I-Retama sphaerocarpa: Iimpawu ze-morphological kunye ne-taxonomy
IRetama sphaerocarpa, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-yellow broom okanye i-broom eqhelekileyo, i-shrub yentsapho ye-Fabaceae (i-legumes). Indawo yayo yendalo inabela kuyo yonke iPeninsula yase-Iberia-zombini embindini nasezantsi-kunye noMntla Afrika, nangona inokufumaneka kwimimandla yeMeditera kunye nemozulu eyomileyo yelizwekazi. Olu hlobo lulungelelaniswe ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezomileyo kwaye Umhlaba ombi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nguvulindlela kunye nokwenza ikoloni yezityalo ngokugqwesileyo.
Iyakwazi ukufumana imilo etyholo phakathi 0,8 nangaphezulu kweemitha ezi-3 ubude, ububanzi obuyi-1 ukuya kwi-2 yeemitha. Iziqu zayo zinamasebe aphezulu ukusuka kwisiseko kwaye zinombala oluhlaza-grey, ngamanye amaxesha kunye neempawu zesilivere ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Amagqabi alula, amancinci kakhulu kwaye awela ngokukhawuleza., yingakho iziqu zithatha umsebenzi we-photosynthetic. Ixolo lisilky kwaye liguquguqukayo, livumela isityalo ukuba simelane imimoya kunye neemeko ezimbi.
Iintyatyambo Zigqama ngombala wazo omthubi kakhulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci (phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-8 mm), zicwangciswe ngamaqoqo ashinyeneyo ekupheleni kwamasebe. Ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo, umtshayelo we-Sphaerocarpa uhonjiswe ngakumbi, uguqula iinduli, iindledlana, kunye neentyantyambo zibe yimiboniso emthubi wokwenyani. Isiqhamo yimbotyi engqukuva, engqukuva, negudileyo, ikholisa ukuba nombala wendiza xa ivuthiwe, ayifane ibenembewu enye.
Ngokuphathelele i-taxonomy yayo, ihambelana ne-genus Umtshayelo, iintlobo sphaerocarpa, ebekwe kwi-oda yeFabales. Yaziwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo engingqi anjenge chinastra, umtshayelo omde, i-escobeta, i-giniestra, i-xesta, okanye ishawari yegolide.
Ukusasazwa kwendalo kunye nendawo yokuhlala
IRetama sphaerocarpa ichuma kwiindawo ngeendawo zokuhlala. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwi Ebro Depression, indawo yeMeditera yePeninsula yase-Iberia, iinduli, iinduli, iindlela, umhlaba oyisanti kunye namatye, kunye nomhlaba wegypsum okanye welimestone. Ukusuka kumphakamo wolwandle ukuya kubude obukufutshane ne-1.400 yeemitha, ibonisa ukunyamezela okukhulu kwimbalela kunye nomhlaba owonakaliswayo ngumsebenzi wabantu okanye idlelo elibanzi.
Olu hlobo Ukungakhathali kuhlobo lwe-substrate, kwaye ingathatha iingcambu kwi-slate, marl, kunye ne-calcareous okanye i-siliceous imihlaba, ngaphandle kokuba kukho ukukhupha okwaneleyo. Ukukwazi kwayo ukuchuma kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo yezondlo kuyenza ibe yiarhente ebalulekileyo yokubuyisela indalo, njengoko ikwazi ukwenza ikoloni kwindawo apho ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zingasindi, ukukhuthaza ukusekwa initrogen emhlabeni enkosi kwi-symbiosis kunye neentsholongwane kwiingcambu zayo.
Kwiphondo laseMálaga, nakweminye imimandla enemozulu yeMeditera, umtshayelo uxhaphakile kwiintaba, ecaleni kwendlela, kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo, kwaye lolona didi lubalaseleyo kumathafa engca adalwe emva kokuthotywa kwamahlathi okuqala.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko kunye nokhathalelo
- Umboniso: Ilanga eligcweleyo. I-Sphaerocarpa broom ifuna ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo imini yonke, njengoko iyancipha emthunzini kunye neentyatyambo ngokukhawuleza.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Iyakwazi ukumelana nembalela kwaye ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa manqaphanqapha kuphela ngexesha elomileyo. Kunconywa ukunkcenkceshela kuphela xa i-substrate yomile ngokupheleleyo.
- Uhlobo lomgangatho: Ikhetha imihlaba ikhutshiwe kakuhle, ukusuka kwisanti, i-stony ukuya kwi-clayey, nje kuphela ukuba ingagcini umswakama obuninzi. Ingahlala kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nezondlo, kodwa iyayixabisa idosi elula yokuchumisa ukuba ufuna ukukhula ngamandla ngakumbi.
- Ubutyuwa: Inonyamezelo oluphakathi kwimihlaba enesiqulatho se-saline, iyenza ifaneleke iindawo eziselunxwemeni.
- pH: Akukho utyekelo olusikelwe umda; yamkela umhlaba oneasidi kwialkaline.
- Ukufuma: Ixhasa iindawo ezomileyo ezinomswakama ophantsi okanye ophakathi.
- Cold ukumelana: Inyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye neeqabaka ezingaqhelekanga, nangona iiqabaka eziqatha kakhulu zinokomisa iindawo zasemoyeni; isityalo sikholisa ukuhluma kwakhona entlakohlaza.
Ukuthena kwenziwa kakuhle emva kweentyantyambo, ukususa amasebe afileyo kwaye ugcine i-shrub iluhlaza kwaye inamandla. Kubalulekile ukuba ungasindisi, njengoko umtshayelo ukhula kancinci emva kongenelelo olumandla.
Ukuvelisa kunye nokuphindaphinda
Ukusasazwa kweRetama sphaerocarpa Iveliswa kakhulu yimbewu, enokuthi ityalwe ekwindla ukuze kusetyenziswe ukufuma kwasebusika kunye nengqele enceda ukophula i-dormancy yembewu. Kukwangenzeka ukuphinda-phinda ngokusikwa kwe-semi-wood ngexesha lasehlotyeni, indlela ekhuthazwayo kwiigadi okanye kwii-nursery ukuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo esitsha sigcina isityalo. iimpawu ukusuka kumzekelo kamama.
Ukutshintshwa, kubalulekile ukukhupha ihlathi nge Igada elipheleleyo, ukuphepha ukonakalisa iingcambu eziphambili, njengoko zibuthathaka kwaye isityalo sixhomekeke kakhulu kwiingcambu zaso ukuze sikhule kwakhona emva kwexesha lembalela okanye iqabaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa, indalo kunye nemveli
I-retama sphaerocarpa ixabiswa kakhulu ukulima okuzinzileyo ngenxa yeemfuno zayo eziphantsi zogcino kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukwenza iheji exineneyo okanye amaqela okuhombisa kwiigadi zasendle, zasendle kunye nezingasetyenziswa kakhulu amanzi. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamathambeka, amathambeka akhukulisekileyo kunye nemida yeendlela, ukunceda ukulawula ukhukuliseko nokubuyisela iindawo ezonakeleyo emva kokutshiswa kwemililo okanye ukutyiswa kwamadlelo ngokugqithisileyo.
Ekufuyweni iinyosi, zabo iintyatyambo ezimthubi Zingumthombo obalulekileyo we-nectar kwiinyosi kunye nezinye i-pollinators, ukukhuthaza i-biodiversity yendawo. Ngokwemveli, iinkuni zabo bezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza ii-oveni nokwenza imitshayelo, kungoko kukho amagama abo aqhelekileyo. Ngaphambili, zazisetyenziswa njengokutya kwasebusika kwezilwanyana ezifana nemivundla kunye nemivundla.
Kwinkalo yendalo, indima yayo njenge-a iintlobo zoovulindlela ekubuyiseni inkqubo yendalo, ekubeni ilungisa initrogen esemoyeni, iphucula ukuchuma komhlaba ize ivumele ukuvela kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo.
IiCuriosities, ubutyhefu kunye neentlobo ezifanayo
Umtshayelo weSphaerocarpa waziwa ngokukwazi ukuphinda ukhule emva komlilo, unceda ukunqanda ukuba yintlango kwindawo yeMeditera nakwilizwekazi apho ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zingenako ukululama lula. Akuthiwa yenziwa iziphumo eziyityhefu ezifanelekileyo kwizilwanyana zasekhaya phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, nangona kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isityalo siqulethe ezithile alkaloids (ezifana ne-retamine kunye ne-pachycarpine) kumaxolo kunye namasebe, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwabantu ngokuthe ngqo akukhuthazwa ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho. Ezi zixhobo zinokubangela ukucaphuka xa zidibene nesikhumba okanye i-mucous membranes kwaye zinokuba yingozi xa zifakwe ngobuninzi.
Kwi-phytotherapy, ezinye iindawo zesityalo zazikhe zisetyenziselwa i-diuretic kunye ne-astringent properties, kodwa okwangoku, kuphela ubusi obufunyenwe kwiintyatyambo zabo bunconywa, ekubeni izithako ezisebenzayo kule mveliso zingathathi hlangothi okanye zibolile ngexesha lokuvelisa.
Inokubhidaniswa ne umtshayelo omhlophe (Retama monosperma), nangona le yokugqibela ineentyatyambo ezinkulu, ezimhlophe, kwaye ixesha layo leentyantyambo kunye nokusabalalisa kuyahluka.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokuyikhulisa kunye nokuyigcina
- Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukusebenzisa umtshayelo kuyilo lwegadi yogcino oluphantsi kunye nakwezo zibekwe kwindawo ezomileyo okanye ezinezithintelo zokunkcenkceshela.
- Ukwenza uthango okanye amaqela axineneyo kwimidibaniso okanye ithambeka, ukuxinana kokutyala phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 yezityalo kwimitha yomgca kuyacetyiswa.
- Kwimihlaba enodongwe olugqithisileyo, phucula amanzi ngokudibanisa isanti okanye igrabile kwi-substrate ngaphambi kokutyala.
- Emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo, phungula kancinci iziphelo ukuze ukhuthaze amasebe amatsha kunye neentyatyambo ukuba zivele ngexesha lonyaka elilandelayo.
I-Retama sphaerocarpa lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kuzo zombini iiprojekthi zolondolozo lwegadi kunye nokubuyiselwa kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okungaqhelekanga, ukugcinwa okuphantsi, kunye nempembelelo entle kwindalo. Iintyatyambo zayo ezidlobileyo ezityheli kunye namandla okuhlaziya umhlaba kuwenza ube sisityalo sobuhle kunye nexabiso elisebenzayo kwiMeditera kunye neendawo ezomileyo.