Icassava idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutyeni nakwinkcubeko yasePeru nakwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Le tuber, esele ikhona kwi IAmazon yasePeru kangangamawaka eminyaka, ibisoloko iyimfuneko ekuzinzeni koluntu lwemveli kwaye isaqhubeka iyinto ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya. Ixabiso layo lezondlo y ilifa lemfuzo ukwenza ukuba ibe ngumthombo wendalo obaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe, ukhuseleko nokusetyenziswa kwawo kuya kumisela ikamva lezolimo nesondlo kwiingingqi ezininzi.
Uphando lwakutsha nje, oluqhutywa yi UMphathiswa wezeNdalo yasePeru (MINAM) kunye nePeruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP), baye basivumela ukuba sifumane ulwazi olunzulu lwe iyantlukwano kunye nemo yolondolozo kwesi sityalo. Iingcali ziye zahlalutya zombini zasekhaya kunye iintlobo zasendle, ukugqamisa indima ebalulekileyo yecassava kwinkcubeko yendawo kunye nezicwangciso zokujongana nemingeni efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye ukungondleki.
Uphononongo ngeyantlukwano kunye nolondolozo lwecassava
Phakathi kuka-2019 no-2021, iqela leengcaphephe lenze uphando olunzulu Imimandla eli-15 Peruvian, kuquka Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cusco, Huánuco, JunÃn, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San MartÃn, Tumbes and Ucayali. Kulo msebenzi wezandla, 188 iisampulu amagqabi ecassava kunye neentyatyambo, ezigcinwe ngoku kwiibhanki ze-germplasm ukuze zikhuseleke kwaye zifunde ixesha elide.
Ingxelo enesihloko esithi "Isiseko seyantlukwano yecassava yasePeru ngeenjongo zokhuseleko lwendalo" ibandakanya inxaxheba engaphezulu kwe Amafama angama-500, abafake isandla kulwazi lweminyanya ngokulima, ukulawula, neendlela zokulondoloza. Olu papasho luxhasa ukubaluleka kokukhuthaza a ulimo oluzinzileyo oluncinci, ihambelana ne ukumiswa kwezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza isebenza kude kube ngu-2035, ukugcina imithombo yendalo yendalo.
Ngokutsho kweengcali, i-cassava yasekhaya yasePeru ihambelana kakhulu neentlobo manihot esculenta. Ukongeza, ezinye iintlobo zasendle ziye zachongwa ezifana Manihot brachyloba, Peruvian Manihot, I-Anomal Manihot subsp. Pavonian y Manihot leptophylla, ezinexabiso leekholoji kunye, kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu zonyango ezivunyiweyo luluntu lwemveli.
Oku kwantlukwano kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe iintlobo ezixhathisayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa ngcono kwiimeko zemozulu eziguqukayo, ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kokutya unyaka wonke ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kulimo olukhulu.
Ukubaluleka kwesondlo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokupheka
Icassava ayiyomveliso yezolimo nje; yi ukutya okusisiseko kunye nezinto ezininzi kwiintsapho ezininzi. Kwiindidi ezimalunga ne-150 ezichongiweyo ePeru, ezimalunga neshumi zihlala zityiwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni eAmazon. Le tuber igqame kakhulu ngenxa yayo eziphezulu kwiicarbohydrates, iivithamini A, B6, C, kunye neeminerali ezifana intsimbi, okuyimfuneko ukulwa ne i-anemia kunye nezinye iingxaki zesondlo.
Ayisiyiyo kuphela ingcambu edliwayo: amagqabi e-cassava nawo abonelela ngesixa esibalulekileyo intsimbi kunye neprotheni, yingakho kwezinye iindawo kuthathwa njenge "isipinashi sase-Amazonian." Kwihlabathi lokupheka, i-cassava inokulungiswa ngeendlela ezininzi: ibilisiwe, eqhotsiweyo, njenge-snack batter, kwi-broths, nakwiziselo ezihlaziyayo, ngaloo ndlela ibe yinxalenye yobutyebi be-Peruvia cuisine.
Ukusetyenziswa kwecassava kubaluleke kakhulu abantu abanegluten ukunganyamezeli, ekubeni ingenayo le proteni. Yindlela ekhuselekileyo kunye nesondlo kwizigulana ze-celiac kunye nabo bafuna ukuguqula ukutya kwabo. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho beekhompawundi ezifana ne-saponins kunika iipropathi ze-antioxidant kunye ne-astringent, luncedo kwiimeko zeengxaki ezincinci zokugaya.
Ukulima, ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nezilumkiso
Enye yezona nkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ezivezwe ziingcali yi ixesha lakudala lokulinywa kwecassava, esusela emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-9.000 XNUMX kummandla weAmazon, isasazeka ukusuka ePeru ukuya eBrazil yaye kamva kumazwekazi afana neAfrika. Kule mimandla, icassava iye yazibonakalisa njengenye yezinto ezityiwa kakhulu.
Inkqubo yophando yasivumela ukuba sichonge Ziyi-237 izithili Kumaphondo angama-58 ePeruvia apho le bhubhu ilinywa okanye izalana neentlobo zasendle ezikhula. Kuluntu oluninzi lwaseAmazonia, icassava imela into eyiyo itapile kwiiAndes: isiseko sokutya kunye nophawu lwenkcubeko.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-cassava iqulethe i-hydrocyanic acid, ikhompawundi enetyhefu ekhutshwa kuphela xa ukutya kuphekiwe okanye kubilisiwe. Ukuyitya ikrwada kunokuba yingozi, ngoko ke a ukulungiselela kakuhle phambi kokuba uyifake kuyo nayiphi na iresiphi. Lo mba ubalulekile ekutyeni kwabantu kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana.
Ikamva lokulinywa kwecassava ePeru kuxhomekeke kwi ukhuselo lweyantlukwano yemfuza yayo, ukusasazwa kolwazi lwezinyanya zamafama, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuzinzileyo. Icassava iza kuqhubeka isisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokutya nenkcubeko kweli lizwe nangaphaya kwemida yalo.
Icassava yasePeru ingaphezulu kokutya: iyinxalenye yembali yesizwe kunye nesazisi, uphawu lokwahluka, kunye nomzekelo wokomelela kwezolimo. Ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kunye nokomeleza ulwazi lwemveli kuya kuba negalelo kwikamva elikhuselekileyo nelinempilo, kwimeko apho imingeni yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokukhuselwa kokutya kukhula ngokukhawuleza.
