I-Dahlias yenye yezona ntyatyambo zibalaseleyo kwaye zixatyiswa kakhulu kwigadi, eziqatshelwe yi ukuchulumacha kweepetals zayo, uluhlu lwazo olubanzi lwemibala, kunye neentyantyambo zazo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ziyazalelwa kwimimandla epholileyo kunye ne-subtropical yaseMexico, kodwa zilungelelanise ngokugqibeleleyo kwiimozulu ezininzi kunye negadi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukukhulisa i-dahlias kunye nokuzigcina zikwimeko efanelekileyo kufuna ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha eziphambili ezifana nokukhanya, ukunkcenkceshela, i-substrate, ukukhusela izinambuzane, kunye nokuphatha ibhalbhu ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi, uya kufumana isikhokelo esibanzi sokunandipha i-dahlias ebukekayo, enempilo, kunye nenemibala kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo wobomi.
Iimpawu kunye nezinto ezinomdla kwi-dahlia
- Igama layo livela kumnikelo kwi-botanist u-Andreas Dahl.
- Idahlia yeyosapho luka I-Asteraceae kwaye ngu intyatyambo yelizwe laseMexico.
- Kukho ngaphezu Iintlobo ze-30 kunye namawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemibala, ukusuka kowona mhlophe umsulwa ukuya kowona ubomvu kakhulu, kubandakanya iorenji, ipinki, i-lavender kunye neethoni ezimfusa.
- Ziyaziwa ngeengcambu zazo eziziingcambu, iziqu ezomeleleyo, kunye neentyantyambo ezinokuthi zihlale ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nemozulu.
- Ubukhulu buyohluka kakhulu: kukho iidahlias ezincinci ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-30 cm kwaye ezinye zifikelela kwimitha ubude okanye nangaphezulu.
I-dahlia ixabiswa kakhulu kuzo zombini iigadi kunye nokulungiswa kweentyatyambo, kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintyatyambo kunye nemihlobiso ngenxa yobomi bayo obude emva kokusika. Ngaphezu koko, kumazwe amaninzi lufuzisela iimvakalelo zombulelo, uxabiso, nobuhle.
Iintlobo kunye neentlobo ze-dahlias
Ihlabathi le-dahlias libanzi kwaye linomdla. Kukho iintlobo ezilungele imida, iibhedi zeentyatyambo, iimbiza, okanye njengeentyatyambo ezisikiweyo. Iindidi eziphambili onokuzifumana ziquka:
- I-cactus dahlia ethe tye: Amaqabunga ayo abonakaliswe kwaye asasazekile, akhumbuza i-spines ye-cactus.
- I-cactus dahlia egobileyo: Kwakhona kunye neepetali ezichongiweyo, kodwa ezigobileyo okanye ezigobileyo, ezibanika inkangeleko yangaphambili.
- I-Dahlia peony: Zibalasele ngeentyantyambo zazo ezinkulu eziphindwe kabini, zineepetali ezishwabeneyo ezithi ziveze embindini kancinane.
- I-dahlia yokuhombisa: Iintyatyambo eziphindwe kabini zizele kakhulu ngamagqabi, zicwangciswe ngokwezangqa ezinzulu kunye neziqhelekileyo.
- I-Pompom Dahlia: Intyatyambo engqukuva, exineneyo enamagqabi ayicylindrical; isetyenziswa kakhulu kumalungiselelo eentyatyambo.
- I-dahlias encinci: Incinci ngobukhulu, ilungele iimbiza okanye iindawo ezincinci.
- Kukwakho nedahlias enye, isemi-double kunye ne-double dahlias, kunye neehybrids ezineempawu eziphakathi kunye nombala ophantse ungapheli.
Ukukhethwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kuya kuxhomekeka ekusebenziseni (igadi, imbiza, iintyatyambo ezisikiweyo), indawo ekhoyo, kunye nomphumo obonakalayo okhangele ukufezekisa.
Iimfuno zokukhanya kunye nendawo efanelekileyo
Dahlias kufuneka ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi ukuze uchume kwaye utyatyambe kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuzibeka kwindawo apho zifumana ubuncinane iiyure ezintandathu zelanga elithe ngqo ngosuku. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo apho ihlobo lishushu kakhulu, kunokucetyiswa ukuba kubekwe kwindawo semi-isithunzi ngezona yure zishushu kakhulu ukuphepha ukutsha kumagqabi neentyatyambo.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukubakhusela umoya onamandla, njengoko izikhondo zazo, nangona zomelele, zinokwephuka okanye zophuka ngokulula. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzityale ecaleni kweendonga okanye iheji, okanye usebenzise izibonda kwiintlobo ezide.
Imozulu efanelekileyo kwi-dahlias
Imozulu efanelekileyo ye-dahlias yi wobulali, nangona ezi zityalo ziye zavelisa amandla amahle okuziqhelanisa namaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo napholileyo. Ziyakwazi ukunyamezela iiqabaka ezingephi, kodwa ingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo inokonakalisa imibhobho yazo. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko zemozulu ezinobusika obunzima, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ususe ii-bulbs emva kweentyantyambo kwaye uzigcine kude kubanda kakhulu.
Ehlotyeni, ziyabunandipha ubushushu, kodwa amaza obushushu ahlala ixesha elide anokudodobalisa ukukhula kwazo. Qinisekisa ukuba unkcenkceshela rhoqo kwaye ukhusele izityalo zakho ngexesha lamaza obushushu obukhethekileyo.
Ukutyala kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-dahlias
Ukutyala kunokwenziwa egadini okanye embizeni, nangona indlela nganye ifuna uhlengahlengiso oluthile:
- Ixesha lokutyala: Linda de amaqondo obushushu athothe kwaye kungabikho mngcipheko weqabaka. Kwimozulu epholileyo, oku kuya kuba ngasekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo; kwiindawo ezibandayo, nje emva kokuba umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile.
- Ukulungiswa komhlaba: Khetha i-substrate ekhululekile, ecebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye ne-drainage egqwesileyo. Ukuba umhlaba uxinene, wulungise ngomgquba kunye nesanti ukuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
- Ubunzulu: Yomba umngxuma omkhulu kancinane kunebhalbhu, uqhele ukuba yi-10 ukuya kwi-15 cm (i-intshi ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-8), kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo. Beka i-tubers kunye "namehlo" okanye ihlumela lijonge phezulu kwaye ligqume nge-XNUMX ukuya kwi-XNUMX cm (XNUMX ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-XNUMX) zomhlaba okhululekile.
- Umgama: Shiya ubuncinane i-30-50 cm phakathi kwezityalo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwiindidi ezinkulu.
- Kwiimbiza: Sebenzisa izikhongozeli zobukhulu obulungileyo nobunzulu, kunye ne-substrate etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye zihlala zilungile. I-dahlias enqabileyo okanye ekhula kancinci ifaneleke kakhulu kwiimbiza.
- Ukunkcenkceshela kokuqala: Emva kokutyala, nkcenkceshela ngokuphakathi. Lindela ukunkcenkceshela kwakhona de isityalo siqale ukuhluma.
Ukunkcenkceshela dahlias: rhoqo kunye neengcebiso
Ukunkcenkceshela yenye yezinto eziphambili zempumelelo ngedahlias. Ezi zityalo abawanyamezeli amanzi (iyakwazi ukubola i-tubers), kodwa nazo aziyinyamezeli ixesha elide lembalela ngexesha lokukhula kunye neentyatyambo.
- Ngalo lonke ixesha amanzi emazantsi esityalo kwaye ungaze ube phezu kwamagqabi okanye iintyatyambo, ukukhusela ukubonakala kwefungi kunye nezifo.
- Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kufuneka kube kabini ukuya kathathu ngeveki entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukunyuka kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo. Ehlotyeni, ukunkcenkceshela kunokubakho rhoqo njengezinye iintsuku ukuba ubushushu bukhulu.
- Ngalo lonke ixesha kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela. Ukunkcenkceshelwa okulula okuliqela kungcono kunobunzima obunye.
- Kwiimbiza, qiniseka ukuba i-substrate ikhupha ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ususe amanzi angaphezulu kwi-saucers ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Amanzi e kusasa okanye ngorhatya, xa umphunga usezantsi kwaye isityalo sinokufunxa amanzi ngcono.
Elinye iqhinga kukungcwaba umnwe wakho kwi-substrate: ukuba ubona ubumanzi obuziisentimitha ezintathu okanye ezine ubunzulu, hlehlisa ukunkcenkceshela olunye usuku okanye ezimbini.
Ukuchumisa kunye nomhlaba ofanelekileyo
Idahlia ifuna umhlaba ichume kakhulu kwaye ingena umoyaPhambi kokutyala, xuba kwi-compost esele ikhulile okanye igalelwe iintshulube ukuqinisekisa isiseko sesondlo esilungileyo. Ngexesha lokukhula, unokuchumisa zonke iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngezichumisi ze-organic ezityebileyo kwi-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium (ekhuthaza iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye nexesha elide).
- Yongeza isichumisi esilungeleleneyo xa utyala, okanye usebenzise ukutya kwamathambo ukuqinisa iiglowubhu.
- Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo naphakathi kwehlobo, idosi eyongezelelweyo ye potassium inceda ukuvelisa iintyatyambo ezinkulu, ezomelele ngakumbi.
- Kwimihlaba elula, ungachumisa ngomgquba phezulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Ngalo lonke ixesha uphephe initrogen egqithisileyo, enceda kakhulu ukukhula kwezityalo kodwa ithobe iintyatyambo kwaye yenza buthathaka ukuxhathisa izifo.
Ukuthenwa kunye nokugcinwa kweentyatyambo ezintle
I-Dahlias idinga imisebenzi elula yokuthena kodwa kuluncedo kakhulu kuphuhliso lwabo kunye neentyatyambo:
- Ukucofa okanye ukucofa: Ekuqaleni kokukhula, sika isikhondo esingundoqo xa isityalo simalunga ne-30 cm ubude. Oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumelo e-axillary kwaye kwandisa inani leziqu zeentyatyambo.
- Unkempt: Xa kuvela amathupha amaninzi esiqwini (ngokuqhelekileyo abe ngamaqela amathathu), unokuwasusa amabini ukuze owesithathu afumane onke amandla aze avelise intyatyambo enkulu ngakumbi nenemibalabala.
- Ukuprintwa kuluhlaza: Ukuba isityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza, unganciphisa umthamo waso nge-25% ukuya kwi-50% ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukugxila okukhulu kwamandla okudubula kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ifika ekwindla ihlangene kwaye isempilweni.
- Susa iintyatyambo ebunile: Zisuse rhoqo iintyatyambo ezifileyo ukukhuthaza ezitsha ukuba zivele kwaye zandise iintyatyambo.
- Beka abahlohli okanye izibonda kwiintlobo ezinde ukuthintela umoya okanye imvula ekuwiseni izikhondo ezithwele iintyatyambo.
Indlela yokwandisa nokuvelisa i-dahlias: imbewu, ii-tubers, kunye nokusika
I-dahlia inokuphindaphindwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Ukwahlulahlulwa kwee-tubers: Ekupheleni kwexesha lokukhula, emva kokufa kwenxalenye engasentla-mhlaba, yemba ii-tubers. Icandelo ngalinye elineliso elinye lingatyalwa ukufumana isityalo esitsha kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo.
- Ukuhlwayela imbewu: Emva kweentyatyambo, linda ukuba iintloko zembewu zome ngokupheleleyo. Susa imbewu emnyama kwaye uyigcine kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo de uhlwayele ngasekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
- Ukusika: Sika amahlumela amancinci uwatyale kumhlaba ofumileyo nolula; xa ziphuhlisa iingcambu, zinokutyalwa egadini okanye embizeni.
Indlela nganye ineengenelo zayo. Ukwahlula ii-tubers kuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifana neyokuqala, ngelixa ukusasazwa ngembewu kunokukhokelela kwi-dahlias eneempawu ezintsha ezimangalisayo, imibala, okanye iimilo.
Ukhathalelo lweXesha loNyaka: Makwenziwe ntoni kwiXesha ngalinye
- Ekupheleni kokwindla: Xa indawo yasemoyeni yomile, sika izikhondo, coca izigaqa uze uzigcine kwindawo eyomileyo, kwi-sawdust okanye kwiphephandaba, kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo nemnyama.
- Ubusika: Qwalasela ii-tubers ezigciniweyo kwaye ulahle naziphi na ezibonisa ukubola.
- Iprimavera: Xa amaqondo obushushu enyuka kwaye akusekho mngcipheko weqabaka, tyala iiglowubhu kwaye uqale ukunkcenkceshela kancinci njengoko kuvela izikhondo zokuqala.
- Ihlobo: Yandisa amaxesha okunkcenkceshela, sebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi rhoqo emva kweeveki ezintathu okanye ezine, kwaye wenze ukuthena okuncinci okanye ukuthoba ukuvuselela iintyatyambo.
Kwimozulu epholileyo kakhulu, unokushiya i-tubers emhlabeni, kodwa kwiindawo ezinomswakama okanye ezibandayo, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlale ususa ukukhusela ukubola kunye nomonakalo obandayo.
Uninzi lwezifo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinambuzane
- Iinkumba kunye ne-slugs: Ngokukodwa entwasahlobo, banokuqwenga amagqabi kunye namahlumela athambileyo. Sebenzisa izithintelo zomzimba, imigibe, okanye iimveliso zendalo ukukhusela izityalo zakho.
- Iintwala kunye namangolwane: Ezi zezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo. Zisuse ngesandla, okanye ugalele amanzi anesepha okanye iimveliso zendalo ukuba uhlaselo luqatha.
- Umngundo (powdery mildew, botrytis): Zivela ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo okanye ukunkcenkceshela kwamagqabi neentyatyambo. Soloko uqinisekisa ukungena komoya okulungileyo kunye namanzi emazantsi esityalo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa imichiza yokungunda evunyiweyo.
- Ngalo lonke ixesha kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela emagqabini. kuba ukufuma kungumthwali wezifo zokungunda.
Ngokulandela ezi ngcebiso, ii-dahlias azidli ngokuba neengxaki ezinzulu zezinambuzane okanye izifo kwaye zinokuqhakaza iinyanga ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zeMpumelelo kunye neDahlias
- Faka izicelo zabahlohli ukuthintela izityalo ezinde ukuba zingagobi emoyeni okanye phantsi kobunzima beentyatyambo.
- Musa ukutyala ii-tubers kwangoko Kwimihlaba ebandayo okanye enamanzi: linda de umhlaba ushushu kwaye wome.
- Xa usika iintyatyambo Kwiintyatyambo, yenza oku xa intyatyambo ivuleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubeke iziqu emanzini ashushu ukwandisa ubomi bevase (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezi-4-7).
- Dibanisa i-dahlias yobude obahlukeneyo kunye nemibala ukuze ufezekise iziphumo ezibonakalayo kwigadi yakho.
- Sebenzisa i-dahlias ecaleni kwe-perennials okanye ingca ukwenza i-texture ekhangayo kunye nokwahlukileyo.
- Linga ngeendidi ezininzi kwaye uphinda ukutyala ngonyaka ngamnye ukuze ufumane iimilo ezintsha kunye nemibala.
I<em>Dahlias, enemibala emihle eqaqambileyo kunye neentyantyambo ezizingisayo, zizisa ubomi nobuhle kwizitiya, kumathafa nakwiibhalkhoni. Ukuzikhulisa kulula ukuba ulandela izikhokelo ezisisiseko malunga ne-substrate, ukukhanya, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokukhuselwa kwizinambuzane okanye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi. Ukukhetha ukuzisasaza ngembewu, ukusikwa, okanye iibhubhu kukuvumela ukuba ukonwabele izityalo ezitsha ngexesha ngalinye kwaye umangaliswe kukwahluka kweentyatyambo ezizodwa. Banike ingqalelo encinci, kwaye i-dahlias yakho iya kukuvuza ngokuqhushumba kweemilo ezingalibalekiyo kunye ne-shades unyaka nonyaka.