La ukuchumisa kwimithi yeziqhamo Ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umlimi ofuna ukuvelisa ngakumbi nangakumbi, ngaphandle kokuchitha amanzi okanye izichumisi. Kunokuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo, yindlela lawula ukunkcenkceshela kunye nesondlo kakuhle, phantse "ngokufunwayo", ulungisa oko umthi ufumanayo ngalo lonke ixesha lomjikelo wawo.
Xa inkqubo iyilwe kakuhle, izichumisi zikhethwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye cwangcisa ukunkcenkceshela kwakho ngobulumko, la Ukuchumisa kuvumela ukwanda kwesivunoOku kuphucula ubungakanani besiqhamo, umbala, kunye nokuqina kwangaxeshanye kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kwenziwe ngendlela engalunganga (ukuhluzwa kakubi, umxube ongahambelaniyo, iidrippers ezingabekwanga kakuhle, njl.njl.), iingxaki ziyavela ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, kufanelekile ukuphonononga ngononophelo zonke iingongoma eziphambili.
Ukukhethwa kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokufunxa
IProjekthi ye ukuchumisa imithi yeziqhamo Qala ngokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo: ixabiso lokuthenga alibalulekanga nje kuphela, kodwa libalulekile nobomi balo, ulondolozo oluya kulufuna, nokuba lufanelekile na kuhlobo lwamanzi, umhlaba, kunye nezityalo onazo. ukunkcenkceshela ngokuthontsiza okufanelekileyo Kwaye ikhuselwe, ithintela ukuvaleka, isasaze amanzi ngokulinganayo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba izondlo zifikelela apho kufuneka ziye khona: kwindawo yeengcambu ezisebenzayo.
Ukuvuza: umgca wokuqala wokhuselo lwenkqubo
La ukuhluzwa kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela Eli lelona nqaku libalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngamanzi. Nokuba amanzi abonakala ecocekile, ahlala ephethe isanti ecolekileyo, i-silt, izinto eziphilayo, okanye iiminerali ezithi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zigqibe ekubeni zivale ii-emitters. Izihluzi ze-Disc (okanye i-ring) zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiigadi zeziqhamo kuba zigcina amasuntswana amancinci kakuhle kwaye zigcina isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi sizinzile.
Zingasetyenziswa kwiifama ezincinci i-mesh okanye izihluzi ezenziwe ngesandlaEzi zibiza kancinci kodwa zifuna ukucocwa rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukwehla koxinzelelo. Kwiifama eziphakathi nezinkulu, kufanelekile ukutshintshela kwiifilitha ezizihlambululayo ngokuzenzekelayo, ezizihlambulula xa zibona ukwehla koxinzelelo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla ngelixa zigcina umgangatho wokucoca.
Okona kulungileyo, kufuneka ubuncinci udibanise izigaba ezimbini zokucocaInqanaba lokuqala lokuhluza (i-cyclone, i-hydrocyclone, okanye isihluzi sesanti) libamba amasuntswana arhabaxa kunye nesanti, kulandele inqanaba lesibini elinesihluzi sediski okanye se-fine mesh kwiintsalela ezincinci. Umgangatho wokuhluza uhlala ulungelelaniswa nomgangatho wamanzi wokwenyani kunye nobubanzi bee-emitters eziza kusetyenziswa.
Iivalvu, ulawulo loxinzelelo kunye nokhuseleko
Ukuze le ndawo ilawuleke, le ndawo yahlulwe ngokwezigaba amacandelo okanye iibhloko zokunkcenkceshelaNganye ilawulwa yivalvu ezimeleyo. Entloko yenkqubo, kufuneka kufakwe isilawuli soxinzelelo ukugcina uxinzelelo olusebenzayo oluzinzileyo (ngesiqhelo phakathi kwebha enye neyesibini kwi-drip irrigation), kunye neegeyiji zoxinzelelo ezibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kubonwe ukwehla koxinzelelo okunokubonisa ukuvuza okanye ukuvaleka.
Ukongeza kulawulo loxinzelelo, kubalulekile ukufaka iivalvu zomoya kunye neevalvu zokukhupha umoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo nezisezantsi zenethiwekhi. Ezi zinto zinceda ekucoceni umoya, zithintele ihamile yamanzi, kwaye zinciphise ukuxinana kwamanzi kwiimpompo, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi bazo. Kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, icandelo ngalinye lidla ngokuba nevalvu yesolenoid eqhagamshelwe kwiprogramu ephakathi okanye kumlawuli.
Into enye engenakuze iphoswe yile iivalvu ezingabuyiyo kumgca wokujova umsebenzi wayo kukuthintela ukubuyela kwesisombululo sezondlo emthonjeni, edamini okanye kwinethiwekhi ngokubanzi, ukuthintela ukungcoliswa zizichumisi okanye iiasidi.
Ii-emitters kunye nokubekwa kwee-drippers phantsi kwemithi yeziqhamo
Ukukhethwa kwee-emitters kusekelwe kwisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esifunekayo kumthi ngamnye, uhlobo lomhlaba, ubude bemigca, kunye nomthambeka womhlaba. Kwimithi yeziqhamo ephakathi okanye emikhulu, kuqhelekile ukubeka iidrippers ezininzi ze-4 L/h kwisityalo ngasinyeisasazwe kwisangqa phantsi kwekhava, ukuze ibhalbhu emanzi igubungele kakuhle indawo apho iingcambu ezincinci zikhoyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukubeka isichumiso emgceni Kwenza umahluko ekufunxeni nasekusebenzeni kakuhle.
Kwimihlaba enemiqolomba emide okanye amasebe amade kakhulu, kucetyiswa kakhulu oku kulandelayo: Abaqhubi abaziqhubayoLe mibhobho iyakwazi ukugcina isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esifanayo nokuba uxinzelelo luyahluka ecaleni kombhobho. Olu phawu lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imithi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni komgca ifumana amanzi kunye nezondlo ezifanayo.
Kwimihlaba enesihlabathi okanye kwimithi yeziqhamo engenaziingcambu zingako, njengeeblueberries, iirasbheri okanye iiblackberries, kungcono ukubeka ii-emitters ezikude kancinci kwisiquphakathi kwama-20 nama-30 cm, kwaye kancinci kancinci uzikhuphele ngaphandle njengoko ububanzi bomphezulu wekhanopu bukhula. Ngale ndlela, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa kufakwa ngqo apho kukho iingcambu ezifunxa kakhulu, kuthintelwe ukudibana ngqo nesiqu kwaye kuncitshiswe iingxaki zesifo.
Iimpompo zesichumisi kunye ne-injection
Ukuze yonke inkqubo isebenze ngokuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bepompo yokunkcenkceshelaNokuba zifakwe emanzini okanye zifakwe phezu komhlaba, kuyimfuneko ukubala isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi esifunekayo (isimbuku samacandelo onke anokunkcenkceshelwa ngaxeshanye) kunye noxinzelelo olufunekayo ukoyisa ilahleko zoxinzelelo kwimibhobho, izihluzi, kunye nezixhobo. Iimpompo ze-centrifugal zezona zixhaphakileyo, kwaye xa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luvuma, zihlala zidityaniswa ne-variable frequency drive (VFD) ephucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokulungelelanisa isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kwimfuno yokwenyani.
Ngokuphathelele ukufakwa kwesichumiso, xa kufakwa isichumiso, zisetyenziswa kakhulu Iimpompo zokuxuba zeVenturi kunye needosiIi-Venturi injectors zisebenzisa umahluko woxinzelelo kwicandelo elincinci lombhobho ukuze zitsale isichumiso etankini; zilula, azibizi mali ingako, kwaye ziqinile, nangona zincinci xa kufuneka ukuchaneka okuphezulu okanye iidosi eziphezulu. iimpompo zokulinganisa Ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhetha kwiindawo zobuchwephesha apho kulawulwa khona iitanki ezininzi zezondlo.
Las iimpompo zokulinganisa i-diaphragm okanye i-piston Ezi ntloko zepompo eziphambili zivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kakhulu lwedosi, zinokucwangciswa ukuba zifake izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zesitokhwe, kwaye ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhetha kwiifektri zobungcali ezilawula iitanki ezininzi zezondlo (i-calcium nitrate, ii-phosphates, i-potassium, ii-micronutrients, ii-asidi, njl.njl.). Zikwabandakanya iinkqubo zokuvuselela iitanki kunye nomlinganiselo we-pH kunye nombane (EC) kwi-intanethi.
Ulawulo lwezolimo lwamanzi kunye nezondlo kwimithi yeziqhamo
Impumelelo ye Ukuchumisa kwimithi yeziqhamo yepome, ilitye okanye iqunube Kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wezixhobo kunye necebo lokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa. Ukufaka nje "into encinci" unyaka wonke akwanelanga: ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kulungiswe ngokweemfuno zokwenyani zesityalo, uhlobo lomhlaba, kunye nemozulu, kusetyenziswa idatha echanekileyo (uhlalutyo, izinzwa, ibhalansi yamanzi) kunye nokuphonononga ishedyuli njengoko ixesha lonyaka liqhubeka.
Iimfuno zamanzi kunye nocwangciso lokunkcenkceshela
Isiseko sokuchaza ukunkcenkceshela ukufuthwa kwezityalo nge-evapotranspiration (ETc)Oko kukuthi, amanzi alahlekayo ngumhlaba nesityalo ngenxa yokufuma kunye nokuphefumla. Kubalwa ngokwereferensi ye-evapotranspiration (ET0) kunye ne-crop coefficient (Kc) ekhethekileyo kwintlobo nganye kunye nesigaba se-phenological. Oku kufuneka kongezwe amandla okugcina amanzi omhlaba, okusixelela ukuba iprofayili yengcambu inokugcina amanzi angakanani na.
Iiberry, ingakumbi iiblueberries, zineengcambu ezinzulu kwaye zinobuthathaka kakhulu kuxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi. Kwezi meko, kucetyiswa ukuba umhlaba uhlale unamandla okunkcenkceshela. -10 kPaNgokwenyani, oku kuthetha ukunkcenkceshela okufutshane, rhoqo okugcina i-40-60 cm yokuqala imanzi, ngaphandle kokugcwala iimbobo.
Inkxaso ye iiprobe zomswakama, ii-tensiometers okanye ii-capacitive sensors Iluncedo kakhulu ekulungiseni amaxesha kunye nobude bokunkcenkceshela. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba xa ukunkcenkceshela kusekelwe kulwazi lokwenyani lomhlaba kunokuba "kungeyonto eqhelekileyo," ukonga amanzi okumalunga ne-40% kunokufezekiswa ngaphandle kokunciphisa imveliso yeziqhamo okanye umgangatho.
Ibhalansi yesondlo kunye neendlela zokukhupha
I-Fertigation ijolise ekuboneleleni ngezondlo ngendlela... yaqhekeka kulo lonke umjikeloNgokulandela i-absorption curve ethile kwisityalo ngasinye. Kwiiblueberries, umzekelo, iimfuno zenitrogen zigxininiswa entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, kunye needosi zonyaka ezihlala ziphakathi kwama-60 kunye nama-150 kg N/ha, kuxhomekeke kwimveliso kunye nokuchuma komhlaba.
Lo mthi weziqhamo uphathwa kakuhle xa imithombo ye-ammonia ye-nitrogen (njengaye i-ammonium sulfate) ekuqaleni kokuhluma kwamahlumela. Njengoko isiqhamo siqala ukuvela kwaye sisondela ekuzaliseni, ukunikezelwa kwe-nitrogen enyibilikayo kuyancitshiswa kwaye potaziyamuOku kubalulekile ukuze kufikelelwe kubungakanani obuhle, umxholo weswekile, kunye nokuqina. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukunciphisa phantse ngokupheleleyo i-nitrogen kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho emva kokuvunwa.
Kwiindawo ezisakhulayo okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, ukuzala kudla ngokudityaniswa ababhalisile abakwikhava Ekupheleni kwexesha lasebusika lokungalali, galela malunga ne-30-40 kg/ha ye-N kunye ne-P ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunamandla. Emva kokuvuna, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukondla ngesondlo. initrogen kunye ne-potassium (20-30 kg/ha nganye) ukuze kuzaliseke ukutya okugciniweyo kwaye kulungiselelwe umthi kumjikelo olandelayo.
Kuzo zonke iimeko kubalulekile ukuxhasa isicwangciso somrhumi Uhlalutyo lomhlaba namagqabi rhoqoOlu hlalutyo luvumela ukulungiswa kweedosi, ukubona ukusilela okufihlakeleyo okanye ukugqithisa kwezinto ezithile, kunye nokulungisa imixube yesichumiso esetyenziswa kwintloko yokunkcenkceshela.
Ukuchumisa kwimozulu yeMeditera
Iindawo ze Imozulu yeMeditera Zibonisa indlela ethile ekhethekileyo: ihlobo elishushu nelomileyo, ubusika obuthambileyo, obunemvula, kunye nemithombo eguquguqukayo kunye nokwindla. Olu hlobo lonyaka lufuna ukuba kuhlengahlengiswe iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa ukuze kusetyenziswe amanzi emvula kakhulu kwaye kuncitshiswe ilahleko ngenxa yokutsalwa kwamanzi.
Uhlengahlengiso lwexesha lokunkcenkceshela
Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, imfuno yamanzi iphezulu kakhulu, ibangelwa yimitha yelanga ephezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ngeli xesha, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuthintela umhlaba ukuba ungagcwali. uxinzelelo lwamanzi phakathi kokunkcenkceshelaukulungisa ixesha lokufaka amanzi ukuze lihambelane nesantya sokungena komhlaba ukuze kuthintelwe ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Ekwindla nasebusika, imvula inokwanelisa uninzi lweemfuno zamanzi. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukuqikelela imvula eluncedo (ukusebenzisa iigeyiji zemvula kunye nokulinganisela kwamanzi) ukunciphisa igalelo lokunkcenkceshela. Ukugcina ukunkcenkceshela kuqhubeka xa umhlaba sele ugcwele kukhuthaza ukuvuza kwezondlo kwaye kubonisa inkcitho engeyomfuneko yamanzi kunye namandla.
Umngcipheko wokutsalwa kwezakhamzimba
Ngamaxesha emvula enkulu, ingakumbi kumhlaba okhanyayo okanye otyebileyo, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-potassium ukuya kumaleko anzulu. Ukunciphisa le ngxaki, kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlulwe ukusetyenziswa, kuthintelwe ukusebenzisa iidosi ezinkulu zezichumisi ezinyibilikayo kakhulu ngaphambi nje kokuba kubekho isiphepho, kwaye kugxilwe uninzi lwezondlo kwiinyanga ezomileyo, apho isityalo sinokuzifunxa.
Ulawulo olukrelekrele ludibanisa ulwazi lwemozulu, idatha yokufuma komhlaba, kunye nohlalutyo lwezicatshulwa ezigcweleyo okanye isisombululo somhlaba ukuze kwenziwe izigqibo nini kwaye ingakanani i-fertilizer ekufuneka ifakweOku kufezekisa ukunkcenkceshela okusebenzayo kwiimeko zemozulu zaseMeditera, kwandisa amanzi asetyenziswa sisityalo kwaye kunciphisa ilahleko ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi okanye ukuntywila okunzulu.
Iitekhnoloji zangoku kunye nokufakelwa ngokulinganayo
Inkqubela phambili kwiminyaka yakutshanje iguqule iintloko ezininzi zokunkcenkceshela zaba yinyani amaziko olawulo lokuchumisaNamhlanje kunokwenzeka ukulawula amacandelo amaninzi, iitanki ezininzi zezichumiso, itanki ye-asidi, iimpompo, izihluzi ezizenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa i-pH kunye ne-EC ezivela kumlawuli omnye, zonke zinokucwangciswa ngexesha, umthamo okanye ngokusekelwe kwiisensa kunye nedatha yemozulu.
Izilawuli ezizenzekelayo, izinzwa kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngobuchule
Abalawuli banamhlanje bakuvumela ukuba uchaze iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela eziguquguqukayo kakhuluUkunkcenkceshela kunokucwangciswa ngokomzuzu, ngokwemitha yetyhubhu esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye kunokwenziwa xa umswakama womhlaba uwela ngaphantsi komda othile okanye ngokusekelwe kwimitha yelanga eqokelelweyo. Ezinye iinkqubo ziquka ii-alamu, iirekhodi zembali, uqhagamshelo lwePC okanye lweGSM, kwaye zinokujongwa kwisixhobo esiphathwayo.
Oku kukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwe izixhobo zokuvavanya umhlaba kunye nesimo sezulu Iqhagamshelwe kwiiplatfomu ze-IoT, ii-volumetric probes, ii-tensiometers, kunye nee-EC sensors zesisombululo somhlaba zijonga ngexesha langempela ukuba mangaphi amanzi aseleyo kwindawo yeengcambu, zithintela imbalela kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi ixesha elide. Idatha yemozulu (ubushushu, umoya, imitha, i-ET0) idityanisiwe ukuze ilungelelanise ishedyuli phantse ngephanyazo.
Ukulawulwa kokuchumisa ngokulinganiselayo yi-EC kunye ne-pH
Umnxeba ukuvuthwa okulinganayo Ihamba inyathelo elingaphezulu kwaye ilungisa idosi yesichumiso ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanzi okunkcenkceshela ahamba ngepayipi. Ngokwenyani, ii-injectors okanye iimpompo ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukufunxa kwiitanki ezahlukeneyo zesisombululo sesitokhwe (umzekelo, izinto ezinyibilikayo zeTecnoplus okanye izichumisi ezingamanzi ezifana neFertigota), kwaye inkqubo ibala ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba ingakanani na ekufuneka ifunxe ngalo naliphi na ixesha.
Kolu hlobo lolawulo, akusekho mfuneko yokutshintsha isichumiso kwinqanaba ngalinye lesityalo; okwenziwayo kukuba lungisa ipesenti yokujova yetanki nganye kunye nexabiso lokuqhuba umbane ekujoliswe kulo. Umlimi ubeka i-EC ekujoliswe kuyo yamanzi achunyisiweyo, eya kuba sisiphumo se-EC samanzi okunkcenkceshela ngokwawo kunye nalawo anikezelwa sisichumisi, kwaye izixhobo zilungisa idosi ngexesha langempela.
I-pH ilungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo yi- umlawuli we-pH one-asidi yokugcina amanziinjector kunye neprobe. Ukugcina i-pH yamanzi ikwinqanaba elimalunga ne-5,5-6,6 kuphucula ukunyibilika kwezakhamzimba ezininzi kwaye kuthintela ukuna kwemvula kwimibhobho kunye needrippers, kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunxwa ziingcambu.
Iintlobo zezichumisi zokuchumisa kunye nemixube
Kwi-fertigation, ingqwalasela ephambili ikwi izichumisi ze-NPK ezinyibilikayoEzi zichumisi zisekelwe kwi-nitrogen (N), i-phosphorus (P), kunye ne-potassium (K), kwaye zinokubandakanya i-calcium, i-magnesium, kunye ne-micronutrients. Ziqheleke kakhulu ekuqaleni komjikelo wezityalo okanye ngexesha lokukhula okuphezulu, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo zibonelela ngeentlobo ezithile zemithi yeziqhamo, i-citrus, i-olive groves, kunye nemifuno. Umzekelo wefomyula ye-NPK yorhwebo eyenzelwe ukuchumisa ngu... Nitrophoska.
Izichumisi eziqinileyo zekristale kunye nezimanzi
Los izichumisi eziqinileyo ezinyibilikayo okanye ezikristali Zinyibilikiswa kwizikhongozeli ukulungiselela izisombululo zesitokhwe ezixineneyo. Zihlala ziboniswa njengeefomyula ezimbini (ezinezondlo ezimbini) okanye njengezisombululo ze-NPK ezipheleleyo, ezidla ngokutyetyiswa zi-micronutrients ukugubungela ukusilela okuphambili. Kukho iintlobo ezingena-chloride, iintlobo ezine-calcium, i-magnesium, okanye i-nitrogen ekhutshwa kancinci.
Los izichumisi ezingamanzi Zenziwe sele zixutyiwe, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukulungiselela izisombululo zesitokhwe kwaye ikhawulezise umsebenzi kwintloko yokulawula. Zingaba yi-binary okanye i-NPK epheleleyo kwaye, njengeziqinileyo, zikhethwa ngokweemfuno zesityalo, umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuhambelana nezinye iimveliso.
Ukuhambelana, i-pH kunye nomgangatho wamanzi
Xa kuxutywa izichumisi ezahlukeneyo kwiitanki, kufuneka kuqatshelwe nge iimpendulo ezingafunekiyo zefiziksiIzinto ezinje ngokuba lukhuni kwamanzi, umxholo we-bicarbonate, i-pH, ubushushu, okanye ukwakheka kwezichumisi ngokwazo zinokubangela ukurhawuzelela okuya kuvala izihluzi kunye needripper.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukuxuba kwi-tank enye i-calcium nitrate ene-sulfates okanye ii-phosphatesI-calcium iyasabela kwaye yenze iityuwa ezinganyibilikiyo kakuhle ezihlala ezantsi okanye ngaphakathi kwimibhobho. Isisombululo siquka ukwahlula ezi mveliso zibe ngamatanki ahlukeneyo kunye nokuzifaka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela, okanye ukusebenzisa iifomyula ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba zihambelane.
Ukuze ulungelelanise umthamo, kukulungele ukulungiselela isixa esincinci sesisombululo sezakhamzimba kunye Jonga i-EC kunye ne-pH ngemitha elinganisiweyo. Ngale ndlela, siqinisekisa ukuba oko sikubalileyo ephepheni kuyahambelana nenyani kwaye singalungisa iidosi ngaphambi kokongeza umxube kwinkqubo yonke.
Iingenelo zokuchumisa izityalo kunye nokuzinza kwazo
Xa iyilwe kwaye ilawulwa kakuhle, ukuchumisa kwimithi yeziqhamo Inika iingenelo ezicacileyo ngaphezu kokuchumisa okusisiseko okanye okungaphezulu kwesityalo. Inzuzo ephambili kukukwazi ukunika umthi kanye oko ukufunayo, xa ukudinga, ukuphepha ukugqithisa kunye nokusilela, kunye nokusebenzisa amanzi kunye nezichumisi ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ngokufaka izondlo ngokunkcenkceshela, Ukusasazwa kwebali kufana kakhulu.Iindawo ezichunyiswe kakhulu nezingenazo izondlo ziyanyamalala, kwaye ukhuphiswano lokhula luyancitshiswa kuba ukuchumisa kugxilwe kumgca womthi kunokuba kugqume umphezulu wonke. Oku kukwaphucula ukufunxwa kwezondlo, njengoko indawo emanzi ejikeleze i-emitter nganye igxininisa iingcambu ezincinci ezisebenzayo.
Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, ukufakelwa kwe-fertigation kunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwee-nitrate kunye nezinye ii-ion Ngokujolisa kwiingqimba ezinzulu kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokufunxwa kwamanzi amaninzi kwaye kunciphisa ukutyiwa kwetyuwa emhlabeni ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwiindawo ezomileyo nezingenamanzi amaninzi, apho amanzi esisixhobo esibalulekileyo, ezi nkqubo zinokubangela ukonga okukhulu kumthamo osetyenzisiweyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno.
Ukulungiselela ebusika kunye nokuchumisa imiqolo kwizityalo ezinemithi
Ixesha lokulala ebusika lithuba elihle kakhulu Lungisa imithi yeziqhamo kunye nenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela sijonge phambili kwixesha elizayo lonyaka. Nangona umthi "ulele" ngaphezu komhlaba, iinkqubo ziyaqhubeka zenzeka phantsi komhlaba, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungiselele yonke into ngaphambi kokuba kuqhambuke amahlumela.
Ukuthena, uhlalutyo lomhlaba kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo
Ukuthena izihlahla ebusika ukuze kuqeqeshwe kwaye kucocwe kuvumela susa amasebe omileyo okanye anesifoOku kuphucula ulwakhiwo lwekhanopu kwaye kwenza kube lula ukungena kokukhanya nomoya ngokulinganayo. Oku kubangela ukusasazwa ngcono kokunkcenkceshela kunye nezichumisi, njengoko izityalo zikhula zilungelelene ngakumbi.
Ngaphambi kokuba uchaze isicwangciso sokubhalisa, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba wenze Uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali zomhlaba Ukufumanisa inqanaba lezondlo ezikhoyo, i-pH, ityuwa, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, kuyilwe icebo lokuchumisa elilungelelaniswe nesityalo, iingcambu, kunye nohlobo.
Ubusika bukwalixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphonononga ngokupheleleyo inethiwekhi yentloko yokunkcenkceshela kunye nemibhobhoUkucoca izihluzo, ukujonga iivalvu ze-solenoid, ukubhaqwa kokuvuza, ukutshintsha iidripper ezonakeleyo, kunye nemigca yokuhlamba. Inkqubo egcinwe kakuhle iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nezichumisi ngendlela efanayo.
Ukufakwa izinto eziphilayo (umgquba okanye umgquba) Ngeli xesha, ulwakhiwo lomhlaba luyaphucuka, amandla okugcina amanzi kunye nezondlo ayanda, kwaye ihambelana kakuhle kakhulu ne-fertigation. Kwezinye iimeko, umgquba ophuma kwiqhekeza eliqinileyo le-slurry uyasetyenziswa, usetyenziswe apha phantsi komgca womthi.
Ukuchumisa kumgca womthi ngokuchasene ne-classic fertigation
Kwizityalo ezithile ezinemithi, ezifana nemithi yeepesika phantsi komhlaba owomileyo okanye phantsi kweemeko zokunkcenkceshela ezincinci, kuye kwabonwa ukuba ubhalisele umgca womthi Ukusebenzisa isichumiso se-NPK esintsonkothileyo (umzekelo, iifomyula ezili-14-xx-xx) kumgca wokutyala phakathi ebusika, ukusebenzisa umgangatho wokufuma komhlaba ukuze udibanise kakuhle, kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezinomdla kakhulu.
Uvavanyo lokuthelekisa lubonise ukuba, nangona isixa sisonke sezondlo sifana nesicwangciso esisekelwe kwi-fertigation ngexesha lomjikelo, ukuchumisa ngomqolo kunokwenza yonyusa amandla, ubude bokudubula kunye nemveliso Xa zenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo nakwimifanekiso enembali yokukhula kancinci, la mahluko abonwe kusetyenziswa imifanekiso yesathelayithi, ebonisa amandla amakhulu okukhula kwezityalo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo kwi-fertigation
Inkqubo ye utyando olulawulwa kakubi Inkqubo eyilwe kakuhle inokubangela iingxaki ezininzi kangangoko inika iingenelo. Amava asentsimini achonge uthotho lweempazamo eziphindaphindayo ekufuneka zikhunjulwe kwasekuqaleni.
Ukubekwa kwee-emitters kunye nolawulo lwe-wet bulbs
Enye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kukubeka iidrippers ngendlela engachanekanga. kufutshane kakhulu nesiquUninzi lweengcambu ezincinci kunye neenwele zeengcambu zixinene kufutshane nomphetho wekhanophi, kungekhona ecaleni kwesiqu. Ngenxa yoko, ukumanzisa rhoqo isiseko somthi akupheleli nje ekubeni kungasebenzi kakuhle kodwa kwandisa nomngcipheko wokubola komqhele.
Ingcebiso ngokubanzi kukuba kulungiselelwe ii-emitters ezenza isangqa Irediyasi kufuneka ibe malunga nomlinganiselo we-canopy emhlabeni, inyuke njengoko umthi ukhula. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge indawo yee-drippers rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba azingcwatywanga kwinkunkuma yezityalo okanye kude kakhulu nendawo apho iingcambu ezisebenzayo zikhoyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela okungacwangciswanga kakuhle ngamaxesha athile kunye namanzi agqithisileyo
Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukutshintshana ukunkcenkceshela ixesha elide kakhulu kunye namaxesha embalela epheleleyoLe ndlela "yokunkcenkceshela-ukutya-ukutya-ukutya-ukutya" ibangela uxinzelelo lwamanzi, ukuwa kweziqhamo, ukuncipha kokufana, kwaye, kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, umonakalo kwinkqubo yeengcambu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, okufutshane, ukugcina isibane sikwinqanaba lokufuma elizinzileyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu ixesha elide kubangela iingxaki: ukufunxa iingcambu ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini, amagqabi atyheli, ukubola kweengcambu, kunye nokuncipha kwamandla emithi iyonke. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda kakuhle ukungena komhlaba kunye nomthamo wokukhupha amanzi ngovavanyo oluncinci lwentsimi kwaye usebenzise idatha yesensor ukulungisa amaxesha okunkcenkceshela nokuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukungaphumeleli kokuhluza kunye nokufakwa kwesichumiso ngokwaneleyo
Ukufakela inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngamaconsi ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ukuhluza okwaneleyo Oku kukuqinisekisa iingxaki kwixesha eliphakathi. Nokuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba abonakala ecocekile aqulathe amasuntswana amancinci kunye neetyuwa ezinokubangela ukwakheka kwamaqhekeza ngaphakathi kwee-drippers. Ukulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo i-cyclone-sand-disc okanye indibaniselwano ye-mesh ngokwemigangatho yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu njengokukhetha ii-drippers ngokwazo.
Kwicandelo lokuchumisa, musa ukulinganisa iimitha ze-pH kunye nombane Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokulinganisa: ugqibela usebenzisa isichumiso esingaphezulu okanye esingaphantsi kuneso besicwangcisiwe. Indlela elungileyo kukujonga izixhobo ngezisombululo ezisemgangathweni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ulungiselele umxube owaziwayo kwisikhongozeli esahlukileyo ukuze ubone ukuba amaxabiso ethiyori kunye namanani alinganisiweyo ayahambelana na.
La ukuchumisa kwimithi yeziqhamo Idibanisa ukunkcenkceshela, izondlo, kunye nolawulo lwetekhnoloji lwesityalo kwinkqubo enye. Xa uyilo olufanelekileyo lwe-hydraulic, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwesichumiso, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-pH kunye ne-EC, kunye nocwangciso oluqhutywa yidatha (umhlaba, izityalo, kunye nemozulu) zidityanisiwe, isiphumo siba yimithi elungeleleneyo, iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nezondlo ngendlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi—into ebaluleke ngakumbi kuyo nayiphi na indawo yemveliso.
