La IAraucaria bidwillii, eyaziwa njenge bunya pine okanye iBidwill's araucaria, Yenye yezona ntlobo zemithi zinika umdla kunye nezibonakalisayo kwihlabathi lezityalo. Inzalelwane empuma yeOstreliya, ngakumbi ingingqi yaseQueensland, le conifer igqame ngokubonakalayo kubukho bayo kunye nenkcubeko, indalo, kunye nexabiso lenkonzo ebibambele abantu baseAboriginal ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo. Ukuba unethuba lokutyala lo mthi ukhethekileyo kwigadi yakho okanye kwindawo engqongeyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kongeza umzekelo owahlukileyo ngokwenene kwingqokelela yakho yezityalo.
Imvelaphi, imbali kunye ne-etymology
IAraucaria bidwillii ixhaphake kwiindawo ezineentaba namahlathi eQueensland, eOstreliya.Kukho abantu abahlala kwindawo ephezulu kwiindawo ezinjengeeNtaba zeBunya, indawo yaseJimna, kunye neMount Lewis. Le mimandla ikwanti neyimizila yemfuza ikwimeko eseleyo yokusasazwa kwalo mthi, nto leyo eyathi yancitshiswa ngaphambili kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukunyibilika kwelizwekazi, nokuthintelwa kokusasazwa kwembewu yawo enkulu.
Igama eliqhelekileyo elithi "Araucaria" linemvelaphi yejografi, ebhekisela kwiphondo laseChile laseArauco, apho iintlobo zikhula khona IAraucaria araucanaI-epithet "bidwillii" ihlonipha uJohn Carne Bidwill, ingcaphephe yezityalo yaseBritani kunye nomkhenkethi oye wanceda ukusasaza olu hlobo kwiigadi zezityalo kwihlabathi jikelele. Igama eliqhelekileyo elithi "bunya-bunya" lisuka kwigama lemveli elisetyenziswa ngabemi bomthonyama baseOstreliya.
Inkcazo yezityalo kunye ne-morphology
- Ubungakanani kunye nokuzala: Umthi ohlala uluhlaza onokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-50 ubude, nangona imizekelo ephakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-40 yeemitha ixhaphake kakhulu. I-trunk yi-columnar, i-columnar, i-columnar, i-columnar kakhulu, iqondile, kwaye ayinamagatsha ngokubanzi kwinqanaba elisezantsi elibanzi. Isithsaba saso siqala ngobume bephiramidi xa sisemncinci, sivuleka ngakumbi kwaye singqukuva njengoko sikhula. Amasebe aphezulu akhulela phezulu, amasebe asembindini akhula ngokuthe tye, kwaye amasebe asezantsi athande ukugoba ezantsi.
- ICortex: Zingqindilili, rhabaxa, kwaye zinamaxolo, zimdaka ngebala okanye zibengwevu ngombala, amaxesha amaninzi zinamaqhuqhuva abonakalayo, zikhupha iipleyiti ezincinci ezithe tyaba kwaye ziveze amanqaku abonakalayo amasebe awileyo.
- AmaSpredishithi: Ineentlobo ezimbini zamagqabi ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala: i-juveniles i-lanceolate, phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5 cm ubude, iluhlaza eqaqambileyo, igudileyo kwaye icwangciswe ngokujikelezayo, ngelixa abantu abadala, bacwangciswe ngokukhawuleza kumasebe, bafumana ukuthungwa kwesikhumba, kunzima kakhulu kwaye kubukhali, ukugcina umbala ohlaza okhanyayo.
Uphawu olulodwa lwe IAraucaria bidwillii Kukungabikho komda obalaseleyo kumagqabi awo, nto leyo eyahlulayo kweminye imithi emininzi emikhulu. Amagqabi asele ekhulile athanda ukuwelana, enze inkangeleko ebambeneyo efana nerosette ejikeleze amasetyana.
Imithi ingaba dioecious okanye ngamanye amaxesha monoecious. Iintyatyambo zabo zihlanganiswe kwiicones (strobili): iintyatyambo zesilisa, zide kwaye zide zibe yi-20 cm ubude, zodwa kwaye zibekwe ekupheleni kwamahlumela asecaleni; iintyatyambo zemazi, ezinkulu kakhulu kunye ne-subglobose, zifikelela kwi-30 cm ububanzi kwaye zinobunzima obuyi-10 kg.
Uphuhliso, ukuntshula kunye nomjikelo wobomi
Ukuntshula kweAraucaria bidwillii kuyacotha kwaye kungaqhelekanga. Ngelixa ezinye izityalo zinokuntshula kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, olu hlobo lunokuthatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kunyaka ukuze imbewu yalo ivelise iingcambu zayo zokuqala. Isizathu soku kukuntshula kwe-cryptogeal: imbewu iphuhlisa i-tuber engaphantsi komhlaba apho ihlumela lasemoyeni liphuma kuphela xa iimeko zangaphandle zilungile, mhlawumbi njengendlela yokulungelelanisa ukoyisa amaxesha amabi okanye ukuphepha imililo rhoqo kwindawo yayo yase-Australia.
Ngokwendalo, izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-marsupials (macropods) kunye ne-possums, zisebenzisana ekusasazeni imbewu kunye nokugcinwa. Olunye uphando lubhale indlela ezi ntlobo zokuthutha okanye ukugcina amantongomane epine kumgama ukusuka kumthi womzali, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa amathuba okuvelisa ngempumelelo.
Xa sele kuqalisiwe, ukukhula kucotha ngokwentelekiso kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Inkqubo yeengcambu ikhula ngokunzulu, kwaye amagqabi amancinci ahlala ehlangene kwi-rosette de kube yi-branching yokuqala yokwenene. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, umthi uye uxhathise ingqele kwaye unokukhuliswa kwiindawo ezipholileyo nakwiindawo apho amaqondo obushushu angehla ukuya kutsho ku-zero degrees.
Iziqhamo, imbewu kunye nobungozi
Iicones zabasetyhini okanye iziqhamo ze-Araucaria bidwillii yenye yezinto ezikhangayo kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo. Ezi ziqhamo ziluhlaza bumnyama zikhulu, iicones zeglobose ezinobukhulu obungama-20 ukuya kwi-35 cm ububanzi kwaye zinobunzima obufikelela kwi-10 kg. Isiqhamo ngasinye siqulethe i-50 ukuya kwi-100 enkulu, imbewu edliwayo (4 ukuya kwi-7 cm), efana ne-pine nuts.
Ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo kunokuthatha iminyaka emithathu. Xa zivuthiwe, iicones ziyaqhekeka, zikhuphe imbewu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yobukhulu kunye nobunzima bazo, ukuwisa ngempazamo ikhowuni yepine evuthiweyo kunokuba yingozi, kunokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu ukuba ibethe abantu okanye izinto. Ngoko ke, Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphephe ukubeka le mithi kwiindawo ezihlala zihamba rhoqo. phantsi kwamasebe amade athwele iziqhamo.
Indawo yokuhlala, ukuziqhelanisa nokwabiwa
La IAraucaria bidwillii Ikhula kakuhle kwimozulu epholileyo, nangona ukuziqhelanisa kwayo kunezinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo. Ikhetha imihlaba echumileyo, enzulu, ephakathi ekhupha amanzi onomlinganiselo othile wokufuma. Nangona kunjalo, ingakhula kuyo yomibini imihlaba eyomileyo nakwimimandla eselunxwemeni kwaye inyamezele amaxesha aphakathi embalela xa sele iqinile.
- Usasazo lwangoku: Ithintelwe kwiindawo ezincinci ezigqagqeneyo eQueensland, eOstreliya, enabemi abakhuselweyo kwiindawo zokugcina kunye neepaki zelizwe.
- Umthamo wokuhombisa: Inkangeleko yayo emangalisayo kunye nokumila kwayo okungaqhelekanga kuyenze yaduma njengeentlobo zokuhombisa kwiipaki nakwigadi kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo.
Kwizixeko ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, ezinje ngeCadiz kunye neMelbourne, kukho imizekelo ephawulekayo yobabalo lweepaki ezinemifanekiso kunye neendlela.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemveli kunye nangoku kwe-Araucaria bidwillii
- Ukutya: Imbewu yeBunya, okanye ipine nuts, iyatyiwa kwaye ixatyiswe kakhulu ngabemi bomthonyama baseOstreliya. Zinokutyiwa zikrwada, ziphekwe, zosiwe, okanye zicolwe zibe yintlama ukuze kwenziwe isonka nokunye ukutya. Umthi uyonwabela iwonga elingcwele kwinkcubeko yama-Aboriginal, kunye nemibhiyozo kunye neendibano ezibanjwayo ukuqokelela kunye nokwabelana ngamandongomane epine kwizizukulwana.
- Amahlathi kunye nokwenziwa kwekhabhathi: Umthi okhrim we-Araucaria bidwillii uxatyiswa ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokusebenza kwawo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifanelekele ukuchwela, imixokelelwane, iibhokisi zematshisi, izikhephe ezilula, kunye nemitshayelo.
- Isihombiso: Ngenxa yobukho bayo obumangalisayo, ityalwe yodwa kwiigadi zezityalo nanjengomthi wesikhumbuzo kwiipaki.
- Ixabiso lendalo: Iziqhamo zayo ezikhulu zingumthombo wokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni, ngelixa i-canopy yayo eshinyeneyo kunye neengcambu ezinzulu zinegalelo kuzinzo lwe-ecosystem kunye nokugcinwa komhlaba.
Iimfuno kunye nezilumkiso
- Ixesha elide: Ngumthi ophila ixesha elide kakhulu, okwaziyo ukuphila iinkulungwane eziliqela phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
- Ingozi yokuwa kweecones: Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo zinokuba yingozi kwiindawo zezithuthi ngenxa yobukhulu kunye nobunzima bazo.
- Ukumelana neMozulu: Yakuba imisiwe, inyamezela ingqele ephakathi kunye neqabaka epholileyo, ikwazi ukuphila kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo ukuya kweleenjiko kumazwekazi awahlukahlukeneyo.
- Inkcubeko Ukubaluleka: Umthi wephazili wenkawu kaBidwill ungomnye wabameli bokugqibela bomnombo wendaleko, odibanisa ibhotani, inkcubeko, kunye ne-ecology ngendlela eyodwa.
I-Araucaria bidwillii ingaphezulu kakhulu komthi ongaqhelekanga; Imele umanyano lwendalo kunye nesithethe, ubuhle kunye luncedo, indaleko kunye nenkcubeko. Ubukho bayo obumangalisayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwamandulo, kunye nemfihlelo yokuzala kwayo kancinane kuyenza ibe bubutyebi obuphilayo obufanele ukuxatyiswa nokulondolozwa.
