Ngaba uyafuna ukusebenzisa inkunkuma yakho yendalo, kodwa unexhala malunga nendlu yakho inuka njengokubola? Ungakhathazeki: nge iindlela ezilungileyo zokuvundisa Ngesitya esifanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukwenza umgquba womgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kwevumba elibi, nakwindlu encinci.
Kumxholo we ubomi obuzinzileyo Kwaye ngokuzibophezela kwi-Agenda ye-2030 (Injongo ye-12 ekusebenziseni uxanduva kunye nemveliso), zonke izenzo zibala. I-UN ilumkisa ukuba phantse isinye kwisithathu sokutya okuveliswayo emhlabeni kuphelela kwinkunkuma: loo nto zizigidi zeetoni kunye nesixa esikhulu semali esichithiweyo. Ukuguqula ezo zilaphu zibe umgquba wasekhaya Inciphisa inkcitho, yonga imali, kwaye ibuyisela izondlo emhlabeni ngaphandle kwemichiza.
Yintoni umgquba kwaye kutheni uyenza ekhaya?
Umgquba yi isichumiso sezinto eziphilayo efumaneka xa iintsholongwane ezinjengomngundo kunye neebhaktheriya ziguqula amaqhekeza ezityalo nekhitshi zibe yinto emnyama, ekhululekileyo, enuka umhlaba. Kukwakho izinto ezahlukeneyo eziveliswa yimisundululu (yvcompompsi) kunye nefomati yokuvubela engenamoya (Bokashi) ebalaseleyo kuyo inqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu lamavumba.
Ukongeza ekuphuculeni ubume bomhlaba, umgquba inikeza izondlo ezibalulekileyo (N, P, K kunye ne-micronutrients), kwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwaye kusebenze ubomi be-microbial luncedo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba nge-100 kg nganye yenkunkuma ephilayo ungayifumana ukuya kuthi ga 30 kg yesichumiso ezinokusetyenziswa ezimbizeni, ezitiyeni nakwizixhobo zokutyala.
Umgquba unokuboniswa ngendlela eqinile okanye ulweloIfom eqinileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuxutyweni nomhlaba okanye njenge-mulch; ulwelo (iti ye-compost okanye i-leachate kwiinkqubo ezithile) ivumela a isicelo esiluncedo kakhulu ngokunkcenkceshela okanye ngokutshiza.
Ngaphaya kwegadi, ukwenza umgquba ekhaya luphawu olucacileyo Uqoqosho olujikelezayo: Unciphisa inkunkuma esiyithumela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma (kunye nemethane eyivelisayo) kwaye uphumeze ukuzimela geqe kwizichumiso zentengiso.
Ukuba unexhala malunga namavumba, kukho iindlela ezizanyiweyo nezivavanyiweyo kunye nezikhongozeli ezithile ezenza ukuba inkqubo yenzeke. icocekile kwaye iyingqondinangaphakathi.
Ukukhetha kunye nokulungisa isitya somgquba
Unokwenza i-compost eyenziwe ekhaya okanye uyithenge. umgquba wasekhaya Ukulungele ukusetyenziswa. Ngaphakathi, kungcono ukubeka phambili izixhobo eziyilwe kakuhle ezilawula umoya, amanzi, kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke, ivumba.
Ukuba okuphambili kwakho kukugcina indawo, zikho i-vermicomposters edibeneyo Yenzelwe amagumbi. Basebenza ngendlela efanayo: ibhedi yekhadibhodi, inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo enqunqwe kakuhle, kunye neentshulube ezisebenza umlingo wazo ngesantya esithe chu.
Indlela yeBokashi, kwelinye icala, ivundisa inkunkuma ngaphandle kweoksijini isebenzisa... microorganisms ezithileYinkqubo ecocekileyo kakhulu: ukuba yi-anaerobic, ayivelisi ukubola, ngoko akukho phantse ivumba okanye izinambuzane. Izinto ezibangelwayo zingcwatywa ukugqiba ukuguqulwa, kwaye ulwelo (ijusi yeBokashi) isebenza njenge... isichumisi esixutyiweyo kwaye, engaxutywanga, njenge unblocker yasekhaya kwimibhobho.
Kukho iityhubhu zeBokashi zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngazo izinto ezihlaziyiweyoZiyi-compact (malunga ne-35 × 24 × 25,7 cm), zilungele ukufakwa phantsi kweesinki okanye kwiikona ezilumkileyo. Ezinye ziquka umgubo we activator kunye nempompo yokuqokelela i-leachate.
Kwi-classic aerobic composting (ngaphandle kweempethu), umgqomo ongangeni moya awukhuthazwa: iimicroorganisms zifuna ioksijiniKe ngoko, kukho imigqomo yokuphefumla eneziciko kunye nezihluzo zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo ukubambisa amavumba kunye neengcongconi. Kwicandelo le-premium, iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ziye zavela ukuba susa kwaye ukhuphe umoya Basebenza ngokwabo kwaye bathembisa iziphumo kwiiyure ezimbalwa, ezenzelwe iikhikhini zanamhlanje.
Zeziphi izinto omawuzisebenzise kwaye zeziphi onokuziphepha
Isitshixo kwimpumelelo kukudibanisa "uhlaza" (nitrogen) y "brown" (carbon) ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokukhawulezisa ukubola kunye nokuthintela amavumba amabi.
Izinto eziluhlaza (ezityebileyo kwinitrogen)
- Iintsalela ze iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ikrwada, inqunyulwe kakuhle.
- Imingxuma ye coffee y iingxowa zeti (ngaphandle kwee-staples).
- Amaqokobhe amaqanda ityunyuziwe.
- Ingca kusandula kusikwa kwaye kuthenwe eluhlaza.
- Flores ibunile.
Ezi ntsalela zifumile kwaye "zinamandla" kwii-microbes; idibene ne izinto ezomileyo Balungelelanisa umswakama kunye nesakhiwo.
Izinto ezimdaka (ezityebileyo kwikhabhoni)
- Amagqabi yomileiindiza, hay.
- Amasebe amancinci, ama-splinters kunye uthuli lwamaplanga ngokhuni olungaphathwanga.
- Iphepha kunye nebhodi ebhaliweyo ngaphandle kweenki okanye i-lamination, inqunyulwe ibe ngamaqhekeza.
- Oonokrwece be amandongomane.
IiBrown zibonelela ngesakhiwo kunye ne-aeration, inceda ukuhamba kwe ioksijini Ndifike kuyo yonke ingqumba.
Umlinganiselo ocetyiswayo
Gcina ubudlelwane be 2-3 iinxalenye ezimdaka kwindawo nganye eluhlaza. Oku kuguqulela kwiileya ezomileyo ezinobuninzi kunye nolawulo oluhle lokufuma.
Yintoni ongafanele uyifake
- Inyama, intlanzi kunye nobisiZitsala izinambuzane kwaye zibangele amavumba amabi.
- Ioli kunye namafuthaBenza iileya ezingenamanzi ezicothisa ukubola.
- inkunkuma yezilwanyana zasekhayaZiyakwazi ukuthwala iintsholongwane.
- Izityalo ezigulayo okanye nezitshabalalisi, nokhula olunembewu esebenzayo.
- Iinkuni eziphathwayo, iipeyinti okanye zihlala zinemichiza.
Ukuba ujonge izichumisi ezisekelwe kwizilwanyana, sebenzisa iimveliso iphathwe ngokukodwa kwezolimo (umzekelo, i-guano yorhwebo), hayi ilindle lasekhaya elingalungiswanga.
Indlela yokwenza umquba ngaphandle kokuvumba: inyathelo ngesinyathelo
Undoqo kwicompost engenavumba lulawulo olululo lwe umswakama, i ioksijini kunye nokulinganisela kwezinto. Ukusuka apho, ungakhetha i-vermicomposting (ngeentshulube) okanye Indlela yeBokashi.
Ukwenza iicompicomposting
- Lungiselela a ibhedi yekhadibhodi okanye iphepha elihambelanayo ezantsi.
- Yongeza omnye umaleko wekhadibhodi ekhutshiweyo, ubukhulu obuyi-4-5 cm, kwaye uyinyakazise ngebhotile yokutshiza.
- Ngena i Umhlaba kunye nelizwe lokuhlala kwayo.
- Beka ifayile ye- iintsalela eziphilayo zinqunqwe kwaye zogqunywe ngomnye umaleko wephepha/ikhadibhodi.
Ukufuma kufuneka kufane ne isipontshi esonakeleyoUkuba iyathontsiza, kukho amanzi amaninzi kakhulu. Njengoko besebenza, uya kuqokelela i-humus kunye nexabiso "iti yombungu"Ukusuka ezantsi ukuba izixhobo zakho zinempompo."
Ukuba unegadi, i-vermicomposter ithanda flowerbed okanye umda Ifakwe kwisiza ngokwayo ukuguqula inkunkuma yasekhitshini kwindawo.
Indlela yeBokashi
- Hlanganisa i inkunkuma ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ukukhupha umoya.
- fafaza ukubilisa ii-microorganisms (isivuseleli) kumnikelo ngamnye.
- Phinda iileyiti zide zigcwale kwaye uvale isikhongozeli.
- Yiyeke ibile Iintsuku ze14 engavulwanga.
- Qokelela ulwelo kwaye uhlambulule kuyo 100:1 ukusetyenziswa njengesichumiso; isiqina esivundisiweyo siyangcwatywa okanye sixutywe nomgquba.
I-Bokashi ifanelekile kwimigangatho kuba ukuvubela kuthintela... ukubola kunye nokubonakala kweempukane ezincinci.
Ulawulo lokufuma kunye nokungenisa umoya
Kwi-compost ye-aerobic, xuba iziqulatho rhoqo Iintsuku ezingama-7-10 Ukusebenzisa ifolokhwe okanye intonga, qhawula iindawo ezidibeneyo. Lungisa ukufuma: yongeza umdaka ngakumbi ukuba kukho amanzi angaphezulu okanye utshize ukuba womile.
Iqondo lobushushu kunye nomoya
Inkqubo ivelisa ubushushu: luphawu oluhle olo. Isikhongozeli esingena umoya kakuhle izihluzi zekhabhoni Inceda ukulawula amavumba ekhitshini. Ngaphandle, qinisekisa ngokulula ukungena komoya kunye nokukhupha amanzi.
Ukuba ivumba libi, lilungise.
Ivumba elibi lidla ngokuvela inkunkuma egqithisileyo (Ziyabola phambi kokubola) okanye ngenxa yokufuma okuninzi. Yongeza izinto ezomileyo, khupha umoya, kwaye ujonge ukuba awufakanga naziphi na izinto ezithintelweyo.
Ixesha lokuvuthwa kunye neempawu zokuba sele lilungile
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu, ubungakanani beziqwenga, umxube kunye ne-aeration, inkqubo ithatha phakathi Iinyanga ezi-2 kunye ezi-6Uya kuyazi ukuba umgquba uvuthiwe xa unombala omdaka omnyama, ukuthungwa komhlaba, kunye Inuka ngathi ngumhlaba omanzi., ngaphandle kweempawu ezibonakalayo zeentsalela zokuqala.
Ukuba ufumanisa ivumba elibi, mhlawumbi kukho ukunqongophala kweoksijini okanye eninzi kakhulu. luhlazaIchanekile ngokumdaka kunye nokujika. EBokashi, khumbula ukuba isigaba setyhubhu kukubilisa; ukuvuthwa kugqitywa emva kokuwungcwaba okanye ukuxuba kunye nomgquba.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha
Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo kukungalungelelani komxube: kuninzi kakhulu luhlaza Bavelisa ukufuma kunye nevumba; ezininzi kakhulu ezimdaka ngebala zicothisa ukubola.
- Ukufuma okungalawulekiyoLungisa "kwisiponji esigruthiweyo". Ukomisa, izitshizi; imanzi, yongeza i-browns.
- Ukungabikho kweoksijiniGxuma rhoqo ukuze ugweme iindawo ezidibeneyo kunye neenkqubo ze-anaerobic.
- Izinto ezingonelanga: akukho nyama, ubisi, i-oyile, iikhemikhali okanye ilindle lesilwanyana sasekhaya.
- Amaqhekeza amakhulu kakhulu: nqunqa okanye usila; amaqhekeza amancinci aguquka ngokukhawuleza.
Ngolu lungiso, umgquba wakho uya kuhlala amavumba ukugcina kude kwaye uya kuqhubela phambili ngesantya esihle.
Indlela yokusebenzisa umgquba: ukuhluzwa, ukugalelwa kunye nedosi
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili
Phambi kokuwusebenzisa, galela umgquba nge-a isisefu okanye isikrini Ithambekele ukwahlula amaqhekeza arhabaxa, amasetyana okanye amatye. Amaqhekeza amahle abuyela emyezweni; amaqhekeza arhabaxa abuyela kwingqumba ukuze aqhubeke nokuvuthwa.
Sifaka nini kwaye njani isicelo
Emva koko Iinyanga ezi-6-12Umgquba omtsha ngoku ungasetyenziswa njengesichumisi esithambileyo. Qaphela: umxholo wayo wezondlo uxhomekeke kwinto oyongezileyo, ngoko ke uyisebenzise ngononophelo.
- EgadiniUkusabalalisa i-2-5 cm phezu komhlaba kwaye udibanise ne kuqala 10-15 cm emhlabeni.
- Ezimbizeni: Dibanisa inxalenye ye-1 ye-compost ukuya kwi-3 ye-substrate yorhwebo ukuphepha ukuhluthwa.
- Njengombhobho: sasaza i-2-5 cm ngeenxa zonke, ushiye i-ring engabonakaliyo ecaleni kwesiqu.
Ukuba uqhele ukuchumisa ngeemveliso zorhwebo, ngokudibanisa umgquba unako ukunciphisa umthamo kwezinye izichumisi malunga ne-50% (kuxhomekeke ekubeni isityalo "sibawa" kangakanani).
Amaxabiso esikhokelo
Isikhokelo esilula kukusebenzisa phakathi 3 kunye neelitha ezingama-4 ye-compost nge-square meter nganye (malunga nefotsholo enye) kwimihlaba yegadi. Ukuba uyisebenzisa njenge-conditioner yolwakhiwo, yiyeke ikhule kangangonyaka: iya kuba nezondlo ezimbalwa kodwa i-humus ezinzile, ephucula umhlaba kwixesha elide.
Iti ye-compost
Iti ye-compost yi-a isichumiso esingamanzi Utyebile kwii-microorganisms eziluncedo. Sebenzisa amanzi angenayo iklorini (amanzi adiyiweyo, amanzi emvula, okanye amanzi etephu ashiywe ukuma iiyure ezingama-24) ukunqanda ukonakalisa ezi zinto ziphilayo.
- Beka inxalenye e-1 ye-compost kwi-a ingxowa ilaphu.
- Yifake kwiindawo ezili-10 zamanzi angenayo iklorin 24-48 iiyure.
- Gxuma ngamaxesha athile kwaye uyisebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukunkcenkceshela okanye ukutshiza.
Kwii-vermicomposters ezinempompo, i iti yombungu Iqokelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye isetyenziswe ihlanjululwe ngokwengcebiso yomenzi.
Ukwenziwa komgquba ezidolophini, ukurisayikilishwa kunye nolawulo lwevumba
Ukwahlulwa kwenkunkuma ephilayo eSpain yomelezwe kunye ne isitya esimdakaIsinyanzelo ukususela ngo-2024 koomasipala kunye noluntu oluzimeleyo. Ungathatha iintsalela zakho apho okanye ukhethe a umgquba wasekhaya ukuvala umjikelo ekhaya.
Ukwenzela ngaphakathi, khetha iityhubhu ezinomoya nge izihluzi zekhabhoni ezibamba amavumba kwaye zigcine izinambuzane kude. Kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ukususwa kunye nokuncedisa umoya wokungenisa umoya lula ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla.
Ukuba ukhetha i-Bokashi, unciphisa amavumba enkosi ukubiliswa kwe-anaerobicUlwelo olubangelwayo, luhlanjululwe, sisichumisi esigqwesileyo; engaxutywanga, isebenza njenge plunger Ukufika ngexesha ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo oneasidi kunye nemicrobial.
Kwaye enye inqaku elongezelelweyo xa uphanda okanye uthenga izixhobo kwi-intanethi: iinkampani ezihloniphekileyo zibonelela ngolwazi malunga ne ukusetyenzwa kwedatha Idatha yomuntu siqu ngokuhambelana ne-GDPR kwaye ilumkise malunga nokusetyenziswa kweekuki; ukuphonononga le migaqo-nkqubo ukukhangela ngokuzithemba.
Ukuguqula inkunkuma yakho yendalo ibe yigolide emnyama ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngamavumba sisenzo somlingo wemihla ngemihla. Isitshixo silungelelaniso: isitya esifanelekileyo, idosi efanelekileyo yomonde, kunye nebhalansi egqibeleleyo phakathi kokumanzi (izinto eziluhlaza) kunye nezomileyo (izinto ezimdaka).
Nayiphi na indlela oyikhethayo bokashi okanye ihlabathi elimangalisayo I-VermicompostUza kuguqula into ebikade "yinkunkuma" ibe yinto ubomi obunyulu kwisitiya sakhoNgumjikelo okudibanisa nendalo: ugcina izityalo zakho zisempilweni, umhlaba uchumile, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ikhaya lakho lingenazinkathazo kwaye unesazela esicocekileyo!
