonyaka ukuze kusetyenziswe ingcambu.

Imilo: Ingcambu yebhithi ijiyile, iyinyama, iglobula okanye inde ngokwemilo, inobubanzi obuqhelekileyo phakathi Iisentimitha ezingama-5 nama-10 kunye nobunzima obuvela kwi-80 ukuya kwi-200 grams kwiintlobo zetafile. Umbala wayo oqhelekileyo yimpawu ebomvu-mfusa, ngenxa yobukho be-betacyanins, nangona kukho iintlobo zegolide, i-orenji, ipinki kunye nemhlophe. Amagqabi ahluma kwi-basal rosette enavy, aluhlaza nzulu ukuya kwincakuba emfusa yobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nayo inokutyiwa.

Enye yeempawu zayo eziphawulekayo yi umthamo wokudaya ulusu kunye nempahla, nangona ijusi yayo isuswa ngokulula ngokuhlamba ngetyuwa.

Ngokubhekiselele kumjikelezo wemveliso, i-beet ayifuni umhla omiselweyo wokuhlwayela; ingakhuliswa unyaka wonke ukuba ukufuma kunye neemeko zobushushu zanele. Olona luhlu lulungileyo lokukhula luphakathi kwe 15 kunye ne 18°C, nangona ikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu obuphakathi kwe 10 ukuya ku 24°C kwaye inyamezela iqabaka ekhanyayo kumanqanaba aphambili okukhula.

Iintlobo zeBeetroot: iintlobo kunye neempawu ezithile

• Ebomvu okanye ibhithi yetafile: Lolona didi luxhaphakileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwabantu, lungqukuva ukuya kwimilo engumbhoxo kancinane, lunyama, kwaye luswiti. Iindidi eziphawulekayo ziquka iDetroit Dark Red, iBoltardy.
• Chioggia beet: Ineringi ezipinki nezimhlophe ngaphakathi. Ithambile, ivuthwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ihombise kakhulu.
• Ibhithi yegolide: Mthubi-orenji ngombala, kunye nencasa ethambileyo, engaphantsi komhlaba. Ilungele ukukhanya, imihlaba efumileyo.
• Igazi leBull: Ngamagqabi aluhlaza kunye neziqu ezibomvu, zixatyiswa zombini iingcambu kunye namahlamvu athambileyo.
• Cylindra: I-beetroot ende, ilungele ukunqunyulwa kunye nokunkonkxa.
• Ifodder beet: Inkulu ngokobukhulu kwaye ineswiti encinci, isetyenziselwa ukutya kwezilwanyana.
• Ibhithi yeswekile: I-pulp emhlophe, ilinywa kwimizi-mveliso ukufumana iswekile (ukuya kuma-20% e-sucrose) kunye nemveliso ye-biofuel.

Ukuziqhelanisa nejografi: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi, ezinye iibhithi azikwazi ukumelana neqhwa, ezinye zifaneleka ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, kwaye ezinye zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokulawula. Oku kwenza iibeet zibe sisityalo esifikelelekayo kwihlabathi, elinywa kakhulu eYurophu, eRashiya, eUnited States, eJamani, naseUkraine, amazwe avelisa imveliso.

Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho, kwezentlalo nokusingqongileyo

Ukulinywa kwe-beet kuthatha indawo efanelekileyo ekusebenziseni kwayo ukutya kunye nesiseko soshishino lweswekile, kunye nomdla walo kwi ukuzinza kwezolimoSisakhamzimba, njengoko inceda ukuqhekeza imijikelo yezinambuzane, iphucula ubume bomhlaba ngenxa yeengcambu zawo ezinzulu, kwaye ibonelela ngezinto eziphilayo emva kokuvuna. Ngaphaya koko, ulawulo lwayo olusebenzayo lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kunye namanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izityalo zefektri, igalelo kwindalo eyohlukeneyo kunye nokuzinza kweenkqubo zezolimo.

I-Beetroot iye yavela ngenxa yokuphuculwa kofuzo kunye nobuchule bezolimo, ukuvumela ukwandisa izivuno kwaye uziqhelanise nemihlaba eyahlukeneyo.

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula

IBeetroot yohlulwe ngayo ukumelana y ukuba bhetyebhetye. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwayo olugqibeleleyo lufuna ingqalelo:

• Umgangatho: Ifuna umhlaba ikhululekile, inzulu, ikhutshwe kakuhle kwaye ityebile kwizinto eziphilayoEyona pH ilungileyo yi-6 ukuya kwi-7, nangona amaxabiso aphezulu kancinci anyanyezelwe. Ukuphucula imihlaba yodongwe yokukhulisa iibeet ukuba kunyanzelekile.
• UkudibanisaUdongwe olusetyenzwe kakuhle okanye umhlaba ovunduvundu oyisanti ufanelekile. Imihlaba ebambeneyo inokubangela iingcambu ezigogekileyo okanye ezingaphuhliswanga kakuhle.
• sezulu: Amaqondo apholileyo phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-18 °C, nangona yamkela i-10 ukuya kwi-24 °C, inyamezela iqabaka ekhanyayo kunye nokuphucula ubumnandi bayo ngobusuku obubandayo.
• Ilanga kunye nendawo: Ikhetha umthunzi, kodwa ifuna ubuncinci Iiyure ezi-6 zokukhanya kwelanga imihla ngemihla.

Kubalulekile ukuphepha umhlaba omanzi, njengoko amanzi amaninzi athintela ukutshintshiselwa kwegesi efanelekileyo kwiingcambu, ukukhuthaza izifo zefungal.

Indlela yokutyala iibhithi: ikhalenda kunye nobuchule

Ixesha lokutyala: Ingatyalwa ngokwamanqanaba unyaka wonke kwimozulu epholileyo. Eyona festile ilungileyo yokuhlwayela ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle iqala ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza ukuya ekupheleni kwehlobo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuhlwayela ekwindla kwiindawo ezinobusika obupholileyo.

• Ukulungiswa komhlaba: Sebenza umhlaba ngokunzulu (25-30 cm), susa amatye kunye nentsalela yezityalo, yongeza umgquba okanye umgquba obolileyo kwaye ulungelelanise umphezulu.
• Ukutyala ubunzulu: Beka imbewu phakathi 2-3cm ubunzuluUngawacwilisela kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwangaphambili ukwenza lula ukuntshula.
• Umgama phakathi kwemigca kunye nezityalo: Ukuhlwayela kwimisele eyahlukileyo 30-40 cm, ndishiya 5-10 cm phakathi kwezityalo emva kokuncipha. Kwiimbiza, qinisekisa ubuncinane ubunzulu be-30 cm.
• Ukunkcenkceshela kwangaphambili: Nkcenkceshela isubstrate phambi kokutyala kwaye ugcine ukufuma okungaguqukiyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala.
• Ukubhitya: Emva kokuba izithole zinamagqabi amabini okwenene, susa awona abuthathaka uqinisekise umgama owaneleyo (5-7 cm kukutya kwabantwana, 10-15 cm kwiingcambu ezinkulu).

Imbewu nganye inokuvelisa izithole ezininzi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphungula.

Ukujikeleza, imibutho kunye nokulima ekhaya

IBeetroot isebenzisa kakuhle kakhulu indawo kwaye injalo ubudlelwane obuhle kunye nezityalo ezifana negalikhi, itswele, ikhaphetshu, iimbotyi, iletisi, ikale, kunye neminqathe. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungakhuli emva kwezinye izityalo ezifuna izondlo. Ukuba uyikhulisela kwiitafile ezikhulayo, kwiiplanti, okanye kwiibhokisi ezikwibhalkhoni, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa izikhongozeli ubuncinci obungama-30 cm ubunzulu kunye nendawo etyebileyo yezondlo. Iibhiti zeentsana zifanelekile kwiiplanti ezingenzulu.

Ukunyamekela kunye nokugcinwa kwe-beet

IBeetroot sisityalo esilula ukusilawula ukuba oku kulandelayo kuhlangatyezwane nazo: inkathalo ebalulekileyo:

1. Unkcenkceshelo: Gcina ukufuma komhlaba rhoqo. Nkcenkceshela rhoqo kwaye ngokucokisekileyo ukuphepha ukugcwala kwamanzi. Amanzi amaninzi arhaxwa iingcambu aze abangele ukuba zibole, logama imbalela ivelisa iingcambu ezinefibrous, ezingalunganga. Uphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo, umhlaba ufuna phantse I-25 mm yamanzi ngeveki, kukhethwa ngokunkcenkceshela ngethontsi.
2. Ukususwa kokhula: Ulawulo lwezandla kunye ne-organic mulch ejikeleze izityalo kuthintela ukukhula kokhula kwaye inceda ukugcina ukufuma.
3. Ukuchumisa: Ifuna izondlo, ngakumbi i-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus. Gcoba izichumiso ezilungelelanisiweyo ekuqaleni kwaye uphinde ugalele initrogen rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 de ingcambu ibe ngqindilili. Yiya lula kwi-nitrogen kumanqanaba amva ukunqanda amahlamvu angaphezulu ngeendleko zeengcambu ezincinci.
4. Izifo kunye nezinambuzane: Ziqhelise ukujikelezisa izityalo kwaye ususe amagqabi awomileyo okanye agulayo ukuthintela ukungunda, iinematodes, kunye nezinye izifo. IBoron iyimfuneko ekuthinteleni ukubola kwentliziyo; ukusilela kubonakala njengamabala amnyama, atshoneyo.
5. Ukunciphisa: Susa izityalo ezibuthathaka kwangoko ekukhuleni kwazo. Oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezinkulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
6. Ukuthena amagqabi: Phambi kokuvuna, sika amagqabi ushiye inxalenye yesiqu ukuze ingcambu igcine izondlo zayo.

Iqhinga elenziwe ekhaya: ukuba uyazidyobha ngalo juice beetroot, gcoba izandla zakho ngetyuwa kwaye uhlambulule ngamanzi afudumeleyo ukususa amabala ngokulula.

Njani kwaye nini ukuvuna beet

Ibeetroot ilungele ukuvunwa xa ingcambu ifikelela phakathi kwe 4 kunye ne 8 cm ububanzi. Ixesha eliphakathi kokuhlwayela nokuvuna liyahluka phakathi Iintsuku ezi-50 ne-70 kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neemeko. Khetha ixesha apho imozulu ipholile, njengoko amaza obushushu anokukhawulezisa ukudumba (bolting) kwaye anciphise mgangatho kwingcambu.

Ngexesha lokuvuna, khulula umhlaba ojikeleze isityalo kwaye ukhuphe amagqabi ngobunono. Musa ukushiya iingcambu emhlabeni ixesha elide, njengoko zinokuphulukana nokuthamba kwazo. Amagqabi amancinci angatyiwa kwii saladi okanye abiliswe njenge chard.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa

Iingcambu zebeet ezintsha zigcina ngcono kwiindawo ezipholileyo nezifumileyo, phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-4°C, ezinomoya omhle. Ukuba amagqabi asusiwe, ashiye iqhekeza elincinci lesiqu, anokugcinwa kwiibhokisi ezigqunywe ngesanti efumileyo kangangeenyanga eziliqela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumgangatho. Kuphephe ukugcina imizekelo egruzukileyo okanye eyonakeleyo, njengoko ithanda ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kwaye yonakalise ngokukhawuleza. Amagqabi agcinwa iintsuku ezimbalwa efrijini kwaye asetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo xa esanda kuvunwa.

Iipropati zesondlo kunye neenzuzo zeebhithi

• Iivithamini: Ityebile kwi-vitamin C, iivithamini B (ingakumbi i-folic acid), kunye ne-vitamin A emagqabini.
• Amaminerali: Inika isinyithi, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium kunye nobhedu.
• Antioxidants: Umbala wayo uvela kwii-betalains, ii-antioxidants ezinamandla ezinceda ukulwa nokuguga kwamaselula.
• Ifayibha: Iphucula ukugaya, ilawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu kwaye ikhuthaza ukupheliswa kwee-toxins.
• Ii-amino acid: Umthombo weprotheyini yemifuno efaniswa lula.

Izibonelelo zempilo eziqinisekisiweyo: IBeetroot iyanceda rhoqo la presión arterialIphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi, iphucula ukusebenza komzimba, kwaye inciphisa ukudinwa. Iluncedo ekuthinteleni i-anemia ngenxa yomxholo we-iron kunye ne-folic acid, kwaye inegalelo kwimpilo yengqondo ngokunceda ukuthintela izifo ze-neurodeergenerative. Kunconywa ukunciphisa ukudumba, ukuphucula ukugaya kunye nempilo ye-hepatobiliary, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zomhlaza.

IBeetroot iqulethe into ebizwa ngokuba yi i-nitrate ye-inorganic, leyo emzimbeni iguqulwa ibe yi-nitric oxide, ejongene nokunciphisa imithwalo yegazi kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwimisipha kunye nengqondo. Kananjalo ineekhalori ezisezantsi, iyenza ibe kukutya okufanelekileyo kwizidlo ezilungelelanisiweyo.

Indlela yokusebenzisa iibeet: ukusetyenziswa ekuphekeni nasekuphekeni

Iibeet zinokonwatyelwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Ekrwada: Igayiwe okanye inqunyulwe kwiisaladi, i-carpaccios okanye i-smoothies.
• Kuphekiwe: Ibilisiwe okanye ifakwe ngomphunga ukugcina incasa kunye nombala wayo. Kungcono ukuyipheka ngesikhumba malunga neyure ukukhusela ukulahleka kwezondlo kunye nombala.
• Yosiwe: Ibalaselisa ubumnandi bayo kunye nama-nuances asemhlabeni.
• Kwijusi kunye nesmoothies: Ixutywe nezinye iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.
• Isityu kunye neesuphu: Njengesithako esiphambili kwi-borscht, i-creams kunye nezinye izitya.
• Ugcina: Kwiviniga, i-pickled okanye i-fermented.
• AmaSpredishithi: Isetyenziswe ibilisiwe okanye igalelwe njenge chard okanye isipinatshi.

Iibeet eziphekiweyo zixabiswa kakhulu kwiisaladi kunye neetapile, amaqanda, kunye nekhukhamba, kunye neviniga kunye neoli yokugqoka. Amagqabi awo athambileyo, aluhlaza anokuthi atyebise i-omelets, isuphu, okanye i-stir-fries.

Iingcebiso, amaqhinga kunye neenyaniso ezinomdla malunga neebhithi

• Iphepha leshishini: I-Sugar beet ngumthombo oyintloko weswekile kumazwe amaninzi kunye nesiseko se-biofuels.
• Amandla okufaka imibala: I-Betanin okanye i-betacyanin isetyenziswa njengombala wendalo kushishino lokutya.
• Ikhuthaza uzinzo: Njengesityalo esijikeleziswayo, ikhusela kwaye iphucula impilo yomhlaba.
• Unxulumano olulungileyo: Tyala iibeet ecaleni kwetswele okanye ilethisi ukuze wenze indawo ibe ngcono kwaye unciphise izifo.
• Iibhithi zomntwana: Khula kwiimbiza zeengcambu ezincinci kunye namagqabi athambileyo alungele iisaladi.
• I-Beetroot kunye neembaleki: Ijusi yeBeetroot yamkelwa ziimbaleki kwihlabathi liphela ngokukwazi kwayo ukwandisa ukunyamezela kunye namandla emisipha.

Kuyo yonke imbali, iibeet ziye zavela ekubeni zixatyiswe ngamagqabi ukuze zibe yenye yeentsika zokutya okunempilo kunye nezolimo zanamhlanje. Ukulima kwabo lula, ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto ezininzi ekhitshini kubenza baphumelele ukhetho kwabo bafuna ukuphucula ukutya kwabo kunye nokwandisa indawo egadini okanye ekhaya. Ngokukhetha uhlobo olulungele imozulu yakho, ukulungisa umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa ukhathalelo oluchazwe apha, uya kuqinisekiswa isivuno esikhulu, esikumgangatho ophezulu wokonwaba kwintaphane yeeresiphi kwaye uvune zonke izibonelelo zazo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Ukutyalwa njani iGarlic: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuKhula, ukuKhathalela, kunye nokuvuna inyathelo ngenyathelo