Ukuguqula izilaphu zasekhitshini kunye negadi zibe yi-compost ekumgangatho ophezulu kulula kunokuba kubonakala kwaye kuluncedo kakhulu kwizityalo zakho. Ngomgquba wasekhaya, wenza indima yakho ukunceda okusingqongileyo. Uqoqosho olujikelezayoUnciphisa inkunkuma kwaye ufezekise umhlaba osisiponji kunye nochumileyo ngaphandle kokubhenela kwiikhemikhali.
Ngaphaya kokuba yifashoni, ukwenziwa komgquba wasekhaya luqheliselo olunamawaka eminyaka yembali ngoku ebuyela ngamandla ngenxa yexabiso layo lokusingqongileyo nezoqoqosho. Ngokufunda ukwenza umgquba, uguqula inkunkuma ibe ngumthombo: ufumana imathiriyeli etyebileyo ngezondlo iphucula ubume be-substrateYandisa ugcino lwamanzi kwaye ikhuthaza ubomi bomhlaba, ikwanceda nokuthintela izitshabalalisi.
Yintoni i-composting kwaye kutheni ukwenza ekhaya?
Ukwenza umgquba yinkqubo yebhayoloji apho ibhaktiriya, umngundo, kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezingenamqolo (kuquka Umhlaba, nk ukufakwa kwento ekhayaZibolisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo zomoya kunye nokufuma. Isiphumo sisivundiso: a isichumiso sendalo kunye nezinzile ethi ityebise umhlaba kwaye iwenze womelele.
Ukwenza owakho umgquba kunciphisa iqhekeza le-organic eliphela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwizitshisi, ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko kunye nokunceda imo engqongileyo. ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozuluEkhaya, kukwathetha ukonga: usebenzisa kwakhona into obuyilahla kwaye wenza ngaphandle kwezichumisi zentengiso.
Umgquba ubonelela ngezondlo (i-N, P, K kunye ne-micronutrients), ikhuthaza ukuhlanganisana kwamasuntswana omhlaba, iphucula ukungena ngaphakathi kwaye inciphisa Ukhukuliseko lomhlabaEyona nto isetyenziswayo ibandakanya iimbiza zokuchumisa kunye nezitiya, ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakeleyo, kwaye, ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kwanokuvelisa [into]. biogas kwiindawo ezithile.
Izinto eziluhlaza kunye nemdaka: ibhalansi eyenza umahluko
Ukuze inkqubo ihambe kakuhle, kufuneka udibanise amaqela amabini ezinto eziphathekayo. Ezi zibizwa luhlaza (ityebile kwinitrogen) yenza kusebenze ubomi bemicrobial kwaye ikhawulezise ukubola. ntsundu (isityebi kwikhabhoni) sibonelela ngesakhiwo, sithintele i-caking kwaye sincede ukulawula umswakama.
Phakathi kwemifuno, unokongeza iziqhamo eziseleyo kunye nemifuno, iindawo zekhofi, kunye iibhegi zetiingca esandula kusikwa, amagqabi athambileyo, iintyatyambo ezibunileyo kunye amaqokobhe amaqanda atyumkileyoZizinto ezifumileyo ezibola ngokukhawuleza ngokwentelekiso.
IiBrown ziquka amagqabi omileyo, iindiza kunye nefula, amasetyana amancinci kunye neetshiphusi, ikhadibhodi kunye nephepha ngaphandle kwe-lamination okanye i-inks eziyingxaki, i-sawdust evela kwimithi engacocwanga, amaqokobhe amandongomane, kunye nokuba izikhonkwaneYomile kwaye ine-fibrous, igcina umgquba ungena moya.
Njengomthetho wesithupha, jolise umlinganiselo we 2-3 iindawo ezimdaka ukuya kwi-1 inxalenye eluhlazaNgokwesiqhelo, oku kuguqulela kumaleko amdaka kancinci kunombala oluhlaza, okanye ukongeza "isandla" esilungileyo semathiriyeli eyomileyo ixesha ngalinye usongeza izinto ezintsha.
Yintoni engena kumgquba kwaye yintoni engekhoyo
Kukho izinto ezimele ziphetshwe ukuze kugcinwe inkqubo icocekile. ngaphandle kwamavumba amabi Kwaye akufanelekanga izinambuzane. Akufunekanga zibe kumgqomo wakho womgquba. inyama, intlanzi, amathambo, okanye iimveliso zobisii-oyile okanye igrisi, ilindle lesilwanyana sasekhaya, iinkuni ezicoliweyo, iipeyinti okanye iikhemikhali, izityalo ezigulayo, okanye ukhula olunembewu esele ikhulile.
Kwelinye icala, iziqwenga zeziqhamo nemifuno, ikofu kunye netiyi, amaqokobhe amaqanda, amagqabi omisiweyo, iziqwenga zokuthena, amaplanga angacocwanga, iinapkins ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nephepha lasekhitshini (ngomlinganiselo omncinci), ikhadibhodi ekrazukileyo, kunye amasetyana amancinciUya kubona ukuba ezinye izikhokelo zikhankanya amathambo entlanzi okanye ezinye izilwanyana eziseleyo; ngokobuchwephesha benza umgquba, kodwa ekhaya kungcono ukubashiya ngaphandle ukuphepha izilwanyana ezingafunwayo.
Inqaku eliluncedo: nangona inkunkuma yezilwanyana ayifakwanga kwi-composting yasekhaya, kukho izichumisi zendalo ezifana bat guano Ezi zinyangelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo kwaye zinexabiso eliphezulu lesondlo. Azixutywanga kwii-composts zasekhaya, kodwa kulungile ukwazi ukuba zikhona.
Izigaba ezi-4 zenkqubo: le yindlela isitaki sakho sivela ngayo
Ukuguqula inkunkuma yakho ibe "igolide elimnyama" Ihamba ngezigaba ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo kunye nomsebenzi we-microbial. Ukuqonda ezi zigaba kunceda ukulungisa umoya nokufuma kwinqanaba ngalinye kunye nokuqonda ukuba kutheni imfumba ishushu okanye iphole.
Isigaba mesophilic (iintsuku ezi-2-3): Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakathi, i-mesophilic microorganisms iqala ukubola kweekhompawundi ezilula. Ingqumba iba "isebenze" kwaye iqala ukuvelisa ubushushu.
Isigaba thermophilic (iiveki ezi-1-2): Kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-45-60 ° C, iintsholongwane ze-thermophilic ziqhekeza iimolekyuli ezinzima ezifana neeprotheni kunye namafutha. Eli nqanaba lihlambulula izinto kwaye likhawulezise inkqubo, liphucula umgangatho we-compost yokugqibela.
Isigaba se Ukupholisa (iiveki okanye iinyanga): ubushushu buyancipha, izinga lokubola liyacotha, kwaye izinto eziphilayo ezisebenza ngokuthe ngcembe zivela. Eli lixesha lokudityaniswa komxube.
Isigaba se ukuvuthwa (iinyanga): Iintsholongwane zisebenza ngokucothayo kweyona nkunkuma ixhathisayo de izinze. Kuxhomekeka kwimozulu, izinto zokwakha, nendlela yokuphatha, oku kunokuthabatha iinyanga eziliqela okanye kude kusondele unyaka kwiimfumba ezibanda kakhulu nezingafane zijikwe.
Inyathelo ngenyathelo: misela umgqomo wakho womgquba ekhaya
Inyathelo lokuqala ukuya seta umgqomo wakho we-compost ekhaya Imalunga nokukhetha indawo eyiyo. Njonga i umthunzi ongaphelelanga kunye nomoya omhle ukuthintela imixholo ukuba yome kakhulu okanye ibe namanzi. I-patio, ikona yegadi, okanye i-balcony iya kusebenza ukuba isitya senziwe kakuhle.
Umgquba wezorhwebo onesiciko uya kusebenza, okanye unokwenza ngokwakho kwiipalati okanye ikreyiti yeziqhamo eyomeleleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ivumele umoya ukuba ujikeleze kwaye igcine ukufuma. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yifake ukudibana nomhlaba ukuququzelela ukungena kwemisundululu kunye ne-microorganisms eziluncedo.
Phambi kokongeza inkunkuma, beka a umnatha wesinyithi (uthintele abangeneleli njengeempuku) kwaye usasaze umaleko we-2-3 cm yomhlaba ocolekileyo. Ngaphezulu koko, qalisa iileyile ezitshintshanayo: izinto zokuqala ezimdaka (amasetyana, amagqabi omileyo), emva koko luhlaza (i-kitchen scraps), njalo njalo.
Gcina umlinganiselo we-2-3: 1 ngokuthanda umdaka. Gubungela umaleko ngamnye ngoluhlu olomileyo ukuze utywine kwiivumba kunye iimpukane ezincinciEmva kwebhetshi nganye, fafaza amanzi ukuba indawo yomile: ukufuma okufanelekileyo kufana noko a isipontshi esixutywe kakuhleayivuzi.
Kuphephe ukubumbana kakhulu. Khulula ngefolokhwe okanye ngentonga. rhoqo 7-14 iintsuku Ukongeza ioksijini, kwaye ukuba uqaphela imfumba idityaniswa okanye ivumba elingaqhelekanga, yifake umoya rhoqo. Ukuba ifumile kakhulu, yongeza izinto ezimdaka; ukuba yomile, yongeza amanzi kancinci.
Ulawulo lokufuma kunye nokungenisa umoya: intliziyo yempumelelo
Ngaphandle kwamanzi kunye neoksijini akukho manyolo we-aerobic: inkqubo iyancipha okanye ibe yi-anaerobic kwaye izinambuzane zivela buhlunguJonga ukufuma ngesandla izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngeveki; yongeza amanzi ukuba i-material crumbles xa yomile, kwaye ubuyekeze ngokugqithisileyo ngamagqabi kunye nekhadibhodi ekhuniweyo xa uyibona ivuza.
Ukungena komoya kubalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ukuyijika akufani nokuyibetha. Hambisa imathiriyeli ukusuka emaphethelweni ukuya embindiniapho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu afikelelekayo, aze akhulule iileya ezixineneyo ezinamathelana. Ishedyuli yokujika yeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10 idla ngokusebenza, nangona kwiindawo ezibandayo unokuyibeka kwindawo ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2.
Ubushushu buya kukuxelela ukuba zihamba njani izinto: ukuba i-core ishushu okanye ishushu kwi-touch, ukubola kuyaqhubeka. Ukuba ayikhe ifudumale, jonga umlinganiselo we eluhlaza kunye nomdaka kunye nokufuma, mhlawumbi kukho ukunqongophala kwenitrogen, amanzi okanye ioksijini.
Ixesha lokuvuthwa kunye neempawu zokuba sele lilungile
Ishedyuli ixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yakho yolawulo kunye nemozulu. Ngezinto ezinqunqiweyo, ukuxuba okulungileyo, i-aeration rhoqo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa komswakama, unokufezekisa umgquba osebenzisekayo [kwixesha elilahlekileyo]. Iinyanga ezi-2-6Ukuba uyishiya "ngokwayo" kwaye kwiimeko ezibandayo, kunokuthatha iinyanga ezi-6-12.
Xa i-compost ikhulile, awukwazi ukwahlula izinto zokuqala. umbala omnyama omnyamaKufuneka ibe ne-texture ekhululekile kunye nephunga elimnandi, elinomhlaba wehlathi. Ayifanelanga ijoje igwele okanye njengenkunkuma. Ukuba inuka kakubi, mhlawumbi ayinamoya kakuhle okanye ifumile kakhulu.
Kwizikhongozeli ezinde, izinto ezisezantsi zihlala zilungile phambi kwesixhobo phezulu. Ungayivula ukusuka ezantsi (ukuba umgquba wakho uyakuvumela) kwaye vuna kuphela elo qhekeza, ukuvumela intsalela iqhubeke nenkqubo yayo ngasentla.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha
Ivumba elinamandla: Oku kuqhelekile ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi, ukungabikho komoya, okanye uhlaza oluninzi. Isisombululo: Faka umoya embizeni, yongeza izinto ezimdaka owomileyo (amagqabi, ikhadibhodi), kwaye ujonge ukuba umaleko ongaphezulu ugqityiwe. umaleko owomileyo.
Ukukhula okucothayo: kudla ngokungabi nanitrogen, ubushushu, okanye ukunqunqa. Yongeza imifuno eninzi, amanzi ukuba yomile. Kungcono ukuba iintsalela zinqunyulwe. kwaye kwandisa ukujika rhoqo ukunyusa ubushushu.
Izitshabalalisi okanye iindwendwe ezingafunwayo: ezi zincitshiswe ngokuphepha iimveliso zezilwanyana kunye nokutywina umgquba ngokuqinileyo ngesiciko. Soloko udibanisa umaleko omdaka wokugqibela (amagqabi, amakhadibhodi) uyanceda zifihle iintsalela ezintsha ayisatsali izinambuzane.
Umgquba omanzi kakhulu: lungisa ngezinto ezininzi ezimdaka ezifunxayo (umququ, amagqabi, ikhadibhodi) kunye ukuvula isitya ukuze kungene umoyaKuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngaphandle komkhwa; qala ujonge ukufuma okwenyani ngesandla sakho.
Indlela yokusebenzisa umgquba kwizitiya zemifuno, iintyatyambo kunye neengqayi zeentyatyambo
Ukulungisa umhlaba phambi kokutyala, galela i-2 ukuya kwi-5 cm ye-compost phezu komhlaba kwaye udibanise. kuqala 10-15 cmKwiimbiza, dibanisa malunga nenxalenye enye ye-compost ukuya kwi-3 substrate ukuze utyebise ngaphandle kokuhluza (jonga isichumiso sasekhaya sezityalo ezifakwe embizeni).
Njenge-mulch, sasaza i-2-5 cm ujikeleze izityalo zakho ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokukhusela umhlaba, ushiya isiseko sesiqu sivulekile ukukhusela ukukhula komngundo. Kwizityalo esele zikho, ukusetyenziswa komphezulu olandelwa kukunkcenkceshelwa kuya kuvuselela amandla ngaphandle kwesidingo sezichumisi zekhemikhali (bona izichumisi zasekhaya zezityalo zakho).
Ukuba uthanda ukuchaneka kakhulu, ungalungiselela "iti ye-compost" yokunkcenkceshela okanye ukutshiza ngamahlamvu. Yi isicatshulwa solwelo elayishwe microorganisms eziluncedo encedisana nesichumiso esiqinileyo.
Indlela yokwenza iti ye-compost inyathelo ngenyathelo
Sebenzisa amanzi angenayo iklorine ukunqanda ukonakalisa i-microbiology: ngokufanelekileyo amanzi emvulaidistilled okanye amanzi impompo eshiywe ukuma iiyure ezingama-24. Beka inxalenye e-1 ye-compost evuthiweyo ngaphakathi kwingxowa yelaphu kwaye uyintywilisele kwiindawo ezili-10 zamanzi, ufumane umgquba wamanzi.
Yiyeke ihlale iiyure ezingama-24-48, ivuselela ngamanye amaxesha. Emva koko, sebenzisa ulwelo kwiiyure ezimbalwa ezizayo ukunkcenkceshela isiseko sezityalo okanye ukutshiza amagqabi. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyifaka ngokukhawuleza, yigcine kwindawo epholileyo kwaye Yivuthulule ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokugcinwa komgquba
Iingqimba ezitshintshileyo zenkunkuma emanzi kunye neyomileyo, ukugcina umlinganiselo we-2-3: 1 kwaye uhlala ugqiba nge-brown layer. Le "sandwich" eyakhiweyo inciphisa amavumba kunye nezinambuzane kwaye igcina ioksijini ejikelezayo.
Sebenzisa i-compost enesiciko ukuzinzisa ubushushu kunye nokufuma. Ventilate nge ingeniso yeveki okanye kabini ngevekingakumbi ngeentsuku ezifudumeleyo okanye ukuba ufumanisa iphunga elimuncu, elibonisa ukungabikho kokungena komoya.
Nkcenkceshela kuphela xa umphezulu nophakathi womile. Injongo kukuba "isiponji esigqwethiweyo" uhlobo lokufuma. Ukuba ubona i-tint engwevu kumaleko angaphakathi, idla ngokuba luphawu... ukoma okugqithisileyoYongeza amanzi.
Khumbula ukuba isiseko esine-mesh yensimbi kunye nomhlaba sincedisa ukukhupha amanzi kunye ne-inoculation ye-microorganisms. Ukusika izinto zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci kukhawulezisa izinto: amasebe abhityileyo, ikhadibhodi ekrazukileyo, kunye namaqhekezana asekhitshini anqunqiweyo. bahamba phambili.
Xa indawo engezantsi ilungile (imnyama, ikhululekile, kwaye inevumba lomhlaba), yisuse kwaye uvumele abanye ukuba babaleke. Ngale ndlela ufumana umgquba ngaphandle kokucothisa inkqubo. umjikelo wenguqu ukusuka kumaleko aphezulu.
Inqaku lokusingqongileyo: impembelelo yokwenyani kwinkunkuma nakwimozulu
Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% yenkunkuma yasekhaya inokuba yinto ephilayo kunye ne-compostable. Ngokuyinyanga ekhaya, uyayithintela ekuphelisweni kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma apho ivelisa i-methane, igesi ye-greenhouse enamandla kakhulu okufudumala kune-COâ‚‚ (iqikelelwa ngeenxa zonke. Izihlandlo ezingama-20 zinamandla ngakumbi (ngamaxesha athile). Ibhakethi ngalinye lenkunkuma olijikayo libe ngumgquba linciphisa unyawo lwakho lwendalo.
Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa komgquba njengesilungiso somhlaba kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizichumiso ezenziweyo, kunciphisa ukhukuliseko, kuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye kuyakhuthaza. iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeniKwiifama noomasipala, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunciphisa iindleko zolawulo lwenkunkuma kwaye inceda ekuveliseni ngokutsha umhlaba owonakeleyo.
Umgquba ekhaya udibanisa isithethe kunye nexesha elizayo: unciphisa inkunkuma, ukondla umhlaba, kwaye unakekele izityalo zakho ngesichumisi sendalo, ukulinganisa izinto eziluhlaza kunye nemdaka, ukulawula ukufuma kunye neoksijini, kunye nokuhlonipha amaxesha okuvuthwa. Ngemikhwa embalwa elula (ukugquma, ukujika, ukutshintshisa iileya, kunye nokunkcenkceshela kuphela xa kuyimfuneko), inkqubo icocekile kwaye iyasebenza, kwaye umphumo ... umthombo oxabisekileyo kwiigadi zasezidolophini, iintyatyambo zeentyatyambo kunye neengqayi zeentyatyambo.
