Ukunyuka kwe i-cacti, izityalo ezinencindi kunye ne-succulent Kwimihlobiso yangaphakathi nangaphandle, akukho nto idibene. Eli qela lezityalo alibonakali nje kuphela ngenxa yobuhle bayo obukhulu kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefom, kodwa nangenxa yalo ukulungelelanisa kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsiZilungele abo bajonge ukuzisa ubomi kunye nokutsha kuyo nayiphi na ikona ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elininzi kulondolozo, bebenza eyona ndawo iphambili yeegadi, iiterras, kunye namakhaya.
Kuqhelekile ukubona indibaniselwano yeshumi elinesibini le-cacti kunye ne-succulents encinci kumalungiselelo okuqala, ahlala ekhatshwa yimifanekiso yeZen, imithombo, okanye izinto zokuhombisa, ukudala izithuba ezihambelanayo ezimema ukuphumla kunye nokuzonwabisa okubonakalayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwihlabathi lezi zityalo zinomdla, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwecacti, succulents, kunye ne-succulents, ekubeni la magama ahlala edidekile kwaye, nangona kunjalo, nganye iquka iimpawu zayo ezichaza ukubonakala kwayo, ukunyamekela kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuhlobisa.
Zithini izityalo ezinencasa?
Las izityalo ezimnandi Babumba iqela elibanzi kakhulu lezityalo elibandakanya iintlobo zezityalo ezikwaziyo ukuphila kwindawo ebutshaba, eyinkqantosi enemvula encinane, ngenxa yeendlela ezizodwa zokuziqhelanisa. Isitshixo kwimpumelelo yabo sisekukwazini kwabo gcina amanzi kwizitho ezahlukeneyo (amagqabi, iziqu okanye iingcambu), ezivumela ukuba zimelane nexesha elide lembalela kunye nobushushu obunamandla.
Ukuphumelela kuchazwa zizakhono ezimbini ezinkulu: ukunciphisa ukubila (ukulahlekelwa ngamanzi amancinci) kunye gcina amanzi kwiithishu ezikhethekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, xa imvula okanye ukufuma kwanele, isityalo sigcina amanzi okusebenzisa ngamaxesha anzima. Olu tshintsho lukhatshwa yi-morphology ekhethekileyo: amagqabi ajiyileyo, iziqu ezinyama, indawo ephezulu encitshisiweyo, kunye neenwele ezikhuselayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba i-succulents azikhawulelwanga kusapho olunye lwezityalo, kodwa zikhona kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo ezifana neCrassulaceae, Cactaceae, Agavaceae, Aizoaceae, Euphorbiaceae, kunye ne-Asphodelaceae, phakathi kwezinye. Le yantlukwano ichaza iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo, imibala kunye nobukhulu abakhoyo.
Phakathi kwee-succulents, sinokufumana ii-epicchambers ezijingayo, izityalo ezixineneyo, i-rosette enemibala emininzi, kunye nemizekelo emikhulu. Ukongeza, ii-succulents ezininzi zinexabiso eliphezulu lokuhombisa kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukulima igadi ye-xerophytic, ukubukeka komhlaba okuncinci, kunye nokuhombisa kwangaphakathi okuqaqambileyo.
Izityalo zeSucculent: inkcazo kunye neempawu
Ixesha crass Livela kwisiLatini elithi "crassus", elithetha ukuthi mnene. Isetyenziselwa ukuchonga ezo zityalo ezigcina amanzi zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi amagqabi anenyama, nangona ngamanye amaxesha nakwizikhondo ezimfutshane. Ngoko ke, izityalo ezinencindi zithathwa njenge Iqela elincinane phakathi kweqela elikhulu leesucculents. Koko kukuthi, Zonke iincindi zinencindi, kodwa ayizizo zonke izimuncumuncu..
I-Succulents inamagqabi kunye neziqu ezinezakhiwo ezijiyileyo kwaye zihlala zimilo eyahlukeneyo yejiyometri efana nerosette, i-spirals, okanye iikholamu. Izicubu zabo ezikhethekileyo zivumela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okusebenzayo, okubanika ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwimbalela kunye nokuzimela okumangalisayo kwiimbiza kunye neegadi ezinokunkcenkceshela okungaqhelekanga.
Eminye imizekelo yezityalo ezidumileyo nezithandwa kakhulu kwigadi yile:
- echeveria: ziqatshelwe ngeerosettes zazo zamagqabi kunye nemibala yazo ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kwipinki, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye i-lilac.
- ialoe vera: ixatyiswe ngeempawu zayo zonyango kunye nokuguquguquka.
- agave: i-protagonist yegadi ezomileyo kunye ne-minimalist, enamagqabi aqinileyo kunye neeterminal ezibukhali.
- ICrassula ovata (isityalo sejade): zixatyiswe kakhulu njengezityalo zasendlini ezinokugcinwa kancinci.
- ISedum: ibandakanya isigqubuthelo somhlaba kunye neentlobo ezijingayo, ezilungele iigadi zamatye okanye iindonga eziluhlaza.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zemorphological of succulents zezi:
- Amagqabi atyebileyo, anameva ngokubanzi.
- Ukwakheka kwejiyometri okufana neerozethi zokunciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
- Iinwele okanye iwax kumphezulu ukubonisa imitha yelanga kunye nokuthintela ukubila okugqithisileyo.
- Iingcambu ezibanzi, ezingaphezulu ukuze zibambe ngokukhawuleza amanzi kwiimvula ezimfutshane.
Ubungakanani babo obubambeneyo kunye nokukhula okucothayo kubenza babe yimizekelo efanelekileyo yokuqokelela kunye nokuhombisa iindawo ezincinci, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-cacti, i-succulents, kunye ne-succulents
Nangona kukho ukubhideka okukhulu kwesigama phakathi kwala maqela, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda loo nto azifaniUmahluko ophambili uchazwe ngezantsi:
- Izityalo ezimuncu: La liqela eliqhelekileyo, kuquka bonke abo bagcina amanzi kwindawo ethile yesakhiwo sabo (amagqabi, iziqu, okanye iingcambu). Ezi ziquka i-cacti kunye ne-succulents, kodwa kunye nezinye iintsapho zebhotani ze-morphology ezahlukeneyo.
- Isucculents: Iqela elincinci le-succulents eligcina amanzi ikakhulu kumagqabi ashinyeneyo. Imizekelo: Echeveria, Aloe, Crassula, Sedum.
- Cactus: Iqela elincinane elikhethekileyo leesucculents ezizezosapho olulodwa ICactaceaeZigcina amanzi kwiziqu ezinyama kwaye zineempawu ezikhethekileyo: ii areolas.
Owona mthombo mkhulu wokubhideka uvela ngokuchanekileyo kwi-cacti, njengoko zihlala zicingelwa njengeqela elihlukeneyo lezityalo ngenxa yemigca yazo, kodwa ngokwenene ziguquke kakhulu. Ii-areola Zizinto ezincinci ezifana ne-cushion okanye amaqhuma abekwe phezu kweziqu, apho kuvela khona i-spines, iintyatyambo kunye ne-buds. Olu phawu lwahlukile kwi-cacti kwaye ke lusebenza ukuzohlula kwezinye ii-succulents.
I-Cacti ihlala ingenamagqabi okwenyaniso okanye inamagqabi amancinci kakhulu, atshintshiweyo, kunye nesiqu esililungu eliphambili le-photosynthesis. Imiqolo yenza imisebenzi yokukhusela kwaye inciphisa ilahleko yamanzi ngokuphuma komphunga, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukubamba umbethe okanye ukuvelisa umthunzi wesityalo. Kukho i-cacti ene-spines kunye nangaphandle, ezinye zineenwele ezimhlophe okanye i-glochids, njengeentlobo ze-genus. Lophophora.
Ukufana phakathi kwe-cacti, i-succulents kunye ne-succulents
Ngaphandle kokungafani kwe-morphological kunye ne-taxonomic, La maqela abelana ngolungelelwaniso olufanayo ebavumela ukuba bakhule kwiimeko ezinzima:
- Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo: Zinezicubu ezikhethekileyo ezigcina kwaye zigcine ukufuma, ezivumela ukuba ziphile ngamaxesha ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela.
- Ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwimbalela: Zilungele imimandla ebharhileyo, exhotyiswe ngeendlela zokumelana nobushushu nokungabikho kwamanzi.
- Iimfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi: Zifuna ukhathalelo olungephi, ukunkcenkceshelwa ngamaxesha athile kunye nokukhuselwa kwiqabaka egqithisileyo.
- Ubomi obude kwiindawo ezincinci: Baziqhelanisa neembiza ezincinci kwaye banokuhlala besempilweni iminyaka kunye nezixhobo ezimbalwa.
Iimpawu ezithile ze-cacti
Los Cactus Zinothotho lweempawu ezahlukileyo ezizohlulayo kwezinye izityalo ezifunxayo kunye nezityalo zecrass. Olona phawu lwabo lubonakalisayo lu ubukho bee areolas, amathupha amancinane akhethekileyo ekuphuma kuwo imiqolo (okanye iglochidia), iintyatyambo namasebe. Le nkcukacha ye-anatomical yodwa kwintsapho ICactaceae.
I-Cactus spines yenza imisebenzi emininzi:
- Banciphisa ukuguquka kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi.
- Ayazityhafisa izilwanyana ezitya uhlaza ekubeni zingatyi kwisityalo.
- Zivelisa umthunzi kwaye zikhusela umphezulu wesityalo.
- Kwezinye iimeko, imiqolo emhlophe okanye enoboya ibonisa imitha yelanga, inceda ukulawula ubushushu.
Ngaphaya koko, i-cacti ihlala idubula ngokumangalisayo kwaye ihlala ixesha elide, kunye neentyatyambo ezinkulu, ezibonakala ziphuma ngqo kwii-areoles. Uninzi lwe-cacti luzalelwa eMelika, ngakumbi imimandla eyintlango kunye neyomileyo, nangona kukho iintlobo eziqhelaniswe nemozulu yetropiki kunye nemozulu epholileyo.
Iimpawu ezithile zezityalo ezinencindi
Las izityalo ezimnandi Zibalasele ngokweendlela zazo ezahlukeneyo zokumila kwamagqabi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo. Eyona genera yaziwayo inamagqabi amile okwerozi, angqukuva, okanye alula, kodwa ahlala enokuqina okucacileyo kokugcina amanzi. Ezi zityalo zinokuba ne-cuticle engqindilili, ubunwele, okanye i-waxy coatings ezongeza ukomelela kwazo.
Phakathi kweentsapho ezidumileyo zebhotani sifumana:
- Crassulaceae: iquka i-Echeveria, iCrassula, iSedum kunye neKalanchoe.
- agavaceae: njenge-agave kunye ne-yucca.
- Kwiziko: kunye neentlobo ezininzi zee-succulents zokuhombisa.
- Asphodelaceae: apho iAloe vera igqame khona.
Iintyatyambo kwii-succulents zihlala zihlakaniphile, nangona ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-Echeveria, zinokuvelisa i-inflorescences ephawulekayo kunye neyokuhlobisa kakhulu.
Ukhathalelo olusisiseko lwe-cacti, i-succulents kunye ne-succulents
Ukonwabela i-cacti enempilo kunye nenomtsalane kunye ne-succulents, luluvo olulungileyo ukulandela iingcebiso eziyimfuneko ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zeqela ngalinye:
Unkcenkceshelo
- Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nembalela, ifanelekile Zinkcenkceshele kuphela xa i-substrate yomile ngokupheleleyo.
- Amanzi agqithisileyo ngoyena nobangela wokufa kwe-cacti kunye ne-succulents, njengoko ikhuthaza ukubola kweengcambu.
- Ebusika, nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ukuya kubuncinci, usebenzisa ithuba lokulala leentlobo ezininzi.
Ukukhanya kunye nendawo
- Cactus: Bafuna ukukhanya kwelanga, eyona nto inyamezelayo ekutyhilekeni okunzulu.
- I-Succulents kunye nezinye i-succulents: Bakhetha ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kodwa okungathanga ngqo ukunqanda ukutshisa amagqabi abo acekeceke ngakumbi. Kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, zikhusele ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngexesha lasemini.
Inkqutyana
- Bayafuna i-substrates ekhupha kakhulu Ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, eyona ndlela inconywayo yi-cactus yorhwebo kunye nomxube we-succulent okanye indibaniselwano yomhlaba, isanti, kunye ne-perlite.
- Kwi-cacti, umxholo wesanti kufuneka ube phezulu ngakumbi ukulinganisa iimeko zendalo zasentlango.
Ubushushu kunye nokufuma
- Uninzi luyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo aphezulu kunye neendawo ezomileyo.
- I-Frost sensitive: Iintlobo ezininzi aziyinyamezeli ingqele egqithisileyo, ngoko ebusika kufuneka uzikhusele ukuba zingaphandle.
Ukuchumisa
- Gcoba kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka ngesichumiso esithile se-cacti kunye ne-succulents ngexesha lokukhula kwazo (intwasahlobo-ehlobo).
- Kuphephe ukuchumisa ebusika okanye xa isityalo sithe cwaka.
Ukuzala kunye nokutshintshwa
- Zisasazwa lula ngamagqabi, isiqu, okanye i-sucker cuttings. Ukutshintshelwa kwesityalo kufuneka kwenziwe xa isityalo sigqithise imbiza yaso.
- Nxiba iiglavu xa uphethe i-cacti kwaye uphephe ukonakalisa iingcambu ze-succulents ezinobuthathaka.
Usetyenziso oluphambili lokuhombisa i-cacti, i-succulents kunye ne-succulents
Ukuguquguquka kunye nobuhle beli qela lezityalo kubenza babe zizinto ezibalulekileyo:
- Iigadi ze-Xerophytic kunye namanzi aphantsi, ilungele iindawo ezomileyo kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo.
- Uyilo lwangaphakathi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncinci kunye nokulula apho banokudibaniswa khona kwiimbiza zeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibala.
- Iindonga ezihlala kunye nezitiya ezithe nkqo, njengoko zifuna i-substrates ezinzulu kwaye zilungelelanise ukuxhaswa okungaqhelekanga.
- Iziko eliphakathi, ii-terrariums, kunye namalungiselelo aqhelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na isethingi.
Iimfuno kunye nemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
- Ngaba i-cacti i-succulents okanye i-succulents? Yonke i-cacti i-succulents, njengoko inamandla okugcina amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke i-succulents kunye ne-succulents ziyi-cacti.
- Zingaphi iindidi ezikhoyo? Kukho amawaka eentlobo ezisasazwa kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo. Iqela le-cactus lodwa libandakanya iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-2000, ngelixa iqela le-succulent kunye ne-crass lidlula i-8000 yeentlobo ezaziwayo.
- Ngaba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zingahlalisana kwimbiza enye? Ewe, nje ukuba uqinisekisa i-substrate yokukhupha kakuhle kunye nokuvezwa ngokweemfuno zokukhanya zesityalo ngasinye.
- Ngaba zikhuselekile kwizilwanyana zasekhaya? Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwe-succulents kunye ne-cacti azithandeki kwiikati kunye nezinja, nangona kucetyiswa ukuba uphephe iintlobo ezinobuthi ezifana ne-Euphorbiaceae.
I-Cactus, i-succulents kunye ne-succulents Baloyisile ilizwe legadi kunye nokuhombisa ngenxa yokuqina, ubuhle, kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi, kunye nokukwazi ukongeza iimilo ezizodwa, ukuthungwa kunye nemibala kuyo nayiphi na indawo. Ukwazi umahluko owubonakalisayo ngundoqo ekukhetheni isityalo esifanelekileyo kunye nokusinyamekela ngempumelelo, kukuvumela ukuba wonwabele iigadi ezidlamkileyo nezizinzileyo unyaka wonke.
Ngaba ukulungele ukwenza indawo yakho eluhlaza ngezi ntlobo zinomdla? Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokubakhulisa kunye nokubakhathalela, qiniseka ukuba uphonononga zonke izixhobo zethu kunye neevidiyo.
Ividiyo eCetyisiweyo:
https://youtu.be/BHA06nhMAvw