Ukuba ukhe wacinga ngokukhulisa iitapile ekhaya ukonwabela i-tuber emnandi, enezondlo-mzimba ekhangeleka intle nakwesiphi na isitiya sasezidolophini, ufikile kwindawo elungileyo. Ukunikezela ikona encinci yegadi yakho, i-terrace, okanye i-balcony kwesi sityalo ayinakuba lula kuphela, kodwa ivelise imveliso emangalisayo. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba ungumqali okanye sele unamava okukhulisa ezinye imifuno: Ibhatata ihambelana kakuhle neemeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye umjikelo wayo okhulayo unombulelo kakhulu kwabo banikezela ngokhathalelo oluncinci kuyo.
Kweli nqaku, uya kufumanisa Ungatyala njani iitapile kwaye wonwabele isivuno ekhaya inyathelo ngenyathelo, ukuthatha ithuba lazo zonke iingcebiso kunye namaqhinga eengcali zezityalo. Ukususela ekulungiseleleni i-substrate, ukufumana ukusika okanye izithole, ukutshintshwa, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokugcinwa, ukuvuna nokugcina. Uya kufunda nendlela yokusebenzisa zombini i-tuber kunye namagqabi, kwaye uchonge ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezenza ukuba zikhule zibe ngamava osapho okanye abahlali.
Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo zeebhatata
Ibhatata, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiyam, icamote okanye ibhatata, yi I-tuber yemvelaphi yaseMelika ekhe yajikeleza ihlabathi kangangeenkulungwane ngenxa yencasa eswiti, ukumila okugudileyo kunye nexabiso lesondlo. Ukulinywa kwayo kuqhelaniswe nemozulu yeMeditera kunye nemimandla epholileyo kangangokuba ukuba nesivuno sakho kulula kunokuba ucinga.. Ingcambu yayo etyiwayo inobunzima obususela kwi-200 grams ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-2 kg., kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo nenyameko eliyifumanayo. Ukongeza, amagqabi abunjwe yintliziyo, aluhlaza okhanyayo nawo ayatyiwa. Zingalungiswa njenge chard okanye ispinatshi, zongeza ukuguquguquka kwesi sityalo sinomdla.
Ngokuphathelele ukutyiwa, ibhatata inokutyiwa igcadiwe, ibilisiwe, iqhunyisiwe, iqhotswe, kwaye ikrwada kwezinye iiresiphi. Yeyona ndlela igqwesileyo kwiitapile, ukususela inikeza inani elikhulu levithamini, iiminerali kunye nefiber, ngaphezu kwe-carbohydrates enzima, efanelekileyo kwabo bafuna amandla kunye nempilo ekudleni kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Iindidi kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokulima
Zininzi iintlobo zebhatata, phakathi kwazo iBeauregard kunye neHernandez zivelele, ziyaziwa ngokuziqhelanisa nemozulu efudumeleyo nepholileyo. Kuhlala kungcono ukujonga ukufumaneka kwindawo yakho yokugcina abantwana kwaye ubuze ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanele ummandla wakho. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ungandwendwela icandelo lethu iintlobo zee-tubers.
La elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala ibhatata Kusentwasahlobo, xa kungekho mngcipheko weqabaka kwaye umhlaba uqala ukufudumala. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba wonke umjikelo, ukusuka ekutyalweni ukuya ekuvuneni, kuthatha iinyanga ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6, ngoko ke ukutyala entwasahlobo kuqinisekisa isivuno ekwindla, ngaphambi nje kokufika kwemozulu ebanda kakhulu.
Ungazifumana njani iziqwenga zebhatata okanye izithole
Iitapile azityalwanga kwimbewu, kodwa ukusuka kwi-cuttings okanye ihlumela eziphuma kwi-tuber ekhulile. Ukuze wenze ngokwakho, landela ezi ndlela:
- Ukuntshula emanzini: Beka itapile epheleleyo okanye enesiqingatha kwingqayi yamanzi, ngokuthe nkqo okanye ngokuthe tye. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, iingcambu kunye neziqu ziya kuqalisa ukuhluma. Obu buchwephesha bufundisa kwaye buyamangalisa, bufanelekile ukuba ufuna ukubona iingcambu zokuqala zikhula.
- Nge coconut fiber: Ungayisika iitapile kwisiqingatha kwaye uyibeke kwifiber yekhokhonathi efumileyo. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa, uya kubona i-cuttings elungele ukutshintshwa, ingcambu kakuhle kunye namagqabi amaninzi.
Emva kweentsuku ezingama-30, amahlumela kufuneka abe namagqabi angama-6-10 kunye neengcambu malunga ne-25-30 cm ubude (malunga nobukhulu bepencil). Zahlule ngononophelo kwaye uzishiye iintsuku ezimbalwa ukugqiba ukukhula kweengcambu ezomeleleyo phambi kofakelo lokugqibela.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokukhetha isikhongozeli
Umhlaba ngowona mba wempumelelo yesityalo. Ibhatata ikhetha imihlaba ilula, inzulu kwaye ichithwe kakuhle. Iyakwazi ukunyamezela iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo zifumaneka kumhlaba oyisanti, otyebileyo otyebileyo we potassium, othanda uphuhliso lwezigaqa.
Olona khetho lubalaseleyo lokukhula ekhaya kukusebenzisa umxube womhlaba wegadi, isanti, kunye ne-compost, ehlala iqinisekisa ukukhupha amanzi ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuba utyala ezimbizeni, iingxowa zokulima, okanye iibhokisi zomthi, qiniseka ukuba zinzulu ngokwaneleyo (ubuncinci be-30 cm) kwaye zinemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi amaninzi.
Yiphephe imihlaba enenitrogen kakhulu, njengoko oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagqabi ngokugqithisileyo oko kuyingozi kwimibhobho. Unokuphucula ukufakwa kwe-potassium ngomlotha wokhuni.
Ukuhlwayela: Uyityala njani kwaye nini
Xa i-cuttings sele ineengcambu ezikhule kakuhle kunye namagqabi amaninzi, lixesha lokuzitshintshela ngaphandle okanye kwisitya sabo sokugqibela. Shiya isithuba esingange 30-40 cm phakathi kwezityalo kwaye phakathi kwe-80 kunye ne-100 cm phakathi kwemiqolo ebaleni. Kwiimbiza ezinzulu, tshala kunxantathu, ngokuhlonipha ezi ndawo.
Ukusikwa ixesha elide, tyala isiqu ngokuthe tye kumsele omncinci ongama-2-3 cm ubunzulu, ugqume amaqhuqhuva ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwee-tubers ezintsha.
Emva kokutyala, amanzi amaninzi ukwenzela ukuba iingcambu zikwazi ukuhlala kwaye zigcine i-substrate imanzi ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala ngaphandle kokukhukula.
Ukhathalelo nokugcinwa kwezityalo
Ibhatata sisityalo esomeleleyo kodwa sifuna ukhathalelo oluthile oluya kwandisa isivuno:
- Ukukhanya: Idinga ukukhanya okukhulu kunye nokunyamezela ukukhanya kwelanga, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kunye nokuqiniswa kwee-tubers.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Gcina i-substrate ifumile, ngakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala naphambi kokuvuna, ngaphandle kwamanzi amaninzi. Ukunkcenkceshela ngeveki kudla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ukunkcenkceshela ngedriphu kuyacetyiswa kwizityalo zasekhaya.
- Dubula ukuthenwa: Xa zifikelela malunga ne-10 cm, unokuthena iingcebiso zokukhuthaza ukukhula kwecala kunye neebhubhu ezininzi.
- Umrhumi rhoqo: Yongeza isichumiso esiphilayo kanye ngenyanga (esifana nomgquba okanye ukugalela iintshulube), ukuthintela initrogen egqithisileyo.
- Ukususwa kokhula: Gcina indawo icocekile ukuququzelela uphuhliso kwaye ugweme ukhuphiswano lwezondlo.
Izifo, izinambuzane kunye nemibutho ekhuthazwayo
Iitapile zinokuchatshazelwa zizinambuzane kunye nezifo, nangona aziqhelekanga kakhulu. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Intshulube yocingo
- Umdaka omnyama
- Iimpawu
- Iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane
Zihlole rhoqo izityalo zakho ukubona iingxaki kwangethuba kwaye usebenzise iindlela zokusingqongileyo. Inokudityaniswa nezityalo zomjikelo okhawulezayo ezifana neradishes kunye ne-arugula ukuthatha ithuba lesithuba ngelixa iibhatata zikhula. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nezinambuzane, tyelela izinambuzane ezihlasela ibhatata.
Ukuvuna nokugcina ibhatata
La Ukuvuna kudla ngokubakho phakathi kweenyanga ezi-5 nezi-6 emva kokuhlwayela, ekwindla. Isitshixo sokwazi xa lixesha ukuba tyheli kunye nokubuna kwamagqabi. Emva kokusika iindawo zasemoyeni, vumela iibhubhu zome kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa emhlabeni.
Zisuse ngononophelo iibhatata, zomise umoya kangangeentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5, kwaye uzigcine kwindawo epholileyo, nengena umoya kakuhle emalunga ne-85% yokufuma. Kuphephe ukuzigcina kwindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe 12°C, njengoko oku kunokuphazamisa umgangatho wazo kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezifo.
Kukwacetyiswa ukuba zishiywe elangeni iiyure ezimbalwa kwaye zigcinwe kwiindiza okanye kwikhadibhodi ukuze zigcinwe ixesha elide.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCulinary kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesityalo
Ibhatata iguquguquka kakhulu ekhitshini. Ungayitya yosiwe, kwikhrimu, isuphu, ipuree, eqhotsiweyo, kwisityu, iikeyiki kunye neendlela zokupheka ezimnandi. Amagqabi amatsha, ukuba nje eluhlaza kwaye esempilweni, angaphekwa ngokubilisa okwespinatshi, okukuvumela ukuba usebenzise isityalo sonke.
Ngenxa yencasa yayo eswiti kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lezondlo, yindlela esempilweni yeetapile kunye nomthombo ogqibeleleyo wamandla kwisidlo esilungeleleneyo. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokukhula kwebhatata, ungandwendwela indlela iitapile ezikhuliswa ngayo.
Ukulima iitapile ekhaya kukhuthaza umjikelo olula, onenzuzo ezininzi, kukuvumela ukuba wonwabe esakho isivuno kwaye wongeze incasa kunye nexabiso kwigadi yakho.