Izityalo ze-saline, i-alkaline kunye nomhlaba onzima
Khetha i izityalo ezilungele umhlaba we-saline kunye ne-alkaline Ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yezitiya, imiyezo, kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba ephantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Kwimozulu eyomileyo, iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni, okanye apho ukunkcenkceshelwa nokukhupha amanzi kungakhange kube ncam, ityuwa kunye nealkalinity ziyanciphisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izityalo ezininzi ezikwaziyo ukuchuma kunye nokuphucula ubuhle bezi ndawo.
Kutheni eminye imihlaba isiba yityuwa okanye ialkaline?
Los imihlaba enetyuwa Banomlinganiselo ophezulu weetyuwa ezinyibilikayo (i-chlorides, i-sulfates, i-carbonates), eyenza kube nzima ukuba iingcambu zithathe amanzi kwaye zingabangela uxinzelelo lwamanzi. Le meko inciphisa i ukuchuma komhlaba, inciphisa iindidi zezityalo kwaye ibangele ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo ngokufanayo.
La ialkalinity emhlabeni kudla ngokubangelwa kubukho bekhabhonathi kunye nebicarbonates zesodium, icalcium kunye nemagnesium, enyusa izinga le-sodium, i-calcium ne-magnesium. pH kunye nokunciphisa ukufumaneka kwezondlo eziyimfuneko (ezifana ne-iron, i-zinc, kunye ne-manganese). Imvula ephantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamanzi anetyuwa okunkcenkceshela kunegalelo kule ngxaki, ingakumbi kwimimandla enemvula encinane.
Izityalo ezicetyiswayo ze-saline kunye nomhlaba we-alkaline
Ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zibonwa ngokunyamezela kwazo okuphezulu kwityuwa kunye ne-alkalinity. Olu luhlu lwahlulahlulwe lwaziindidi ezininzi, ukuhlula imithi, izihlahla, iintende, abakhweli, isetyu, herbaceous kunye nokhetho oluthile lwemihlaba etyebileyo yegypsum.
Imithi
- Acacia spp. – Zonke iintlobo ze-acacia zinyamezela iimeko ze-saline kunye ne-alkaline.
- Ialeppo pine (UPinus halepensis) - Ilungele iindawo ezomileyo kunye negypsum.
- Olivo (I-Olea europaea) – Ixhathisa kwaye inemveliso kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo okanye enebraki.
- Umjube (UZiziphus jujuba) – Ifanelekile kwimihlaba enamanqanaba aphezulu etyuwa.
- Icypress eqhelekileyo (ICompressus sempervirens)
- Arbutus (IArbutus unedo)
- Umthi oki Holm (I-Quercus ilex subsp Ivoti) – Rhoqo kwiindawo ezinecalcareous kunye nomhlaba wegypsum.
- Ipoplar emhlophe (populus alba)
- Lagunaria (ILagunaria patersonii)
- ipine yamatye (IPinus pinea)
- Irharnati (IPunica granatum)
- Umthi weCarob (ICeratonia siliqua)
Iiplanga
- UPalmito (Chamaerops uthobekile)
- Umthi wesundu waseCanarian (IPhoenix canariensis)
- IWashingtonia (IWashingtonia filifera, W. eyomeleleyo)
- butia capitata
- Umhla wesundu (IPhoenix dactylifera)
Amatyholo aqinileyo kunye namatyholo
- UOleander (I-oeriander yaseNerium) -Iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye ihombise.
- UDurillo (Viburnum tinus)
- Mastic (IPistacia lentiscus)
- I-Rockrose (Cistus spp.)
- Teucrio (AmaTyucrium fruticans)
- romero (I-Rosmarinus officinalis)
- IGorse (I-Retama spp., Ijunceum ekhethekileyo) – Balungisa initrogen kwaye baxhathise imbalela.
- I-asparagus yasendle (Iasparagus acutifolius)
- lavender (Lavandula spp.)
- Umtshayelo (Umtshayelo sphaerocarpa)
- UHeather (Erica spp., ICalluna vulgaris)
- Imimirtile (Imyrtus communis)
- Ityuwa (I-Atriplex halimus)
- I-Chasteberry (IVitex agnus-castus)
- Torvisco (UDaphne gnidium)
Abakhweli kunye nezigqubuthelo zomhlaba
- IBougainvillea (Bougainvillea spp.)
- ivy eqhelekileyo (IHedera helix)
- Honeysuckle (ILonicera japonica)
- Iintyatyambo (I-Pasiflora caerulea)
I-Cacti kunye ne-succulents kwiindawo ezinetyuwa
- Kalanchoe
- Ikhala
- IiAgaves
- ISedum
- IiLithops
- Euphorbia
Izityalo ezikhula rhoqo kunye nokunyamezela
- I-Achillea millefolium – Yarrow
- Ifescue glauca
- Gazania spp.
- ICineraria maritima
- UDianthus caryophyllus – Carnation
- Izixhobo zolwandle
- Stachys lanata – Indlebe kaHare
- Thyme (I-Thymus vulgaris)
- Asphodelus albus/ramosus – Igammon emhlophe kunye namasebe, ifanelekile kwisaline, igypsum okanye imihlaba enamatye.
Izityalo zegypsum okanye umhlaba wegypsum
- Umnquma wasendle (Olea sylvestris)
- Ialeppo pine
- Isihogo (URhamnus alaternus)
- eCornicabra (IPistacia terebinthus)
- Ephedras (Ephedra spp.)
- I-Orzaga okanye ityuwa emhlophe (I-Atriplex halimus)
- I-gamon emhlophe (I-Asphodelus albus)
- Umtshayelo oqhelekileyo (Umtshayelo sphaerocarpa)
- Irosebush yasendle (i-canine rose)
Indlela yokuchonga nokuphucula imihlaba enetyuwa kunye nealkaline
Indlela elula yokuqonda umhlaba onetyuwa Egadini, kuthetha ukujonga iimpawu kwizityalo ezibuthathaka, ezinjengokutshintsha kombala okanye ukukhula okudodobala. Umzekelo, ukuba iimbotyi zityaliwe kwaye amagqabi azo ajike abe mfusa endaweni yoluhlaza, oku kubonisa ukuba netyuwa eninzi. Iindawo ezineeflorescence emhlophe okanye uqweqwe kumphezulu womhlaba nazo zihlala zibonisa imihlaba enetyuwa.
El pH Kubalulekile ukumisela i-alkalinity. Umhlaba one-pH engaphezulu kwe-7,5 ngokucacileyo u-alkaline kwaye udla ngokuba ne-lime ebalulekileyo okanye umxholo we-gypsum, ochaphazela ukufumaneka kwe-iron kunye nezinye izondlo.
- Ukulungisa ubutyuwa, ukuhlanjwa okuninzi ngamanzi asemgangathweni kunokwenziwa kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okwaneleyo kunokuqinisekiswa.
- Igalelo lezinto eziphilayo zinceda ukuphucula zombini iimeko.
- Ukusetyenziswa udaka lwezolimo (kwimihlaba ene-sodic) kunye nesulfure (kwimihlaba ene-alkaline kakhulu) ixhaphakile.
Izicwangciso ezizinzileyo kunye ne-bioremediation
Ukusetyenziswa izityalo ze halophyte kunye nezityalo zokugquma ezifana nezityalo ezinemidumba azincedi nje ukunciphisa ubutyhefu bomhlaba, kodwa zikwaphucula ubume bomhlaba kunye nokuchuma ngokwandisa izinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhuthaza umsebenzi we-microbial, kubandakanywa ukungunda kwe-mycorrhizal kunye neebhaktheriya eziluncedo.
Iimveliso ezifana iimbungu ezingamanzi Ziyandisa i-biodiversity ye-microbial, inceda ukulawula ityuwa kunye ne-alkalinity, kwaye iphucula ukuthatyathwa kwezondlo zizityalo, ukuphucula kakhulu impilo yomhlaba kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide. Ezi zichumisi, zizityebi kwii-microorganisms ezincedo, zomeleza i-ecosystem kwaye zikhusele izifo ngokukhuthaza ukulinganisela kwe-microbial labantu kwi-rhizosphere.
Ukukhetha kwe iintlobo ezilungelelanisiweyo, kunye neendlela ze-agronomic ezifana nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo, ukuhlwayelwa ngokuthe ngqo, izilungiso zeminerali kunye nesichumisi se-organic, ivumela ukudala iindawo eziluhlaza ezivelisayo nakwimihlaba enobutshaba ekuqaleni.
Ukulungelelanisa uyilo lweepaki kunye neegadi ngokwemiqathango ye umhlaba we-saline kunye ne-alkaline Yenza ukuba zichache kwaye ikhuthaze ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana, ithintele ukuthotywa kwaye ivelise imbonakalo yomhlaba ekwaziyo ukumelana nangakumbi, echumileyo nezinzileyo.
