IBasil (I-Ocimum basilicum kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-genus ocimum) lelinye lawona mayeza anevumba elimnandi ekuphekeni, kumayeza endalo nasegadini. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye noluhlu lwe iintlobo ukuyenza isityalo esiyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na igadi okanye igadi, kunye nakwi-gastronomic pantry yeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Zingaphi iintlobo ze-basil ezikhoyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 ezaziwayo ze-basil kwihlabathi jikelele, nangona ezinye iingcali zicebisa ukuba inani lokwenyani lingaphezulu kakhulu kwekhulu ukuba imihlanganiselwa yengingqi nemihlanganisela iyaqwalaselwa. Bonke bangamalungu odidi ocimum, kwintsapho ILamiaceae, ekwabelwana nge-rosemary, i-sage, i-thyme kunye ne-oregano.
Iindidi ze-basil Ziyahluka kwiimpawu eziphambili ezifana nevumba, incasa, umbala wamagqabi (onokuthi asuse ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kwimfusa enzulu), ukusetyenziswa kokupheka okanye ukunyanga, ubungakanani bezityalo kunye nokumila, kunye nokunyamezela kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Uluhlu ngalunye lubandakanya indawo yonke ekhethekileyo, ibonelela ngeenuances ezizodwa ekhitshini okanye egadini.
Ayizizo zonke ii-basils ezifanelekileyo ukupheka.Ezinye zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiiti okanye kwiinjongo zonyango, ngelixa ezinye zisetyenziswa njengezityalo zokuhombisa umbala wazo okanye ivumba. Apha ngezantsi sinikezela ngeentlobo ezaziwayo kakhulu nezixatyisiweyo, kunye nomahluko wazo, iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphambili:
Iindidi eziphambili ze-basil: iintlobo, iiyantlukwano kunye nokusetyenziswa
- I-basil eqhelekileyo okanye eswiti (I-Ocimum basilicum)
- I-basil yaseGenoese (Ocimum basilicum 'Genovese')
- Basil emfusa (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens)
- I-Basil engcwele okanye iTulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
- Basil yaseThai (Ocimum basilicum 'Thai' kunye nemihlanganisela enxulumeneyo)
- I-Cinnamon okanye i-basil yaseMexico (Ocimum basilicum 'Cinnamon')
- basil yelamuni (Ocimum Ă— citriodorum)
- basil lime (Ocimum americanum)
- I-basil yamaGrike okanye encinci (Ocimum ubuncinane)
- Neapolitan basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Napoletano')
- I-Basil Dark Opal kunye ne-Red Rubin (iintlobo ezimfusa)
- I-Spicy Globe Basil kunye nezinye ezixineneyo
- I-basil yeqabunga elincinci kunye ne-basil encinci emfusa
- I-Basil yase-East Indian (Ocimum)
- Basil PlutoOcimum basilicum 'Pluto')
- UNkosikazi Burns 'Lemon Basil (I-Ocimum basilicum 'uNksk Burns' Ilamuni')
- Basil ka-Aristotle (Ocimum basilicum 'Aristotle')
I-basil eqhelekileyo okanye eswiti (I-Ocimum basilicum)
La basil eqhelekileyo Yeyona ntlobo ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kwi-gastronomy. Yemvelaphi yaseAsia kodwa isasazeke kwihlabathi liphela, ibonakaliswa ngu amagqabi abanzi, aluhlaza, abengezelayo, ivumba elitsha nelimnandi kancinane. Isisiseko seklasikhi pesto kwaye kubalulekile kwi-Meditera cuisine (i-pasta, i-pizza, i-salads). Ukongeza, iioli zayo ezibalulekileyo ziqulethe iikhompawundi kunye nesenzo se-antioxidant kunye neenzuzo zempilo.
I-basil yaseGenoese (Ocimum basilicum 'Genovese')
Umqondiso wokutya kwe-Italian, ngakumbi kwingingqi yaseLiguria, i-basil yaseGenoese inayo amagqabi amakhulu nagobileyo ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, ivumba elimnandi elimnandi kunye nencasa ethambileyo. Yiyo yodwa egunyazisiweyo kwiresiphi yemveli ye pesto sauceKuyacetyiswa ukuba uvune amagqabi aphezulu rhoqo ukugcina ubumnandi kunye nemveliso yamagqabi.
Basil emfusa (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens, iOpal emnyama, iRubin eBomvu, iiRuffles ezimfusa)
La basil emfusa, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezifana I-Opal emnyama o IRubin ebomvu, ivelele umbala omfusa kakhulu wamagqabi awo, olwenze isityalo sokuhlobisa esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngaphezu kokubonelela nge-flavour enamandla kunye ne-spicy nuances. I-anthocyanins yayo iyinika i-antioxidant kunye ne-antimicrobial properties. Ilungele iisaladi ezitsha, i-vinaigrettes, kunye nokuhlobisa ukutya, nangona ezinye iicultivars azikhuthazwa kwi-pesto ngenxa yencasa yazo enamandla.
I-Basil engcwele okanye iTulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum o O. ingcwele)
Yaziwa njenge Tulsi E-Indiya, sisityalo esingcwele kwisithethe se-Ayurvedic kwaye sixabiswa kakhulu iimpawu zayo zonyango (i-anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial). Inamagqabi aluhlaza, anzulu aluhlaza (iintlobo ezimfusa zikhona) kunye nevumba elimnandi elikhumbuza i-lemon kunye ne-licorice. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu xa kugalelwa, kwizithethe nakumayeza endalo, nangona kwamanye amazwe igalelwa kwiisuphu okanye kwikhari.
Basil yaseThai (Ocimum basilicum 'Thai', Siam Queen, Thai Dulce)
Iphawulwe ngu amagqabi amancinci, iziqu ezimfusa kunye neentyatyambo ezipinkiI-basil yaseThai iyimfuneko kwisidlo saseMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Inika ivumba elimnandi elinama-nuances e-anise kunye ne-licorice, yongeza ubutsha kunye nombala kwi-curries, izitya ze-noodle, iisaladi kunye neesuphu. Iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa ayinyamezeli kakhulu kubanda.
I-Cinnamon okanye i-basil yaseMexico (Ocimum basilicum 'Cinnamon')
La basil nesinamon yahlulwe nge ivumba elimnandi elimnandi Ukukhumbuza i-sinamoni, ngenxa yomxholo wayo we-cinnamate. Amagqabi aluhlaza ane-violet hues kunye neziqu zimfusa, ngelixa iintyatyambo zihluka ukusuka kwipinki ukuya kwemfusa. Ilungele izimuncumuncu, izitya ezitsha, izitya ezisecaleni, iisaladi zeziqhamo, kunye neendlela zokupheka zaseMexico.
basil yelamuni (Ocimum Ă— citriodorum)
Ixabiseke kakhulu kwi-cuisine yaseAsia kunye neArabhuI-basil ye-Lemon yi-hybrid phakathi kwe-basil emnandi kunye Ocimum americanumAmagqabi ayo amancinci anika ivumba elimnandi lelamuni kunye nencasa, yongeza ubutsha kunye namanqaku e-citrus angenakulinganiswa nanto kwiisaladi, intlanzi, isuphu, ikheri, kunye neziselo (ingakumbi iti e-iced kunye ne-cocktails). Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nebasil yelamuni kaNksk. Burns zinevumba elinamandla.
basil lime (Ocimum americanum)
Ngokufana naleyo yangaphambili, i basil lime Inevumba elimnandi kunye nencasa, ekhumbuza i-lime. Igqwesile kwi-infusions, izimuncumuncu, intlanzi, kunye nokutya kwaselwandle, kwaye sisityalo sokuhombisa esomeleleyo, esilungele ukukhula kwiimbiza.
I-basil yamaGrike okanye encinci (Ocimum ubuncinane) kunye neGlobe eSpicy
Ezi ntlobo zinamaqabunga amancinci kakhulu kunye nokukhula okuhlangeneyo, okugqibeleleyo kwiigadi zasezidolophini okanye iindawo ezincinci. Incasa ibukhali kwaye inesiqholo, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwiisaladi okanye kwiigarnishes, zongeza i-flavour kunye nokuhlobisa. I-Spicy Globe, ngokukodwa, ikhula ngendlela yebhola encinci eluhlaza kwaye iqinile kakhulu.
Ezinye iintlobo ezinomdla ze-basil
- Neapolitan basil: Amagqabi abanzi kakhulu kwaye aphitheneyo, incasa ethambileyo.
- Basil Pluto: Icwecwe, ilungele ukukhula kwiimbiza, amagqabi amancinci kodwa anevumba elimnandi.
- I-Basil yase-East Indian (Ocimum): Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kunye nokupheka e-Asia, enomxholo ophezulu we-eugenol kunye nephunga elimnandi.
- Basil ka-Aristotle: I-Shrubby kunye ne-compact, enamaqabunga amancinci, aphawulwe ngokuchasa kwayo kunye nephunga elitsha.
I-Basil egadini nasekhitshini: ukusetyenziswa kunye neengcebiso
La I-Basil ilula kakhulu ukukhulaIkhetha umhlaba ochumileyo, ococekileyo, ilanga eligcweleyo, kunye nesigxina, kodwa kungekhona amanzi, ukufuma. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza: ukusuka kwimbewu okanye kwi-cuttings, inokutshintshwa kwiimbiza okanye umhlaba xa ifikelela kubukhulu obufanelekileyo. Ukucheba iingcebiso kukhuthaza isityalo esinamasebe kunye nemveliso.
Ukuvuna kufuneka kwenziwe kusasa, kwaye ukugcina isityalo sinamandla, kungcono ukuqokelela amagqabi ngaphambi kokuba iintyatyambo. Ukuba ukhangela imbewu, yivumele ukuba iphuhlise i-inflorescences kwaye ivune xa yomile.
Ekhitshini, i-basil entsha ikhethwayo yomisiwe, njengoko ivumba layo libukhali kwaye lithambile. Yeyona nto iphambili kwipestos, iisaladi, iisosi, izitya ezisekwe kwitumato, ipizza, icurries, infusions, ioyile enevumba elimnandi, kunye nezimuncumuncu. Ezinye iintlobo, ezinjengeThai okanye ilamuni, zivula iingcango kwiiresiphi ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe.
Iipropati zonyango kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhambelanayo kwe-basil
Ngaphandle kwexabiso layo lokupheka, I-Basil sisityalo samandulo samayezaIoli yayo ebalulekileyo iqulethe i-eugenol, i-linalool, i-polyphenols, kunye ne-flavonoids ene-antioxidant, i-antimicrobial, i-anti-inflammatory, kunye ne-digestive properties. I-Tulsi, okanye i-basil engcwele, ixabiswa kakhulu kumayeza e-Ayurvedic, ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuphefumla, ukugaya kunye neemeko zokuphazamiseka.
Ikwavelele njenge isityalo sokuhombisa kunye nendalo yokugxotha egadini, inceda ukugxotha izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana nentwala kunye namangolwane ukuba zikhuliswe ecaleni kwetumato, iipepile kunye namathanga.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo ekulinyweni kwe-basil
Nangona kunjalo basil yomelele, inokuchaphazeleka yi umsebenzi wasemgodini wamagqabi, umngundo (ikakhulu I-Fusarium), iinkumba kunye neentsholongwane. I zenkcubeko Eyona nto isebenzayo kukuthena iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngesandla, ukuchumisa ngezinto eziphilayo kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwezixhobo.
Ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zikhuliswe ngokusondeleleneyo, ukudluliselwa kwepoleni kunokwenzeka, ukuguqula ukucoceka kwembewu. Kule meko, ukugcina iimpawu ezithembekileyo, kungcono ukuthenga imbewu eqinisekisiweyo.
Curiosities kunye negalelo lenkcubeko basil
Esi sityalo sinembali enomdla: sasingcwele kwimpucuko efana ne-Egypt ne-Indiya, sinezithethe eziphefumlelweyo kunye nesimboli, kwaye namhlanje siluphawu lokutya kweMeditera, ukutya kwaseThailand, kunye namayeza esintu kumazwekazi amaninzi.
Ukuphonononga iyantlukwano ye-basil kufana nokujonga umhlaba ogcwele amavumba kunye nama-nuances. Uhlobo ngalunye lunegalelo ubuntu unique kunye neenzuzo emyezweni nasetafileni. Ukuba unomdla wokusebenza egadini okanye ukupheka, uvavanya ngokwahlukileyo iintlobo ze-basil Iyakwandisa i-horizons yakho kwaye ikuvumele ukuba wonwabele iincasa ezahlukeneyo, amavumba, kunye nemibala kwiiresiphi zakho. Ungalibazisi ukudibana nemithombo ekhethekileyo, zama imihlanganiselwa emitsha, kwaye ufumane amandla apheleleyo yenye yezona zityalo zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni.
