Intshayelelo yeSanta Rita okanye iBougainvillea
La ISanta Rita, kwaziwa njenge mzantsiweb, i-trinitaria, i-bugambilia, intyatyambo yephepha okanye i-bougainvillea, sesinye sezityalo ezixatyiswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele ukudubula kweentyatyambo kunye nokulula kwayo ukulima. Imvelaphi yaseMzantsi Melika, ngoku inokufumaneka kwiigadi, iipatios, kunye namathafa kuwo onke amazwekazi, iqhelana nemozulu epholileyo kunye neshushu.
Imele eyayo ukumelana, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi, kunye nobume obumangalisayo beebracts zayo (izakhiwo ezimibalabala ezinjengeentyatyambo). Imibala yayo eqaqambileyo, enokususela kwi<em>magenta, i<em>fuchsia, emhlophe, epinki, e-orenji, etyheli, ne<em>lilac, iyenze yanomtsalane wokwenene wokuhombisa iindonga, iingcingo kunye ne<em>pergolas.
IBougainvillea Ingakhuliswa zombini emhlabeni nasebhodweni, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezincinci zasezidolophini okanye iigadi ezinkulu. Ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukomelela, kunye nokukwazi ukugubungela iindawo ezinkulu kuyenza igqibelele njengescreen esiluhlaza, uthango olungekho sikweni, okanye njengesihlahla esizimele sodwa ukuba sibunjwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye neentlobo zeBougainvillea
I-Bougainvillea yeyodidi Bougainvillea, equka malunga ne-18 yeentlobo ezamkelweyo kunye namakhulu imixube kunye neentlobo zokuhombisaEzimbini zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezi IBougainvillea glabra kunye IBougainvillea spectabilis, zombini ziyaziwa ngobuchule bazo obukhulu beentyatyambo kunye nokuguquguquka.
Nangona sihlala sithetha "ngeentyatyambo" ze-bougainvillea, into esiyibonayo ngokwenene iibrikhi yemibala egqamileyo ejikeleze iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ezincinci nezilumkileyo, azibonakalisi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobume obumangalisayo bezinto ezisonge ngazo.
Izityalo zinokufikelela 1 ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha ukuphakama, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye neemeko ezikhulayo, ukuphuhlisa amasebe anamandla, aguquguqukayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha anameva. Amagqabi awo ahlala eluhlaza okanye i-semi-evergreen (kwimozulu epholileyo okanye efudumeleyo, anokuhlala ehlala eluhlaza phantse unyaka wonke), eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne-oval-shaped.
I-Bougainvilleas inokwenza amatyholo, igqume amathambeka, ikhule ecaleni kweendonga, okanye isebenze njengemidiliya enyukayo ukuba iqeqeshiwe kwaye iyaxhaswa.
Ukulima kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yeSanta Rita
Ukuqinisekisa i ukukhula ngokugqibeleleyo kunye neentyatyambo Kwi-bougainvillea, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokukhula ngokubanzi:
- Ukukhanya: Bafuna ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kwilanga imini yonke. I-Bougainvillea elangeni eligcweleyo iya kuba neentyatyambo ezibukhali ngakumbi Nokuba isemthunzini okanye isemithunzini. Ngaphakathi, kufuneka ibekwe kufuphi neefestile ezikhanyayo, ukuphepha iidrafti okanye izifudumezi ezikufutshane.
- Ubushushu: Ikhetha imozulu epholileyo kunye neshushu, ixhasa zombini ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu athile (ukuya kutsho kwiiqabaka ezikhanyayo). Uninzi luwanyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe 16 kunye ne 32 ºC ukuze akhule kakuhle, nangona ezinye iindidi (ezifana ne glabra) zinokumelana nokuwa okwethutyana, ziphulukane namagqabi kodwa ziphinde zihlume entlakohlaza.
- Umoya: Izityalo ezincinci kufuneka zikhuselwe kwidrafti ezomeleleyo. Ukuba zikhule kwiindawo ezinomoya kakhulu, kungcono ukuzibeka kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokuxhasa amasebe abo.
Kwinqanaba labo labantu abadala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulityale kufutshane neendonga, i-pergolas, iingcingo, okanye nasiphi na isakhiwo esiququzelela ukukhula kwabo njenge-clipper. Ukuba ikhule embizeni, kufuneka ibe nzulu kwaye ibe ne-drainage eyaneleyo.
Umhlaba, i-substrate kunye nokutshintshwa
Uhlobo lomhlaba lungundoqo kuphuhliso olunempilo lwe-bougainvillea.:
- Ubume: Ikhetha ukukhanya, umhlaba otyebileyo, kunye nomhlaba ongenamanzi. Kubalulekile ukunqanda umhlaba onzima, unodongwe, okanye oxineneyo.
- pH: Ayinyamezeli i-calcareous substrates kakhulu. Ukuba umhlaba unealkaline, unokuxutywa nenxalenye elinganayo yesigcina-kufuma samagqabi, i-peat, okanye i-compost kunye nomhlaba oqhelekileyo wegadi ukuze kuphuculwe ubume nobumuncu.
- Inkqubo yogutyulo: Kubalulekile ukuba amanzi akami ejikeleze iingcambu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakwe umaleko wegrabile okanye isanti erhabaxa kwisiseko sembiza okanye xa utyala emhlabeni.
Ukutshintshwa, kufuneka kwenziwe entwasahlobo okanye ehlobo. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukonakalisa ingcambu yeengcambu, njengoko i-bougainvillea ayinyamezeli ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yayo yeengcambu kakuhle. Ukuba ukhula embizeni kwaye utshintsho lwesitya luyafuneka, khetha enkulu kakhulu kwaye usiyeke isityalo siphumle emva kokutshintshwa.
Ukunkcenkceshela: Ukuphindaphinda kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo
La IBougainvillea iyamelana nembalela kwaye ukhetha ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi, kuba amanzi angaphezulu sesinye sezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zeengxaki zeengcambu kunye nokulahleka kwamagqabi:
- Entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni: Nkcenkceshela qho ngeveki egadini (kanye ngeveki ukuba umhlaba ugcina ukufuma okwaneleyo). Kwiimbiza, amanzi kabini ngeveki anokufuneka, kodwa hlala ujonge ukuba i-substrate yomile ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona.
- Ekwindla nasebusika: Nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ubuncinci. Umhlaba kufuneka wome ngokupheleleyo phakathi kokunkcenkceshela, kwaye ngaphandle, imvula idla ngokwaneleyo.
- Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi: Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kuqondiswe kuphela kwi-substrate, kungekhona emagqabini okanye kwiintyatyambo, ukukhusela i-fungus kunye nomonakalo kwisityalo.
- Ingqayi xa ithelekiswa nomhlaba: Izityalo ezifakwe kwiimbiza zifuna ingqalelo ngakumbi kunye nokunkcenkceshela kunezo zikhule emhlabeni, njengoko i-substrate yoma ngokukhawuleza. Qinisekisa ukuba iimbiza zinemijelo yasimahla kwaye ungaze uvumele ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ehlotyeni, ukuba akuna, ukunkcenkceshela kubalulekile, kodwa soloko ukuphepha ukugqithisa kwaye ulungelelanise ukuphindaphinda kwiqondo lobushushu le-ambient.
Umgquba kunye nokuchumisa
Ukuvuselela a iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye nemibala ebukhali, i-bougainvillea idinga unikezelo olufanelekileyo lwezondlo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo:
- Izichumisi ezingamanzi zezityalo ezidubulayo: Faka isicelo kanye ngenyanga entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Ukuba isityalo sisebhodweni, unokuchumisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo (rhoqo ngeentsuku ezili-15) usebenzisa isichumisi esixutywe kumanzi okunkcenkceshela.
- Ukuthatha iayini: Ukuba amaqabunga anethoni ephuzi (chlorosis), kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze i-iron chelates kwi-substrate.
- Kuphephe ukuchumisa ekwindla nasebusika: Ngexesha le-dormancy yasebusika, ukuchumisa akufanele kusetyenziswe, njengoko umsebenzi wesityalo uyancipha. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ubuthathaka okanye iingxaki zokukhula ezingafunekiyo.
Isichumisi esilungeleleneyo esine-microelements asiqinisekisi nje kuphela iintyatyambo, kodwa kunye namahlamvu anempilo kwaye anamandla.
Ukuthenwa kwe-Bougainvillea: ubuchule kunye neengcebiso
La Ukuthena kubalulekile ukugcina ukumila kunye nokuvuselela iintyatyambo ezintle kwaye ulawule ubungakanani be-bougainvillea:
- Umzuzu: Ukuthenwa okuphambili kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ukukhula okunamandla kuqale.
- Yintoni onokuyithena: Susa nawaphi na amasebe awomileyo, awonakeleyo, abuthathaka, okanye achaphazeleke yiqabaka. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usike nawaphina amahlumelo asecaleni akhule ngalo nyaka, ashiye malunga neesentimitha ezi-5 ngaphezulu kwesiqu esingundoqo.
- Uqeqesho: Ukuba ufuna ukugubungela udonga, qeqesha amasebe okuqala ngokuthe tye, ubophe amahlumela amancinci. Ukuba ukhetha isihlahla esingqukuva, sinqumle isinye kwisithathu sesityalo minyaka le.
- Iintyatyambo: Ehlotyeni, kuluncedo ukucofa amagqabi emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo ukukhuthaza amasebe amatsha kunye neentyatyambo ezizayo.
- Izixhobo: Sebenzisa izikere zokuthena ezibukhali nezibulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela ukosulela izifo.
Isikhokelo senkxaso, isikhokelo kunye noqeqesho
I-Bougainvillea ayiphuhlisi izitho zokubamba ezifana ne-tendrils, ngoko kufuneka ibe njalo ikhokelwa kwaye ibotshelelwe kwinkxaso zokukhwela okanye ukugquma iindonga, trellises, kunye pergolas. Iziqu ezincinci ziyaguquguquka kwaye zigobe ngokulula, zenza kube lula ukuqondisa:
- Iindonga kunye neecingo: Sebenzisa iingcingo ezomeleleyo, amagwegwe, okanye iintambo ukukhusela izikhondo ezingundoqo ngokuthe tye okanye ngokunqamlezileyo.
- I-Pergolas kunye ne-arches: Khokela amahlumela amade phezu kwemiqadi ukwenza umthunzi, i-canopy yokuhombisa.
- Iimbiza: Ukuba ikhule embizeni kwaye inkangeleko enesihlahla iyanqweneleka, ukuthena okwakhayo kunokwenziwa ngonyaka ngamnye ukulawula ukukhula ngokuthe nkqo.
Ukuvelisa kunye nokuphindaphinda
La ukuveliswa kweSaint Rita Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokusikwa, nangona kunokwenziwa nakwizithole:
- Ukusikwa komthi oqinileyo: Zithathwa ngexesha lokulala (ekwindla emva kwexesha okanye ebusika), zityalwe kumhlaba omanzi, oyisanti, kwaye zigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa rhoqo. Ukuba i-hormone ye-rooting isetyenzisiweyo, amathuba okuphumelela akhula kakhulu.
- Ukusikwa komthi othambileyo: Zithathwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ukusuka kumasebe aluhlaza kunye ne-semi-woody, agxilwe kwi-substrate ekhanyayo kunye nokufuma okulungileyo.
- Izithole: Kuyenzeka ukuba uthenge imizekelo emincinci kwii-nursery kwaye uyitshintshe xa ubushushu buvumela.
Izityalo ezisasazwa ngokusikwa zidla ngokudubula kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa ukuba zifumene ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo.
Izinambuzane, izifo kunye nokunqongophala kwesondlo
I-Bougainvillea sisityalo esomeleleyo, kodwa sinokuchaphazeleka izitshabalalisi ezithile, izifo kunye nokunqongophala kwezondlo:
- Mealybugs: Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo. Zizincamathele kwiziqu kunye namagqabi, zifunxa incindi. Zingasuswa ngesandla ngekotoni kunye ne-alcohol ye-methylated okanye ngokufaka i-systemic insecticide.
- Iintsholongwane: Bafunxa incindi kumahlumela amancinci, abangela ukuguqulwa kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphuhliswa ngesibindi (umngundo omnyama). Inokunyangwa ngesepha ye-potassium okanye i-insecticide ethile.
- Isigcawu esibomvu: Ibonakala kwindawo ezomileyo, ibangela amabala atyheli kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi. Ilwa ngokunyuka kokufuma kwe-ambient (ukutshiza amanzi kwindawo ejikelezileyo, ungalokothi kwiintyatyambo) kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, usebenzisa i-acaricides.
- Impukane emhlophe: Ibangela ukuba amagqabi abe tyheli kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla. Inokunyangwa ngemigibe yombala kunye nemveliso yezinto eziphilayo.
- I-Powdery mildew okanye ukungunda okumhlophe: Yenza isambatho esimhlophe emagqabini. Inokuthintelwa ngokunqanda ukumanzisa amagqabi ngokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuwanyanga ngemichiza ethile yokungunda.
- Ukusilela kweayini: I-iron chlorosis ibangela ukutyheli kwamagqabi amancinci; iphathwa nge-iron chelates kwi-substrate.
Iintyatyambo: Ufikelela njani kwi-bougainvillea ezele ziintyatyambo
Eyona nto inomtsalane eSanta Rita ilele kwi ubunjani beentyantyambo zayo bunomtsalane, eyenzeka ikakhulu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni:
- Inani lebracts, umbala wabo kunye nobude bayo buxhomekeke ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa.
- Ukuba ikhule embizeni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unciphise ubungakanani besikhongozeli kwaye uthintele ukunkcenkceshela phakathi kwehlobo ukukhuthaza ukudubula kweentyatyambo.
- Ngokunciphisa isichumiso senitrogen kunye nokwandisa i-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus input, isityalo sabela amandla amaninzi kwimveliso yeentyatyambo.
- Kwiimozulu ezipholileyo, ezinye ii-bougainvilleas zinokudubula phantse unyaka wonke.
Ngamathub’ athile, i<em>bougainvillea iphulukana nawo onke amagqabi ayo ize ibonakale ifile, ingakumbi emva kwengqele, uxinezeleko lwembalela, okanye ukugxojwa kwamanzi. Ukuba amasebe ahlala eluhlaza ngaphakathi, isityalo sinokuhluma kwakhona entwasahlobo.
I-Bougainvillea embizeni: ukhathalelo oluthile
Uninzi lwabantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa bakhetha ukukhulisa iSanta Rita kwiimbiza ezinkulu ukuhombisa ipatios okanye amathafa:
- Uhlobo lwesikhongozeli: Khetha iimbiza ezinzulu ezinemingxuma ebanzi yokukhupha amanzi.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Ubuninzi be-frequency xa kuthelekiswa nokulinywa komhlaba, kodwa soloko uphepha ukufuma okugqithisileyo.
- Isiseko: Ukukhanya, ukuchuma kunye negrabile okanye isanti kwisiseko.
- Ukuprintwa: Unokuzinqanda ukucheba ngonyaka kwisinye kwisithathu sesityalo ukugcina imilo oyifunayo kwaye uququzelele ukudubula okulandelayo.
Kwiindawo ezinobusika obubanda kakhulu, imbiza inokufuduselwa ngaphakathi eqaqambileyo de kudlule umngcipheko weqabaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba
I-Bougainvillea iguquguquka kakhulu kwigadi:
- Igubungela iindonga, i-pergolas, i-lattices, iingcingo kunye neentsimbi ukwenza iziphumo ezibonakalayo ezimangalisayo kunye nokubonelela ngemfihlo.
- Ingasetyenziswa njenge isigqubuthelo somhlaba samathambeka kunye neendonga.
- Shape iiheji ezingaqhelekanga nezinemibala kwiigadi ezinkulu.
- Iyalingana ukubunjwa kwamatyholo angqukuva, ifanelekile njengemizekelo yodwa ezimbizeni okanye emhlabeni.
- Kunokwenzeka ukuba uyikhulise njenge bonsai, ngenxa yokukhula ngamandla kunye nokukwazi ukukhula kwakhona emva kokuthenwa.
Ukhathalelo olongezelelweyo kunye neengcebiso zokukhula okunempilo
- Kuphephe uqhaqho-fakelo rhoqo: I-Bougainvillea inovelwano kuphazamiseko kwinkqubo yayo yeengcambu, ngoko ke kufuneka iphinde ifakwe kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Khusela kwiqabaka: Kwiindawo ezibandayo, kucetyiswa ukukhusela isiseko ngotshani okanye iingubo kwaye, ebhodweni, ukuhambisa isityalo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
- Ukucoca: Susa iintyatyambo ezibunile kunye namagqabi awileyo rhoqo ukukhusela izifo kunye nokukhuthaza iintyatyambo ezintsha.
- Inkxaso yokuqala: Sebenzisa izikhonkwane ezomeleleyo, eziguquguqukayo okanye izikhokelo, ngakumbi kwizityalo eziselula okanye kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe ngumoya.