Ubugcisa be ukufakwa kwecacti Bubuchule bakudala obuvumela iisampulu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukuba zidityaniswe kunye nokuyila isityalo esinye, kusetyenziswe eyona ingcono yaso ngasinye. Ngaba uyachukunyiswa zezo cacti zinemibala emininzi uzibona kwii-nursery nakwiivenkile ezikwi-intanethi? Fumana ngokweenkcukacha indlela i-cactus grafting eyenziwa ngayo, kutheni iluncedo, zeziphi iintlobo ezicetyiswayo, kunye nokunyamekela ezi zityalo ezizodwa zifuna emva kwenkqubo.
Yintoni i-graft kwaye yenzelwe ntoni?
El ukumiliselwa kwi-cactus Ibandakanya ukudibanisa iziqwenga ezibini zezityalo ezahlukeneyo ukuze zikhule njengento enye. Isiseko, esibizwa isiphunzi okanye ipateni, inika iingcambu kunye nenxalenye yesiqu, ngelixa i-graft ngokwayo ibonelela ngeempawu zokuhlobisa ezifunwayo, njengombala, imilo okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga.
Kutheni kuxhunyelelwa? Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
- Ukuphindaphinda kweentlobo ekunzima ukusasaza, njenge-cacti engazingcambu kakuhle kwi-cuttings okanye imbewu.
- Ukuphuhliswa kwe-cacti enemibala eqaqambileyo, ngakumbi ezo zingenayo iklorofili kwaye zingakwazi ukuphila zodwa.
- Ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kunye neentyatyambo yeentlobo ezicothayo, usebenzisa iziseko ezinamandla ezivuselela ukukhula kwazo.
- Gcina izityalo ezigulayo, ukudlulisela inxalenye ephilileyo kwingcambu eyomeleleyo.
- Fumana iimilo ezikhethekileyo, njenge-crested cacti (cristations), kunye nokuphucula ukuchasana neemeko ezimbi.
Yeyiphi i-cacti enokufakelwa? Iingcambu ezicetyiswayo kunye ne-grafts
Ayizizo zonke i-cacti ezihambelanayo, nangona iintlobo ezininzi zivuma ukuxhunyelelwa kakuhle ukuba ziyintsapho enye. Kubalulekile ukuba omabini amalungu abekho esempilweni kwaye ekhula ngokukhutheleyoEzona zixhaphakileyo izihlunu zengcambu zezi:
- IHylocereus undatus: Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyamezele umhlaba omanzi, nangona ubomi bayo obuncedo njengesiseko bulinganiselwe (iminyaka emininzi).
- Echinopsis pachanoi, spachianus, macrogonus, peruvianus: ixesha elide kwaye lixhathise, lilungele ukuxutywa kwexesha elide.
- Imyrtillocactus geometrizans: Igqwesileyo kwicacti encinci, exineneyo.
- I-Trichocereus sp.: Bamelana nokubanda kakuhle kwaye banikeze ukuchasana okukhulu.
Idayamitha yesiphunzi kufuneka ilingane okanye ibe nkulu kancinane kunaleyo yecactus eza kumiliselwa. Phakathi kwe-cacti ethandwa kakhulu kwi-grafting Imithambo yegymnocalycium mihanovichii, mammillaria, I-Astrophytum, Iirebhiya y UMelocactus, ngokukodwa kwiindidi ezinemibala eqaqambileyo.
Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokumiliselwa kwecacti?
Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokumiliselwa kwecactus lixesha lokuhluma intwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo, xa zombini izityalo zikhula kwaye zigcwele incindi. Unokukubona oku kumbala oqinileyo kunye nokuthungwa kwe-turgid yezicubu zabo. Ukugcina i-cacti yakho ngaphakathi okanye kwi-greenhouse kuya kukunika ukuguquguquka okukhulu, kodwa uphephe ubusika kwaye uzame ukusebenza ngeentsuku ezifudumeleyo, ngokukodwa kusasa.
- Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili, nkcenkceshela isiphunzi kakuhle ukuze usigcine sikwimeko efanelekileyo.
- Kuphephe ukumiliselwa ngeentsuku ezibandayo, ezimanzi okanye xa izityalo zibonisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo.
- Emva kokufakelwa, faka isityalo kwindawo eqaqambileyo, efudumeleyo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala.
Izinto kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo
- Isiphunzi seCactus esempilweni kwaye ekhula.
- ICactus ukumiliselwa, eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo zokuhombisa.
- Incakuba, i-scalpel okanye imela, ibukhali kwaye inzalo (ngotywala, ibleach diluted okanye ilangatye).
- Iibhendi ze-elastic, ukugoqa iplastiki okanye iteyiphu ukubamba uxhulumaniso.
- Utywala okanye isisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane ukucoca isixhobo ngaphambi nasemva kokusikwa ngakunye.
- Ukufakela iwax (ukhetho, ukutywina amanxeba kumanxeba amakhulu).
Indlela yokumilisela i-cacti inyathelo ngenyathelo
- Ukulungiselela: Yiba nazo zonke imathiriyeli esandleni kwaye ulungise indawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo enezandla ezineentsholongwane.
- ICorteUkusebenzisa isixhobo esibukhali, yenza i-horizontal cut ecocekileyo kwi-rootstock, malunga ne-4-5 cm ukusuka kwi-apex. Ukubetha imiphetho kancinci kuya kufezekisa unxibelelwano olungcono.
- Ukulungiswa kwegrafti: Yenza ukusika okufanayo kwisiseko se-cactus ukuba uhlonyelwe, ushiye i-vascular ring (indawo apho i-sap ijikeleza) ibonakala.
- Unión: Beka zombini iziqwenga kunye, uqinisekise ukuba amakhonkco e-vascular cross kwaye athinte ubuncinane amanqaku amabini. Kungcono ukungazinzisi iiringi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuzinciphisa kancinci.
- Ukulungiswa: Ukubopha ngamabhande e-rubber, ifilimu okanye i-tape, ukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kodwa ngaphandle kokonakalisa izicubu okanye ukubangela ukukrwitshwa.
- CicatrizationBeka isityalo kwindawo ekhuselweyo ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye nokushisa okukhulu. Gcina i-substrate ifumile kancinci kwaye ugweme ukufuma okugqithisileyo okanye amanzi ngqo kwindawo esikiweyo.
Ukukhathalela i-cactus emiliselweyo
- Ukukhanya okuninzi, kodwa ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga kwiiveki ezi-2-3 zokuqala.
- Ubushushu obuzinzileyo, ngokukhethekileyo phakathi kwe-18-27 ° C, kwaye ukhusele kwingqele enamandla okanye iidrafti.
- I-substrate ye-porous ekhethekileyo ye-cacti, ngesanti okanye i-perlite yokukhupha amanzi.
- Ukunkcenkceshela okunqabileyo kwaye kuphela xa i-substrate yomile ngokupheleleyo, ukuphepha ukumanzisa isilonda.
- Khulisa kancinci ngezichumisi ezikhethekileyo zecacti ngexesha lokukhula.
- Susa i-rubber bands yokulungisa xa ubona ukuba zombini iindawo zidibene ngokuchanekileyo (iintsuku eziyi-10-15).
Zisenokubonakala zincinci mncinci kwicactus emiliselweyo, exhaphake kakhulu kwaye iphucula ixabiso layo lokuhombisa.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo kwi-cactus grafting
- Ukunqongophala komanyano: Ifuna ukujonga ukulungelelaniswa kunye noxinzelelo lweendandatho ze-vascular, kunye nokuhlambuluka kokusika.
- Ukubola: Oku kudla ngokubangwa kukufuma okugqithisileyo okanye usulelo. Faka umchiza wokungunda ukuba kukho imfuneko kwaye ugcine indawo yomile.
- Ukwala: Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokungahambelani phakathi kweentlobo. Phanda ukuhambelana ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo.
- UmbalaIbonisa uxinzelelo, ukunqongophala kwezondlo, okanye ukuhlaselwa zizinambuzane. Tshaza xa ubona amabala okanye iimpawu zamangolwane, kwaye uphucule isondlo ukuba kukho ichlorosis.
Icactus emiliselweyo ingaphila iminyaka emininzi ngokhathalelo olufanelekileyo. Yindlela yokuyila, eluncedo, kwaye inika umdla ukonwabela ezi zityalo zingaqhelekanga, ukuququzelela ukwanda kweentlobo ezinqabileyo, kunye nokongeza ukubamba okungaqhelekanga kuyo nayiphi na ingqokelela.