El oki bonsai Yenye yezona ntlobo zicetyiswayo kwabo banqwenela ukuqala okanye ukuqhubela phambili kwihlabathi le-bonsai ngenxa yayo ukumelana, ubomi obude kunye nokuthwala okumangalisayoNangona akusoloko enye yezona ntlobo zibonwa kakhulu kwiiqoqo okanye imiboniso, i-Quercus, ngakumbi UQuercus robur, iphumelele abantu abancomayo amandla kunye nobuhle obugqithisayo xa yenziwe i-miniaturized ngepleyiti.
Iimpawu ze-oki
I-oki ibandakanya iintlobo ngeentlobo iintlobo ngaphakathi kohlobo Quercus, kunye namakhulu eentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezisasazwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eAsia, eMelika nakwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika. Uninzi lwale mithi lukho isigqibo, nangona kukho imizekelo engapheliyo kunye nexubileyo. Imizekelo yabantu abadala inokufikelela kubude obufikelela kuma-40 eemitha ngaphezulu komhlaba kwaye ihlala iphila kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, nakwiminyaka eyiwaka.
Amagqabi oki lobed, umbala oluhlaza onzulu ojika ube tyheli kunye neethoni ezimdaka ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa. Ixolo likhulu, limnyama kwaye liqhekekile, uphawu olwahlukileyo lwemizekelo ekhulileyo. Isiqhamo yi-acorn, etyiwa kwiintlobo ezininzi kunye nomthombo wokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle.
Kwinqanaba lokuhombisa, um-oki ubalasele kuwo isithsaba esibanzi, amasebe ashinyeneyo kunye neenkuni ezishinyeneyo, eziqinileyoNangona ukukhula kwayo kucotha, inkangeleko yokugqibela ibeka kwaye idlulisela imvakalelo yokomelela, iyenza ibe ngumthi onqwenelekayo kwabo bafuna ibhonsai enenkangeleko eyomeleleyo, eyalupheleyo.
Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwe-oki bonsai
- Indawo: Ibhonsai ye-oki kufuneka ibekwe ngaphandle ilanga elipheleleyo ngexesha lokukhula. Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, unokunyamezela umthunzi oyingxenye ngexesha leeyure ezishushu kakhulu zemini ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwamanzi.
- Ukumelana neMozulu: Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye neqabaka, kodwa ukuba isembizeni, kufuneka ikhuselwe kumaza abandayo aqatha okanye kwimimoya eyomileyo ukuphepha umonakalo kwiingcambu kunye namahlumelo amancinci.
- Elona qondo lobushushu: Inyamezela amaqondo obushushu ukuya kutsho kwi -12°C, kodwa ayifanelekanga kwimozulu yetropiki. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphezu kwama-30°C angachaphazela uphuhliso nempilo yawo.
I-substrate efanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa
- Ukwakhiwa: Um-oki ukhetha a i-substrate egalelwe kakuhleUmxube ocetyiswayo ngu-70% akadama kunye ne-30% ye-kiryuzuna, nangona imixube elinganayo yesanti, i-peat, kunye ne-compost nayo iyamkeleka. I-substrate ehlanganiswe ngokugqithiseleyo ikhuthaza ukukhula kwefungus kunye nokubola.
- Utshintsho rhoqo: Iisampulu ezincinci zitshintshwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3, esele zikhulile rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-4 okanye emi-5. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo primavera, kanye ngaphambi kokuba intshule. Kuphephe a ukuthenwa kweengcambu ngokugqithisileyo, njengoko inokuwenza buthathaka kakhulu umthi.
- Ukunyamekela ngexesha lokutshintshwa: Kubalulekile ukugcina umlinganiselo olungileyo weengcambu ezintle kwaye uvale onke amanxeba ukuthintela usulelo. Kunconywa ukusetyenziswa kwe-paste yokuphilisa.
Unkcenkceshelo kunye nombhalisi
- Unkcenkceshelo: Ibhonsai ye-oki ifuna ukunkcenkceshela okuninzi kodwa okunesithuba. Vumela umaleko wokuqala we-substrate wome ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona. Ehlotyeni, kunokufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa oku-4 ukuya kwe-5 ngeveki, ngelixa ebusika, kanye emva kweentsuku ezi-3-4 zihlala zanele. Ungaze uwushiye umthi unkcenkcesha amanzi. Nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela xa umthi ulahlekelwa ngamagqabi awo.
- Umbhalisi: Sebenzisa isichumisi esithile se-bonsai, ngokukhethekileyo isichumisi esiqinileyo se-organic kanye ngenyanga, okanye isichumisi samanzi rhoqo ngeentsuku ezi-7-10 ngexesha lentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Gwema i-nitrogen engaphezulu ukuthintela ukukhula kwamagqabi amakhulu kunye namandla okudubula okugqithisileyo. Yeka ukuchumisa emva kokuqhawuka kwamathupha nangamaxesha obushushu obugqithisileyo.
Ukuthena, ukuxina kunye nesimbo
- Ukuprintwa: Thena amasebe xa umthi ulele, ekupheleni kobusika okanye kanye phambi kokuqhawuka kwamathupha. Susa amasebe anqamlezileyo, abuthathaka, aphukileyo, kunye nalawo aphazamisa isimbo somthi. Gcina ipere ezisi-8 zamagqabi kwihlumelo ngalinye kwaye uwathene, ushiye izibini ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kuphela ukukhuthaza ukuhluma kakuhle kwamagqabi kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu bamagqabi.
- Ukupinkisha kunye nokuchithwa kwamagqabi: Ukucofa rhoqo ngexesha lokukhula kunceda ukulawula ubukhulu bamagqabi. Imithi ye-oki ikunyamezela ukuchithwa kwe-defoliation, kodwa kufuneka yenziwe kuphela kwimithi eqinile, njengoko inokubangela ukuba amaqabunga amatsha akhule ngakumbi ukuba isityalo asiphilile ngokupheleleyo.
- Iingcingo: Ukubiyela ucingo kuyenzeka, kodwa iinkuni zomelele kwaye ziyakwazi ukubobotheka, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izinto eziqinisayo okanye uzibumbe ngokuthena. Susa ucingo phambi kokuba liboboke amaxolo.
- Izimbo: Izitayela ezicetyiswayo kakhulu zi-verticals ezingacwangciswanga, amaqela okanye amahlathi, kunye neziqu ezininzi, zihlala zingekho sikweni ukuxelisa uphuhliso lwendalo lwe-oki.
Ukuphindaphinda kunye neendidi
I-oki ivelisa ngokulula imbewu entshaIi-acorns ziphulukana nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba zigcinwe zomile. Ukusabalalisa, tyala ii-acorns kumhlaba opholileyo, omanzi, ukuphepha ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa. Ezinye iintlobo ezingapheliyo azifanelekanga ngenxa yobukhulu bamagqabi kunye nokuthungwa.
Izinambuzane kunye nezifo ze-oki bonsai
- Izinambuzane eziqhelekileyo: Iintwala, i-mealybugs, imibungu, i-borers, abasebenzi basezimayini bamagqabi, kunye namangolwane. Ezi zihlala zilawulwa ngesandla okanye ngonyango lwe-organic, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kweekhemikhali.
- Izifo: El ukungunda I-Powdery mildew (i-oidium) ixhaphakile kwiindawo ezifumileyo, ezingenamoya opholileyo, njengamadyungudyungu amagqabi, i-cankers, downy mildew, kunye nenyongo. I-Powdery mildew inokunyangwa ngamalungiselelo asekhaya asekelwe kwisoda yokubhaka kunye neoli yemifuno. Gcina umthi umoya kakuhle; musa ukumanzisa kakhulu okanye ukumanzisa amahlamvu.
- Uthintelo: Gcina ucoceko, susa amagqabi awileyo, kwaye usebenzise unyango lokuthintela ngexesha lomngcipheko ophezulu wokungunda. Jonga iimpawu zezinambuzane kwaye uphendule ngophawu oluncinci.
El oki bonsai Ligugu kwabo bafuna ukuqina, ubomi obude, kunye nobukho obungaphazamiyo kwingqokelela yabo. Nangona kufuna umonde kunye nokuzinikela ekubumbeni, umphumo uyamangalisa, kwaye ngenkathalo efanelekileyo, unokuyonwabela umthi owomeleleyo, obukekayo, nohonjisiweyo kangangamashumi eminyaka.
