Cacti, eyentsapho ICactaceae, zibe zizityalo ezizithandayo zangaphakathi nangaphandle kwabo bafuna ukubandakanya izityalo kunye ukugcinwa okuphantsi kunye nobuhle obahlukileyo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukusinda kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, kunye nobuhle obukhethekileyo bemilo yabo, kubenze ukuba babe ngumkhwa wokuhombisa ikhaya kunye neofisi, kunye nokugqibelela kwabaqalayo begadi.
Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi uya kufumana iintlobo eziphambili zecacti, indlela yokuzahlula kwezinye i-succulents, kwaye uya kufunda lonke ukhathalelo oluyimfuneko ukuzigcina zisempilweni kwaye zidlamkile. Siza kubandakanya ulwazi oluphambili malunga ne-succulents, kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo kunye neengcebiso eziphambili zokusombulula imibuzo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo.
Yintoni i-cactus? Umahluko phakathi kwe-cacti, i-succulents, kunye ne-succulents
Ukuqonda ngokwenene ihlabathi le-cacti kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi i-cacti, i-succulents kunye ne-succulentsLa magama ahlala esetyenziswa ngokufanayo, kodwa awathethi into efanayo:
- Cactus: Zonke izityalo zosapho lweCactaceae, zibonwa ngoozo ameva (amagqabi atshintshiweyo), izikhondo ezinyama kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukugcina amanzi ngamaxesha embalela.
- Izityalo ezinencindi: Ibhekisele kwi isetyu kunye nezicubu zenyama ukugcina amanzi, kodwa ayizizo zonke i-cacti. I-Crasas ligama eliqhelekileyo le-succulents.
- Iisucculents: Iquka zombini i-cacti kunye nezinye izityalo ezivela kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-echeverias okanye i-kalanchoes) ezigcina amanzi kumagqabi, iziqu okanye iingcambu.
La umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba yonke i-cacti yi-succulents, kodwa ayizizo zonke i-succulents ziyi-cacti. Umzekelo, i Euphorbia kunye ialoe vera Ziyi-succulents, kodwa hayi i-cacti.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-cacti
IiCacti ziye zavela siphile kwiimeko zembalela ezimandla, ukuphuhlisa ukulungiswa okunje:
- Izihlunu ezityebileyo zenyama ze ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
- Ameva ngenxa ukhuselo kwizilwanyana ezitya izityalo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwelahleko yamanzi ngokudlula.
- Iingcambu eziphezulu kunye nezibanzi zokufunxa ngokukhawuleza amanzi kwiimvula ezingaqhelekanga.
- Iintyatyambo ezintle, ezinemibala eqaqambileyo ezidla ngokuvuleka ixeshana elifutshane ukuze zisebenzise ithuba lokundwendwela izinambuzane.
Ezi mpawu zenza i-cacti izityalo ezixhathisa kakhulu, igqibelele kubantu abafuna ukhetho oluzinzileyo nolulula lokuhombisa.
Iintlobo eziphambili zecactus kunye neempawu zazo
Ihlabathi le-cacti libanzi, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-2.000 yeentlobo ezaziwayo ezahlulahlulwe kwiintlobo ezininzi. Ngezantsi, sibonisa ezinye ze eyona cacti idumileyo kunye nommeli wokulima ekhaya, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Uninzi lwecacti yangaphakathi eqhelekileyo
- I-Astrophytum myriostigma (ibhonethi kabhishophu): Ibonakala ngobume beenkwenkwezi, ubume obungenameva kunye namabala amancinci amhlophe. Ifuna ukukhanya okuninzi okungathanga ngqo kunye nokunkcenkceshelwa okuncinci.
- I-Gymnocalycium (i-chin cactus): Iglowubhu, encinci, kwaye inemibala. Ikhetha indawo eqaqambileyo kodwa inqanda ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo.
- mammillariaUmzimba wayo oyiglowusi kunye nentyatyambo ebukekayo emile okwesithsaba iyenza ibe luhlobo lokuhombisa kakhulu. Ilungele abaqalayo.
- Schlumberger (Krismesi cactus): Ibalasele ngenxa yeziqu zayo ezicandekileyo kunye neentyatyambo ezibonakala ebusika. Ikhetha ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo kunye ne-substrate emanzi kodwa engenamanzi.
- IEuphorbia lactea (iCrest cactus): Nangona ngobuchwephesha imnandi, ikhuliselwa inkangeleko yayo engaqhelekanga "ye-crested" kunye neemfuno zamanzi aphantsi.
- IHaworthia fasciata (isityalo seZebra): Ixabiseke kakhulu ngokuxhathisa kwayo kunye noyilo olunomtsalane lwamagqabi anemigca.
I-cacti yangaphandle kunye neentlobo ezinkulu
- ICarnegiea Gigantea (iSaguaro okanye iColumnar Cactus): I-icon yeentlango zaseMntla Melika, ikhula iimitha ezininzi kwaye iyingqayizivele kwiigadi ezinkulu kunye nemozulu eshushu.
- IOpuntia (ipere okanye icactus): Yomelele kakhulu, inamacandelo acaba kunye nameva. Ivelisa iziqhamo ezityiwayo kwaye iqhelana neembiza nezitiya.
- I-Echinocactus grusonii (isihlalo sikamamazala): Umzimba ongqukuva ogqunywe ngemiqolo yegolide. Ikhetha ilanga eligcweleyo kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nembalela.
- Trichocereus (itotshi cactus): Ikholomu ngobume, isetyenziswa kwiigadi ze-xerophilous ngenxa yokumelana kwayo kunye nobuhle beentyatyambo zayo ezinkulu.
I-cacti encinci kunye neentlobo ezinomdla
- Iirebhiya: Incinci ngobukhulu, kunye neentyatyambo ezinkulu xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu bazo.
- I-Lithops (ilitye lecactus): Ekwabizwa ngokuba "ngamatye aphilayo", alinganisa amatye amancinci ukuze azifihle kwindawo yawo yokuhlala.
- Ludumo: Icuthekile kwaye ineentyantyambo ezimangalisayo.
- IAstrophytum asterias (i-urchin yolwandle cactus): Ayinamqolo kwaye ithe tyaba, ilungele ukujonga i-anatomy yayo enomdla.
Iindidi ze-succulents kunye nezityalo ezinxulumene ne-cactus
I-Succulents kunye ne-succulents zihlala zihamba ne-cacti kumalungiselelo, njengoko zabelana ngeemfuno ezifanayo, nangona zineeyantlukwano ze-anatomical. Ezinye zezona succulents zidumileyo ziquka:
- echeveria: Amagqabi anenyama acwangciswe kwirosette kunye nemibala ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kwipinki.
- ialoe vera: Idumile kwiimpawu zayo zonyango kunye nokuchasana.
- I-Crassula ovata (umthi wejade): Amagqabi ane-oval kunye nenyama, i-bushy shape kwaye kulula ukukhula.
- Kalanchoe: Iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye namagqabi agcina amanzi amaninzi.
- I-Sempervivum (intyatyambo engunaphakade): Yomelele kwaye ihlala iluhlaza, yenza indawo efanelekileyo yokugquma iirockeries kunye neembiza.
- I-Sanseviera: Yaziwa ngcono ngokuba “lulwimi lwengwe”, inyamezela ukukhanya okuphantsi kwaye ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa okuncinci.
Ukhathalelo lweCactus ngokubanzi: iimfihlo zokulima ngempumelelo
I-Cacti ifuna ingqwalasela encinci, kodwa iyayidinga ngokuqinisekileyo inkathalo ebalulekileyo Ukuze bahlale besempilweni kwaye baphephe iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezinokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni. Ngezantsi, sichaza imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe:
Ukukhanya kunye nendawo
- Icactus yangaphandle: Bakhetha ilanga elithe ngqo, eligcwele imini yonke.
- Icactus yangaphakathi: Zibeke ecaleni kweefestile okanye kwiindawo eziqaqambileyo, kodwa kude nedrafti kwaye uthintele ilanga elithe ngqo phakathi kwemini ukuthintela ukutshiswa lilanga.
- Iisucculents kunye ne-succulents: Zifuna ukukhanya okukhulu, nangona ezinye iintlobo zinyamezela umthunzi okanye ukukhanya okuhluziweyo (okufana neSanseviera okanye iSchlumberger).
Ukuba uqaphela ukuba i-cactus yakho ide kakhulu okanye ilahlekelwa bukuqina, inokuba iyayifumana ukukhanya okuphantsiNgokuchasene noko, imibala emhlophe okanye emdaka ingabonisa ukutshisa.
Ukunkcenkceshela: isitshixo sempumelelo
El ukunkcenkceshela yeyona nkalo ibalulekileyo kwaye apho uninzi lwentsilelo lwenzeka khona:
- Entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni: Nkcenkceshela zonke iintsuku ezili-10-12, uqinisekise ukuba i-substrate yomile ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba uphinde unkcenkceshe. Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, unokuyandisa oku kube kanye ngeentsuku ezi-4-8 ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu kunye nohlobo lwecactus.
- Ukuwa: Kancinci ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela, ukuhambisa kwenye yonke imihla ye-8-10.
- Ubusika: Amanzi phantse akukho nto, kanye kanye rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-20-40 ukuba imo engqongileyo yome kakhulu. Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ukuba amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe-10°C.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, kukhethwa ukuba ufake isicelo a ukunkcenkceshela okulungileyo ngamaxesha athile egcina i-substrate ifumile kubunzulu, endaweni yokunkcenkceshela rhoqo komhlaba okukhuthaza ukubola kweengcambu.
I-substrate kunye ne-drainage
Cacti kufuneka a i-aerated kakhulu kwaye ikhupha i-substrate:
- Sebenzisa imixube ekhethekileyo ye-cactus okanye uzenzele eyakho nge-50% ye-universal substrate kunye ne-50% yesanti yomlambo erhabaxa, i-perlite, okanye ilitye lentaba-mlilo.
- Ziphephe ii-substrates ezinzima okanye ezixineneyo ezigcina amanzi kwaye zithintele ukukhula kweengcambu.
- Khetha iimbiza ezinemingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, yongeza isiseko segrabile ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi angaphezulu aphuma.
Ubushushu kunye nokufuma
ICactus khetha amaqondo obushushu ashushu Emini kwaye kuphole ebusuku. Zinochuku kakhulu kwingqele kwaye aziqheleki ukunyamezela amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-7°C, ngakumbi ukuba i-substrate ifumile. Ngexesha lasebusika, gcina i-cacti kwindawo epholileyo, ukuphepha ukufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo okomisa indalo.
Umgquba kunye nokuchumisa
La ukuchumisa inceda ukuvuselela ukukhula kunye neentyatyambo ze-cacti, ngakumbi ngexesha lonyaka osebenzayo:
- Sebenzisa izichumisi ezithile zecacti, ezityebileyo initrogen, i-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus izahlulo ezilinganayo.
- Gcoba zonke iintsuku ezili-15 entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, umise igalelo ekwindla nasebusika.
- Ukuba ujonge ukudubula kweentyatyambo, beka phambili izichumisi ezityebileyo kwi-phosphorus.
Ukuthena nokucoca
Uninzi lwe-cacti alufuni ukuthenwa, kodwa luluvo oluhle lokususa i-debris yeentyatyambo ezomileyo okanye iziqu ezonakalisiweyo ukukhusela izinambuzane kunye nezifo. Nxiba iiglavu ezityebileyo kunye nezixhobo ezicocekileyo, ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezinemiqolo ecacileyo.
Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo kunye neengcebiso kwi-succulents
Las i-crass kwaye imnandi Babelana ngeemfuno ezininzi kunye ne-cacti, kodwa kukho ama-nuances abalulekileyo:
- Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kweentlobo ezifana neKalanchoe kunye neHaworthia, nangona ihlala ivumela i-substrate ukuba yome ngokupheleleyo phakathi kokunkcenkceshela.
- Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi ezityalo ezifana ne-Echeveria okanye i-Sempervivum ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubola.
- Uninzi lukhetha ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa ezo zinamagqabi amancinane zinokutsha xa zifumana ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kwelanga.
- I-substrate kufuneka ibe khaphukhaphu kwaye ibe ne-porous, njenge-cacti, nangona unokunyusa kancinane umlinganiselo we-organic matter ye-non-cacti succulents.
Ungayikhetha njani eyona cactus yekhaya lakho okanye igadi
Ukukhethwa kwe-cactus efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Iimeko zokukhanya: Khetha iintlobo ezimelana nelanga ngaphandle kunye neentlobo ezinyamezela ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo ngaphakathi.
- Ubungakanani kunye nendawo: Cinga ngokukhula kwabantu abadala. I-Opuntia kwaye inokufikelela kubukhulu obukhulu, ngelixa i-Mammillaria, i-Rebutia, kunye ne-Lithops zihlala zihlangene.
- Injongo yokuhombisa: Ezinye i-cacti zikhuliswe ngenxa yeentyatyambo zabo zokubonisa (i-Schlumberger, i-Rebutia), ezinye ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo sokwakha (iCarnegiea, i-Trichocereus).
- Imfuno yokugcina: Ukuba ujonge ukumelana ne-ultra kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi, khetha iintlobo ezifana I-Echinopsis o umphanda cactus.
I-Cacti nayo idume kwiinkolelo ezinxulumene ne impilo-ntle ngokweemvakalelo, indawo yokusebenza ephuculweyo kunye nokufunxa ngemitha, nangona kungekho bungqina benzululwazi bokuxhasa zonke ezi ntsomi.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kukhathalelo lwe-cactus kunye nendlela yokuphepha
Izizathu eziphambili zeengxaki kwi-cacti zihlala:
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo: Ibangela ukubola kweengcambu. Khumbula, kungcono ukuyibeka ngaphantsi kunokuba uyigqithise.
- Ukunqongophala kokukhanya: ICacti idinga ukukhanya okuninzi ukuze ikhule. Ukuba zikhula ngomlenze kwaye ziphelile, yisuse imbiza kwindawo ekhanyayo.
- Isubstrate engafanelekanga: I-substrate enzima okanye edibeneyo ibangela ukugcwala kwamanzi. Sebenzisa imixube enesanti kunye negrabile.
- Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu: Zichaphazela kakhulu i-tropical cacti kunye neentlobo ezinokunyamezela okuncinci kubanda.
- Izichumisi ezigqithisileyo: Khulisa kuphela ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo.
Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo kwi-cacti kunye ne-succulents
I-Cacti inokuchaphazeleka yinto ethile izibetho nezifo leyo, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangoko, inokulawulwa ngokulula:
- Mealybugs: Izinambuzane ezincinci ezifihla kwi-areoles kwaye zivelise ubusi, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungi.
- Iintsholongwane: Utsalwa ngakumbi kwiintyatyambo okanye iziqu ezincinci.
- Amakhowa: Zivela njengamabala amnyama, ukubola okanye ukungunda, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokufuma okugqithisileyo.
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Ibangela ukujika kombala kunye nenkangeleko etyheli, ngakumbi kwimozulu eyomileyo kakhulu.
Ukunqanda, khangela ngamaxesha athile Coca izityalo zakho ngokucokisekileyo, coca amagqabi, kwaye ugweme ukugruzuka kwamanzi. Ukuba ufumanisa izinambuzane, ungasebenzisa izitshabalalisi eziphilayo okanye uzicoce ngesandla ngebrashi efakelwe utywala.
Ukwandiswa kweCactus kunye nokutshintshwa: inyathelo ngenyathelo
La ukuzala kwe-cactus Oku kwenziwa ikakhulu ngokusikwa, amahlumela okanye imbewu:
- Ukusika: Sika icandelo elinempilo kwaye uvumele ukuba liphilise iintsuku ezininzi. Tyala kumhlaba owomileyo namanzi okokuqala emva kweveki.
- Mncinci: Ukwahlula amahlumela asecaleni kwaye uwatyale kwiimbiza ezahlukeneyo.
- Imbewu: Zifuna amaqondo obushushu ashushu, ukufuma okungaguqukiyo, kunye nomonde njengoko ihlumela liphuma kancinci.
El ukufakelwa Kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3, entwasahlobo, usebenzisa i-substrate entsha. Sebenzisa iimbiza ezinkulu kancinci kwaye uphephe ukonakalisa iingcambu. Thatha eli thuba ukujonga imeko yesityalo kwaye unqumle naziphi na iingcambu ezonakalisiweyo.
Indawo yokubeka i-cacti ekhaya nasegadini?
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo, i-cacti inokubekwa:
- Kwiifestile, kwiishelufu, kwiidesika, nakwiindawo zokuhlambela (ukuba kukho ukukhanya kwendalo okuninzi, njengoko abanye bancedisa ukufuma).
- Kwiigadi zamatye, iibhedi ezinqabileyo kunye neendawo ezinelanga.
- Njengezinto zokwakha kwiindawo zokungena, iipatios kunye neendawo zangoku.
Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kwi ukubonwa lilanga, ekubeni ezinye iintlobo zinokutsha kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu.
I-Cactus engenameva: Iintlobo ezicetyiswayo kunye noNyango
Ukuba unomdla kwi-cacti kodwa ukhetha ukuphepha ameva, kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zasekhaya:
- I-Astrophytum asterias y I-Astrophytum myriostigma: ezinobuso obugudileyo okanye obunamaqhuqhuva amancinci.
- Lophophora williamusii: Ngombutho weglowubhule, ayinamnqonqo kwaye ixabiswa kakhulu ngabaqokeleli (ifuna iimvume ezithile zokurhweba kwamanye amazwe).
- Ukutyeba kakhulu euphorbia: Ijikelezwe kwaye ingenamqolo, nangona ngokobuchwephesha i-succulent.
- Schlumberger (Krismesi cactus): Ukongeza kwi-bloom yayo enhle yasebusika, ikhuselekile ekuthinteni kwaye ilungele ngaphakathi.
I-Cactus bonsais kunye namalungiselelo okudala
I-aesthetic versatility ye-cacti ikuvumela ukuba wenze bonsai kunye negadi ezincinci ngexabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa:
- Sebenzisa iintlobo ezixineneyo ezifana neMammillaria, iRebutia okanye iAstrophytum ukuya cactus bonsai.
- Yenza iingoma kwiimbiza eziphantsi ecaleni kwamatye kunye nezinye i-succulents.
- Khetha i-cacti ekhula ngokucothayo kwaye uyithene ngokuphakathi ukugcina imilinganiselo yesitiya esincinci.
Beka indalo yakho kwiindawo ezibalaseleyo, ezikhuselweyo kubanda kunye nokukhanya okuninzi.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga Nokhathalelo lweCactus
- Ngaba yinyani ukuba i-cacti ifunxa i-radiation kwizixhobo zasekhaya? Akukho zifundo zenzululwazi ezigqibeleleyo, kodwa ubukho bayo buphucula umgangatho womoya kwaye bubonelele ngokubonakalayo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kweemvakalelo.
- Ngaba ndingakwazi ukukhulisa i-cacti kwindawo yokuhlambela? Ewe, okoko nje kukho ukukhanya kwendalo okwaneleyo kwaye kungekho manzi. Iindawo ezifumileyo zinokukhuthaza ukukhula komngundo, ngoko ke jonga umoya.
- Indlela yokuvuselela iintyatyambo? Banike ukukhanya okukhulu, ukuphumla ebusika (ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela) kunye nesichumisi esityebileyo kwi-phosphorus entwasahlobo.
- Ndazi njani ukuba i-cactus yam iyagula? Amabala, ukuthambisa kwesiqu, kunye nokungabikho kokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukugqithiswa kwamanzi okanye ukuhlaselwa kwefungal. Yenza ngokukhawuleza ngokususa iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nokufaka kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Ngaba kuyingozi ukuba ne-cacti endlwini kunye nabantwana okanye izilwanyana? Ngaphandle kweentlobo ezikhethekileyo zetyhefu, eyona ngozi inkulu ngameva. Khetha iintlobo ezingenameva okanye uzigcine kude nabantwana abancinci kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokunyamekela ngempumelelo i-cacti kunye ne-succulents
- Sebenzisa iimbiza zodongwe eziphefumla ngcono kunezeplastiki.
- Musa ukutshiza amanzi kwiziqu okanye iintyatyambo ukuthintela ukubonakala kwefungus.
- Ventilate igumbi rhoqo, ingakumbi ebusika.
- Gcina iliso kwi-cacti: izityalo zikholisa ukuthembela kumthombo wokukhanya, ngoko ujikelezisa iimbiza ngamaxesha athile.
- Musa ukusebenzisa iisosi phantsi kweembiza ukuba amanzi angaphezulu agciniwe, njengoko oku kunokubola iingcambu.
- Jonga imeko yecacti yakho emva kwemvula enkulu okanye iqabaka ukuba ingaphandle.
Ukudibanisa i-cacti kunye ne-succulents kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla yindlela yokonwabela indalo kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci kunye nefuthe elibonakalayo. Ukukhulisa i-cacti kuzisa i-oasis encinci kwikhaya lakho, kwaye ngeengcebiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuchule, nabani na unokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zityalo ziqinileyo, ezintle zikhula ngokusempilweni kwaye zibonelela ngomtsalane wazo owahlukileyo iminyaka.
