Ukutyalwa njani iiLamuni: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuKhulisa iMithi yeLamuni eKhaya

Ngaba unokuthelekelela ukuvuna iilamuni ezintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwigadi yakho, ibalcony okanye ithafa? Ukongeza kwivumba elimnandi kunye nokuchukumisa umbala obonelelwa yile mithi yeziqhamo incinci, ukuba nomthi welamuni ekhaya ngamava anomvuzo, anoqoqosho kunye nendalo.

Kweli nqaku uya kufumana yonke into oyifunayo ukuze utyale ngempumelelo iilamuni.: ukusuka ekukhethweni kwembewu okanye izithole ukuya kukhathalelo lwazo ngexesha lophuhliso, ulawulo lwezinambuzane kunye nokuvuna.

Iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokukhulisa iilamuni

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukutyala iilamuni, kubalulekile Zazi iimeko ekufuneka umthi welamuni ukhule ngokugqibeleleyoNangona ungumthi onombulelo kakhulu, indawo efanelekileyo ingundoqo kuwo impilo kunye nemveliso.

• Imozulu: Umthi welamuni ukhula kakuhle kwindawo efudumeleyo, enelanga. Amaqondo obushushu ayo afanelekileyo emini amalunga ne-25-30°C, ehla ukuya kutsho kwi-13-18°C ebusuku. Inyamezela umthunzi othile, kodwa ifuna umthunzi omncinci. ubuncinane beeyure ezi-6-8 zokukhanya kwelanga ngqo yonke imihlaNgaphantsi kwe -4°C, iqabaka inokonakalisa kakhulu isityalo, ngakumbi ukuba sisencinci okanye sikwinqanaba lokukhula elisebenzayo.
• Indawo: Ngokufanelekileyo, khetha indawo ekhuselekileyo kwimimoya enamandla kunye nokukhanya kwelanga okulungileyo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo ethandwa yiqabaka, udonga olujonge ngasezantsi lunokudala i-microclimate ethandekayo. Ukutyala kufutshane neminye imiqobo yendalo okanye izithinteli-moya kunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo kunye nelahleko.
• Umhlaba: Umthi welamuni udinga umhlaba ovuthwe kakuhle onobumbo obuxengayo (isanti evunduvundu okanye isanti elula) kunye ne pH ephakathi kwe 5,5 kunye ne 7,5. Ibalulekile uphephe umhlaba ozaliswe ngamanzi ezikhuthaza ukubola kweengcambu kunye nokunciphisa ubutyuwa. Ukuxuba umhlaba kunye nomgquba, i-humus, okanye i-organic matter iphucula ukuchuma kunye nokugcina ukufuma.
• Isithuba: Lo mthi uphuhlisa i-canopy ebanzi, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ushiye isithuba seemitha ezi-3-4 ukusuka kweminye imithi okanye iindonga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokwandiswa kweengcambu.

Ukuhlwayela iilamuni kwimbewu okanye ukutyala umthi omncinci?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuba nomthi wakho welamuni: ntshula imbewu yelamuni okanye uthenge isithole esincinciInketho nganye ineenzuzo kunye nokungonakali.

Ukuntshula imbewu yelamuni

Ukuba sele ukulungele ukuqala ukusuka ekuqaleni, landela la manyathelo ukuntshula imbewu yelamuni:

1. Khipha imbewu entsha ukusuka kwilamuni esempilweni, evuthiweyo. Zihlambe kakuhle ukususa nayiphi na ipulp okanye iswekile enokukhuthaza ukungunda.
2. Susa ngononophelo ulusu lwangaphandle (tegument) ukukhawulezisa ukuntshula. Ungasebenzisa i-tweezers okanye iinzipho zakho ukunceda, kwaye uqaphele kakhulu ukuba ungonakalisi i-embryo.
3. Beka imbewu exotshiweyo iphepha lokuphekela elimanzi. Yisonge njengemvulophu kwaye uyigcine kwisitya okanye isikhwama seplastiki ukugcina umswakama kunye nobushushu, kwindawo emnyama, efudumeleyo (20-25 ° C).
4. En Kwiintsuku ezingama-7-14 iingcambu zokuqala ziya kuvela. Qinisekisa ukuba iphepha lihlala lifumile, kodwa lingankcenkceshelwa kakhulu, ukuthintela ukungunda.
5. Xa imbewu ineengcambu ezibonakalayo, yifake kwimbiza encinci enomhlaba omanzi, ongene kakuhle. Zityale ubunzulu obuyi-1,5 cm. Gquma isikhongozeli ngeplastiki yokusongela ukugcina ukufuma, wenze imingxuma embalwa yokungena komoya.
6. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba izikhondo zokuqala kunye namagqabi zihlume, yishiye imbiza indawo efudumeleyo neqaqambileyo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqoOku kuya kuthintela ukutsha. Xa isityalo sifikelela kwiisentimitha ezininzi kwaye sibonisa amagqabi amaninzi, siya kuba sikulungele ukutshintshwa kwimbiza enkulu okanye ngqo emhlabeni.

Khumbula ukuba imithi yelamuni ekhuliswa kwimbewu ithatha phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwesixhenxe ukuvelisa isivuno sayo sokuqala.. Ukongeza, azisoloko zigcina iimpawu ezifanayo zomthi wokuqala, ngoko kuqhelekile ukuba isiqhamo sahluke kancinane.

Tyala umthi omncinci welamuni (ucetyiswa kwiziphumo ezikhawulezayo)

Enye inketho uthenge izithole zomthi welamuni kwindawo yokugcina abantwana, ngokukhethekileyo umthi ophilileyo, ongenalo izinambuzane okanye umonakalo obonakalayo kumagqabi okanye iingcambu. Imithi yeLamuni imiliselwe kwiziphunzi zengcambu ezixhathisayo (ezifana neCitrus aurantium) idla ngokuthwala isiqhamo kwamsinyane, kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu emveni kokutyala. Ngaphaya koko, iigrafti zihlala zikwazi ukumelana nezifo kwaye zibonelela ngemveliso engatshintshiyo, ngakumbi ukuba ukhetha iintlobo ezilungele imozulu yendawo yakho.

Inyathelo ngenyathelo: Ungatyala njani kwaye utshintshe umthi welamuni?

Nokuba utyala ngembewu okanye utyala izithole, landela ezi zikhokelo ukuqinisekisa impumelelo:

1. Khetha indawo yokugqibela: Fumana indawo enelanga, ekhuselweyo kwimimoya enamandla, enendawo eninzi. Ukuba ukhetha imbiza, khetha enye ubuncinane i-40 cm ububanzi kunye nobunzulu, kunye nemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi.
2. Lungisa umhlaba okanye i-substrate: Guqula umhlaba uze ususe amatye, iingcambu nokhula. Xuba umhlaba kunye ne-compost ebolileyo kakuhle okanye i-humus. Ukuba umhlaba unodongwe kakhulu okanye uyathandeka ukubumbana, yongeza isanti erhabaxa ukuphucula amanzi.
3. Yomba umngxuma obanzi: Kufuneka iphindwe kabini ububanzi beengcambu zeengcambu (ubunzima beengcambu nomhlaba ojikeleze izithole) kunye nobunzulu obufanayo. Ukuba isityalo sisembizeni, qiniseka ukuba ugqume umzantsi ngamahlalutye okanye igrabile ukuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
4. Beka umthi welamuni: Beka umthi emngxunyeni okanye embizeni, uqinisekise ukuba umphezulu webhola yeengcambu ulingana nomhlaba ojikelezileyo. Gcwalisa ngomhlaba kunye nomxube we-compost, udibanise ngobumnene ukuphelisa iipokotho zomoya.
5. Amanzi amaninzi emva kokutyala ukukhuthaza ukusekwa kunye nokufakwa kwamanzi okuqala. Kubalulekile ukugcina umhlaba ufumile kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala.
6. Faka umaleko wesigcina-kufuma (amagqabi, amaxolo aqhekeziweyo, iindiza, njl. njl.) ujikeleze isiseko ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokuthintela ukhula. Musa ukuvumela isigcina-kufuma sichukumise umboko ngokuthe ngqo.
7. Ukuba izithole zincinci kwaye zincinci, faka umhlohli ukuthintela umoya ekuyibetheni okanye yonakalise iingcambu ezisanda kusekwa.
8. Kwiindawo ezithandwa yiqabaka, Khusela umthi welamuni ebusika ngeengubo, iminatha yokukhusela iqabaka okanye izigqubuthelo zeplastiki., ingakumbi kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala.

Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala iilamuni?

Intwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo lixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyala imithi yelamuni., nokuba kusemhlabeni okanye embizeni. Imozulu epholileyo ivumela umthi ukuba uphuhlise iingcambu ezomeleleyo ngaphambi kokuba kudlule ixesha lasehlotyeni okanye lasebusika. Ukuba uhlala kwiindawo ezinobusika obupholileyo, ukuwa lixesha elifanelekileyo kuba umhlaba usagcina ukufudumala kwaye ukhuthaza ukuhluma.

Kuphephe ukutyala kanye phambi kokufika kwamaza obushushu okanye ngamaxesha anokubakho kweqabaka. Amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo kuphuhliso lwakwangoko aphakathi kwe 17 kunye ne 28°C.

Ukukhula kwemithi yelamuni kwiimbiza: ngaba kunokwenzeka?

Kanjalo! Umthi welamuni uziqhelanisa kakuhle nobomi bembiza. Ngethuba nje inendawo eyaneleyo kwaye ifumana ingqalelo efunekayo. Lukhetho olugqibeleleyo ukuba unebalcony, iterrace, okanye ipatio encinci.

• Imbiza efanelekileyo: Kukhethwa ukuba yenziwe ngodongwe okanye i-ceramic (ethintela ukushisa), kunye nobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-60 cm kunye nobunzulu be-35 cm. Njalo khetha iimodeli ezinemingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi kwisiseko.
• I-aerated substrate: Umxube womhlaba wesitrasi, umgquba ovuthiweyo, kunye nesanti erhabaxa unika inkxaso elungileyo kwaye unqanda ukufuma okugqithisileyo. Beka amatye okanye iingqalutye zodongwe emazantsi ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi aphuma.
• Indawo: Indawo enelanga, ekhuselwe ngumoya apho inokufumana khona ubuncinane iiyure ezintandathu zelanga elithe ngqo ngosuku. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khusela umthi welamuni kwiidrafti ezibandayo ngokuwuhambisa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ebusika.

Khumbula ukuba a umthi we-lemon owenziwe embizeni Ifuna ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ukuchumisa rhoqo, kunye nokutshintshwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3, kuba iingcambu zayo ziya kuphelisa izondlo ezikhoyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lomthi welamuni

Impumelelo yokulima ilamuni ayixhomekanga kuphela ekutyaleni, kodwa nakwi Nikela ingqalelo ekunkcenkcesheleni, ekuchumiseni, ekutheneni, ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, nasekukhuseleni kwiimeko ezimbi..

Ukunkcenkceshela: yimalini kwaye nini?

Kuphephe ukutshona kwamanzi ngazo zonke iindleko, njengoko iyona nto ibangela izifo kunye nokubola kweengcambu. Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, ubudala bomthi, kunye nohlobo lomhlaba:

• Imithi yelamuni esandula ukutyalwa: Zifuna ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, zonke iintsuku ezingama-2-4 kwimozulu eshushu. Gcina i-substrate ifumile kodwa ayizange ifakwe emanzini.
• Imithi emincinci okanye yeembiza: Kusenokufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo ngeentsuku ezi-3-7 entwasahlobo/ehlotyeni. Hlola umswakama ngokufaka umnwe emhlabeni: ukuba i-3-5 cm ephezulu yomile, amanzi kwakhona.
• Imithi yelamuni yabantu abadala emhlabeni: Nje ukuba ziqiniswe kakuhle, ziyakuxabisa ukunkcenkceshela okunzulu kodwa okunezithuba ezininzi (rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-15), ngokunyuka okuncinci kokunkcenkceshela ngamaxesha obushushu okanye imbalela. Nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ekwindla nasebusika.

Ukunkcenkceshela ngeDrip yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokugcina ukufuma okuthe rhoqo kunye nokuphepha inkcitho yamanzi.

Ukuchumisa: Izakhamzimba zeLamuni ezinencasa

Umthi welamuni ifuna izondlo, ngakumbi initrogen, kodwa ifuna i-phosphorus, i-potassium kunye ne-microelements ezifana ne-zinc kunye ne-manganese ukugcina amaqabunga aluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa rhoqo.

• Ukufakwa kwesichumiso: Sebenzisa isichumiso esikhethekileyo se-citrus okanye izichumisi zeNPK ezilungelelanisiweyo kumlinganiselo we-2:1:1. Khulisa kathathu ngonyaka: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, phakathi kwehlobo, nasekuqaleni kwekwindla.
• Ukuchunyiswa: Ukuba unenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela, unokunyibilikisa isichumiso emanzini ukuze usebenze kakhulu.
• Umgquba: Faka izinto eziphilayo ezibole kakuhle emhlabeni, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yokuqala nasentlakohlaza. Phindaphinda rhoqo ngonyaka ukugcina ukuchuma nokuphucula ubume bomhlaba.
• Jonga amagqabi: Ukuba amagqabi ajika abe tyheli, isenokuba luphawu lokunqongophala kwezondlo. Lungisa isichumiso okanye wongeze i-chelated trace elements ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukuthena kunye noqeqesho

Umthi welamuni othenwe kakuhle uqinisekisa umoya ongcono, ukufikelela ekukhanyeni, kunye neziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu:

• Iminyaka yokuqala: Nciphisa ukuthenwa ekususeni amahlumela aphantsi kunye namasebe aphukileyo okanye abuthathaka. Kuthintele ukuthenwa okungqongqo, njengoko isityalo sikwinqanaba lokukhula.
• Ukususela kunyaka wesithathu: Thena kancinci ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, phambi kokuba kuqale ukukhula kwakhona. Susa amasebe anqamlezileyo, anesifo, okanye axinene ngokugqithisileyo. Gcina i-canopy evulekile kwaye elungeleleneyo, ukukhuthaza ukwandiswa kwecala.
• Imithi yabantu abadala: Ukuthenwa ngonyaka kunceda ukugcina ubungakanani ngokuhlaziya amasebe amadala ukuvuselela ukukhula okutsha kunye neentyatyambo. Musa ukususa ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu sekhenopi ngexesha lonyaka.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo

Izityalo ze-lemon zinokusongelwa zizinambuzane ezahlukeneyo kunye nomngundo. Ezona ngxaki ziphambili zezi:

• I-Citrus leaf miner, i-red spider mite, i-aphid kunye ne-mealybug: Zifunxa incindi kwaye zinokukhubaza amagqabi okanye ziwenze buthathaka umthi. Faka unyango lwe-organic olufana nesepha ye-potassium okanye i-oyile ye-neem kwiimpawu zokuqala.
• Iifungus kunye nezifo: Ukufuma okugqithisileyo okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kwamanzi kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwegummosis, i-powdery mildew, kunye nokubola. Gcina umthi unomoya kakuhle, susa amagqabi agulayo, kwaye uphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi xa unkcenkceshela.
• Uphononongo lwarhoqo: Vavanya umthi rhoqo ngeveki ukuze ubone izinambuzane kwangethuba. Ukuba uhlaselo lubukhali, sebenzisa iimveliso ezithile ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye ubeke phambili ukhetho olulungele i-eco-friendly.

Ukukhuselwa kwiqabaka kunye neemeko ezinzima

Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi abeka owona mngcipheko mkhulu kwimithi yelamuni, ngakumbi xa iselula. Ukubakhusela:

• Gquma isiseko nge-mulch phambi kweqabaka yokuqala kwaye usebenzise izigqubuthelo zokhuselo okanye iminatha ngobusuku obubandayo.
• Kumasimi amakhulu, ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bomoya kunceda ukuxuba umoya ofudumeleyo ovela phezulu kunye nomoya obandayo kufuphi nomhlaba, ukunciphisa umonakalo.
• Ukunkcenkceshela umhlaba kanye phambi kweqabaka encinane kunokukhulula ubushushu kwaye kuthintele ukuhla ngesiquphe kobushushu.

Iintyatyambo, iziqhamo kunye nokuvuna

Umthi wakho welamuni uza kuqala nini ukuvelisa isiqhamo? Kuya kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuhlwayela:

• Kwimbewu: Ngokuqhelekileyo bathatha iminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwe-7 ukuthwala isiqhamo okokuqala.
• Ihlonyelwe/ithengwe kwindawo yokugcina abantwana: Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 emva kokutyala.

Umthi welamuni ungavelisa ukuya kutsho kwizityalo ezithathu ngonyaka phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo kwaye, kwimimandla epholileyo, unokuvelisa phantse unyaka wonke (ingakumbi udidi lweCitrus × aurantifolia, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-acid lime okanye ilamuni eluhlaza).

Iintyatyambo ngokuqhelekileyo ziqala entwasahlobo. kwaye inokwandisa kwimijikelo ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu. Xa intyatyambo ivuthwe, isiqhamo sithatha phakathi kweenyanga ezi-5 kunye ne-6 ukuvuthwa.

• Ukuvuna: Iilamuni zikulungele ukuvunwa xa zifikelela kumbala omthubi ukuya kumthubi-luhlaza kwaye zinobukhulu obuyi-intshi ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7,6. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka zithathwe ngesandla ngeeshere zokuthena, unakekele ukuba ungonakalisi ulusu. Gwema ukushiya isiqhamo emthini ixesha elide, njengoko baya kulahlekelwa yi-juiciness kunye ne-flavour.
• Ulondolozo: Gcina iilamuni kwindawo epholileyo, nengena umoya kwiqondo lobushushu le-10-13°C. Susa iziqhamo ezonakalisiweyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka komngundo.

Izibonelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-lemon kunye ne-lemon tree

Umthi welamuni awuniki nje iilamuni ezintsha: Ubukho bayo ekhaya bubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:

• Isihlaziyi-moya sendalo: Amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo zikhupha ivumba elimnandi neliqhola ngokusisigxina indalo esingqongileyo.
• Umthombo wevithamin C: Ibalulekile ekomelezeni amajoni omzimba kunye nokugcina ulusu olusempilweni, amathambo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Utyebile kwi potassium: Ikhuthaza ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-nervous kwaye inceda kunyango lwezifo ezidibeneyo.
• Amandla eAntioxidant: Umxholo wayo ophezulu we-antioxidant ulwa nokuguga kwamaselula kwaye ukhusela kwizifo.
• Iyeza lasekhaya: Ijusi yelamuni ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca imiphezulu, njenge-astringent yokhathalelo lwesikhumba, okanye njengendalo yokugxotha iingcongconi xa ixutywe namanzi kunye ne-oyile ebalulekileyo.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa kutyalwa okanye ukunyamekela imithi yelamuni

• Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo: Abantu abaninzi babulala imithi yabo yeelamuni ngokuyigalela amanzi ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuba amagqabi ajike abe tyheli aze ajike, iingcambu zidla ngokuba namanzi. Khumbula: kungcono ukwenza impazamo kwicala lokunkcenkceshela kunokunkcenkceshela.
• Isichumisi esingonelanga: Isichumiso esininzi? Inokuthintela iintyatyambo kunye neseti yeziqhamo. Incinci kakhulu? Umthi uya kuba buthathaka kwaye ungabi namandla. Hlala ulandela iingcebiso zemithi yesitrasi kwaye ubeke iliso kwizityalo zakho.
• Ukuthena ngobundlobongela: Imithi yelamuni ayiphenduli kakuhle xa ithenwa. Kungcono ukuba uzithintele ekususeni amasebe afileyo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe wenze i-canopy.
• Ukunqongophala kwelanga: Umthi otyalwe kwindawo enomthunzi uya kukhula kancinane kwaye uvelise kancinane. Khumbula ukuba ifuna ilanga eligcweleyo imini yonke.
• Ukutyala kusondelelene kakhulu: Ukuba unemithi yelamuni engaphezulu kwesinye okanye eminye imithi, shiya ubuncinane iimitha ezi-3 phakathi kwayo ukunqanda ukhuphiswano.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokukhula kweelamuni ekhaya

• Ndingatyala umthi welamuni ekomityini okanye embizeni encinci? Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, ewe, kodwa kuya kufuneka uyisuse kwimbiza enkulu njengoko ikhula ukuba ulindele ukufumana isiqhamo.
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umthi welamuni uvelise iilamuni? Ukuba ikhuliswe kwimbewu, inokuthatha phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 kunye nesixhenxe. Ngesithole esimiliselweyo, kunokuthatha phakathi kweminyaka emi-7 ukuya kwemi-2.
• Loluphi uhlobo olufanele ukhethe ukuba neelamuni unyaka wonke? Uhlobo lweCitrus × aurantifolia (ilamuni eluhlaza/ikalika) lolona luchumileyo kwimimandla emininzi kwaye lunokuthwala isiqhamo nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka.
• Ngaba kungcono ukutyala ekwindla okanye entwasahlobo? Intwasahlobo ilungele ukushisa okuphakathi kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi weqhwa, kodwa kwiindawo ezipholileyo, ikwindla nayo iyindlela efanelekileyo.
• Ngaba umthi welamuni ufuna ukukhathalelwa ebusika? Ewe, ngakumbi ukuba iselula. Faka i-mulch eyongezelelweyo kwaye ugqume ngeshiti xa kulindeleke iqabaka.

Ukulima iilamuni ekhaya lutyalo-mali olugqwesileyo kubathandi begadi kunye nokupheka. Ngolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nokukhanya, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye neemfuno zokuchumisa, kunye nokukhuselwa kwizinambuzane kunye neemeko ezinzima, unokunandipha umthi we-lemon onempilo kunye nemveliso iminyaka emininzi. Ukutyala umthi welamuni kudlula nje ukuvelisa iziqhamo: izisa impilontle, iyahombisa, icoca okusingqongileyo, kwaye ibonelela ngamathuba amakhulu okutya kunye nekhaya lendalo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo.