IVerbena sesinye sezityalo ezingqukuva esizithandayo ngokuqhubekeka kweentyatyambo kunye nendalo yaso enombulelo. Sithetha ngeqela eline iintlobo ezininzi, imixube kunye neentlobo Ziqhelana ngokumangalisayo nezixhobo zokutyala, iibhalkhoni kunye namathafa. Ukuba ujonge umbala ngaphandle kokwenza nzima ubomi bakho, ukuzikhulisela ezimbizeni kukubheja okukhuselekileyo.
Nangona sihlala sibhekisa kwi "verbena" ngokungathi sisityalo esinye, uhlobo lweVerbena lubandakanya iintlobo ezininzi, kunye nemixube exubileyo kunye nabanomkhwa wokulandela bathandwa kakhulu egadini. Kukwakho neeverbena ezinde ezifana nezi I-Verbena bonariensis kunye nokukhasa ngathi I-Verbena eqinileyo, ngoko kukho ukhetho lwendawo nganye. Ukuze ubenze babonakale bebahle, kubalulekile ukwazi zabo Ukhathalelo oluphambili kwiimbiza: ukukhanya, i-substrate, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuthena, ukuchumisa kunye nokulawulwa kwe-phytosanitary. en ukulima ekhaya Imixube ibalasele (Iverbena hybrida), ilungele iimbiza kunye neengobozi ezijingayo ngenxa yazo ukukhula okuhlangeneyo kunye neentyatyambo ezinde kakhulu.
Ijongeka njani i-verbena: iimpawu zebhotani kunye neentlobo eziluncedo
I-Verbenas ingaba minyaka yonke okanye i-perennial, i-herbaceous okanye i-semi-woody, kunye neentyantyambo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo (ebomvu, epinki, e-violet, emhlophe, ebhlowu) ebonakala kwiintloko okanye kumaqela. Amagqabi azo aqhele ukuchasana kwaye anamazinyo, kwaye iintyatyambo zineepetali ezintlanu ezidityanisiweyo zenze ityhubhu encinci. Kulinywa ekhaya, imixube (Iverbena hybrida), ilungele iimbiza kunye neengobozi ezijingayo ngenxa yazo ukukhula okuhlangeneyo kunye neentyatyambo ezinde kakhulu.
Phakathi kweentlobo ezikhankanywe kakhulu I-Verbena bonariensis (izikhondo ezinde, ezicekethekileyo ezinamafu eentyatyambo ezinkulu), I-Verbena eqinileyo (iphepha lodonga elineentyatyambo ezimfusa) kunye I-Verbena canadensis (isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiigadi kunye neembiza ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuphantsi). Kukwakhankanyiwe I-Verbena officinalis kusetyenziso lwemveli. Ngamanye amaxesha ibhidaniswe ne-lemon verbena (IAloysia citrodora), ebizwa ngokuba “yi-lemon verbena”, kodwa lolunye uhlobo; babelana ngosapho kunye namakhathalelo athile anjengokukhetha ilanga eligcweleyo kunye nokukhupha amanzi kakuhle.
Ngokumalunga nobukhulu, ii-hybrids ziza ngamaqela amabini: ngokuthe tye (30-50 cm) kunye ne-trailing (20-25 cm). Ezi zokugqibela zifanelekile njengezityalo ezijingayo okanye izigqubuthelo zomhlaba kwiiplanti. Njengesikhokelo, ezininzi ii-verbena zihlala zifutshane, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba zihlaziye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-4 ukuba ngaba zizityalo ezikhula rhoqo okanye ziphinde zityalwe rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka ukuba zikhule njengonyaka. Kwi imbiza yeentyatyambo Awudingi isitya esikhulu, kuba iingcambu azinzulu kakhulu, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba imbiza ibe nayo. idiameter eyaneleyo ukulungiselela ukukhula kunye nokuxhasa ubunzima obuhle beentyatyambo.
Imozulu, indawo kunye nokukhanya ekulinyweni kweembiza
I-Verbena idinga ukukhanya okukhulu. Ukuqhakaza ngamandla, ilungele ukuba ifumane ubuncinane iiyure ezili-6 zokukhanya kwelanga ngqoKwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu, kunqandwe ilanga lasemini ehlotyeni kwaye ulibeke kwindawo eqaqambileyo, enomthunzi. Isebenza ngokumangalisayo kwiibhalkhoni ezijonge emazantsi- okanye kumzantsi-ntshona ukuba umoya awunamandla kakhulu.
Ikhetha indawo ezipholileyo kunye nezifudumeleyo. Ebusika, utshaba olukhulu yi Iqabaka elikhulu kunye nemisinga yomoya ebandayoEzinye ii<em>verbena zinokumelana nokuwa kwamathuba athile ukuya kutsho kwi--7°C, kodwa zisesichengeni ngakumbi ezimbizeni; khusela imbiza okanye uyisuse kwindawo ekhuselekileyo xa amaqondo obushushu ehla kakhulu.
Njengesityalo sangaphandle sifanelekile kwi-terraces, iifestile ezinezityalo okanye iingobozi ezijingayo. Izityalo ezijingayo zibonisa “ikhethini” leentyatyambo elinomtsalane xa zisemagqabini. Qinisekisa ukuba, ngaphezu kwelanga, banayo ukuhamba kakuhle komoya ukunqanda ukungunda, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyibeka kwisiqhushumbisi esibandayo esizingileyo.
I-substrate, imbiza kunye ne-drainage
Undoqo kwimpumelelo kukuphepha amanzi amileyo. Sebenzisa imbiza enemingxuma enesisa kwaye yongeza umaleko wokuhambisa amanzi (igrabile, udongwe, okanye iitshiphusi zeceramic) ezantsi. umgangatho we-universal substrate mayibe ilula, inomoya kwaye ikhupha kakhuluUmxube oqhelekileyo we-60-70% umgangatho we-universal substrate + 20-30% yesanti erhabaxa okanye i-perlite isebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Ukuba umxube wakho ugcina ukufuma okuninzi, yongeza isanti yomlambo ehlanjiweyo okanye igrabile entle. I-Verbenas ayenzi kakuhle nge-substrates exineneyo ethi ihluthe ebusika. Ebhodweni, awudingi isitya esikhulu, njengoko iingcambu zingakhuli kakhulu, kodwa imbiza enobunzulu obuyi-1.5 m yingcamango elungileyo. idiameter eyaneleyo ukulungiselela ukukhula kunye nokuxhasa ubunzima obuhle beentyatyambo.
Kwi-verbena ye-potted hybrid, ukongeza i-pinch yesichumisi esikhupha ngokukhawuleza kumhlaba wokubumba entwasahlobo kunceda ukugcina iintyatyambo. Ukuba uphinda usebenzise imbiza, bulala iintsholongwane okanye uwuhlaziye umhlaba ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka. ukubola kakhulu okanye izinambuzane isizini edlulileyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kwiimbiza: ukuphindaphinda kunye nobuchule
I-Verbena iyawanyamezela amaxesha embalela, kodwa kwiimbiza umhlaba woma ngokukhawuleza. Gcina ibhalansi: amanzi xa umaleko ongaphezulu uziva womile ukuya kubamba. Indlela yomnwe ayisoze yasilela; faka umnwe wakho 2-3 cm kunye namanzi kuphela ukuba kukho amanzi. ukoma okucacileyoEhlotyeni, inokufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo, amaxesha amaninzi ka-2-3 ngeveki ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu nomoya.
Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo. Ukunkcenkceshela nzulu, izithuba kubhetele kunokunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngokungekho nzulu. Qondisa amanzi kwisiseko sesityalo, uqaphele ukuba ungamanzisi amahlamvu ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhupha amanzi. ukungunda kunye ne-botrytisEzinye izikhokelo zibonisa ipatheni "kanye ngeveki" kwimozulu epholileyo, kodwa i-substrate ihlala ibalulekile: ukuba iintsuku ezimbalwa zidlulile kwaye kusemanzi, linda phambi kokunkcenkceshela.
Egadini, apho ukukhupha amanzi kulungile, imfuno idla ngokuba phantsi xa sele imisiwe. Kwiimbiza ezincinci, gcina iliso elisondeleyo kubo, kuba umthamo womhlaba omncinci uthetha ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokukhawulezaNgexesha lamaza obushushu, cinga ngokuhambisa imbiza ikhanyise i-semi-shade ngexesha leeyure ezisembindini ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi.
Isichumisi kunye namaqhinga okukhula ngamandla
I-Verbenas ayidli ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa ukongezwa kwesondlo kwenza wonke umahluko. Ngentwasahlobo, xuba a ukukhupha umgquba ngokucothaNgexesha leentyantyambo, unokongeza ngezichumisi ezingamanzi rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2-3, ngedosi ephakathi, uhlala ugcina i-substrate ifumile ukuphepha ukutshisa.
Ukongeza umgquba ovuthiweyo kuphucula ubume be-substrate kwaye inceda ukugcina ukufuma ngaphandle kokukhukula. Ziphephe izinto eziphilayo ezigqithisileyo ukuba imozulu yakho ifumile, njengoko inokukhuthaza ukubola kokungundaIsigcina-kufuma esicekethekileyo sexolo okanye ifayibha yekhokhonathi igcina i-substrate ipholile ehlotyeni kwaye inciphisa ukuvela komphunga.
Ukuthena, ukucocwa nokuqhubeka nokudumba kweentyatyambo
Ukususa iintyatyambo ezibunile rhoqo (deadheading) kukhuthaza isityalo ukuba sivelise izithungu ezintsha. Lo mqondiso, owenziwe ngeveki, uphawuleka kakhulu ekuqhubekeni kombala. Ikwangumbono olungileyo. susa iziqu ezingalawulekiyo okanye ixesha elide kakhulu ukugcina imilo ehlangeneyo embizeni.
Njengesikhokelo jikelele, yenza ukuthena okuqulunqayo ekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza xa kuqala ukuhluma. Ukusikwa okwesibini ekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekwindla kuyinceda intshule ngamandla. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuthenwa okulula "rhoqo kwiinyanga ezine" ukuyivuselela; into ebalulekileyo kukuziqhelanisa namandla esityalo sakho kunye naso izinga leentyatyambo.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye i-verbenas zilahlekelwa ngamandla: ziqhakaza ngaphantsi, i-inflorescences ibe yincinci, kwaye iziqu ziba yinkuni. Ukuba uqaphela ezi mpawu zokuguga, nciphisa kancinci ukunyanzela amahlumela amatsha kwaye usebenzise ithuba ukusikwa okunempilo ukwandisa kwaye uhlaziye imbiza.
Ixesha kunye nendlela yokutyala: inyathelo ngenyathelo
Phambi kokutyala, thambisa ingcambu yengcambu ngokuyintywilisela emanzini imizuzu embalwa ukuze ifunxe ukufuma. Yomba umngxuma omkhudlwana kancinci kunengcambu yeengcambu (ukuya kuthi ga kathathu ubukhulu ukuba umhlaba unzima). Ukuba umhlaba wakho unodongwe, yongeza isanti erhabaxa okanye igrabile ukuphucula amanzi. Beka isityalo kubunzulu obufanayo phambi kokutyala, ugcwalise, udibanise ngobunono, kwaye amanzi ngokucokisekileyo.
Ebhodweni, yenza i-drainage layer ezantsi, yongeza i-substrate elungiselelwe (ungaxuba kwisichumisi esicothayo), kwaye utyale. Emva kokutyala, nkcenkceshela rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuhluma okufanelekileyo. Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi ngokuhlwa ukuba ubusuku bupholile kwaye bufumile. izifo zokungunda.
Iintyatyambo kunye nobude bexesha embizeni
I-Verbena inokuqhakaza ukusuka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla, ikhula ngokukhawuleza ehlotyeni. Kwimozulu epholileyo kunye nenkathalo efanelekileyo, eminye imihlanganiselwa igcina iintyatyambo phantse unyaka wonke. Ukugcina inkqubo yokubulala kunye nokunkcenkceshela okulinganayo kunye nesondlo yiresiphi ye iintyatyambo ezinde kunye nesisa.
Ngokuphathelele ixesha elide kwiimbiza, iintlobo ezingapheliyo zingaphila iminyaka emininzi kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle, kodwa zivame ukulahlekelwa amandla kunye nobudala. Ezonyaka okanye imihlanganiselwa ephathwa njengonyaka ihlaziywa ngexesha lonyaka ngalinye. Ukucheba rhoqo kunye nokuhlaziya i-substrate, kunye nokusasazwa ngokusika, bandise kakhulu ubomi babo obuluncedo.
Ukusabalalisa: imbewu, ukusika kunye nokwahlula
Imbewu: Lima ekupheleni kobusika kwindawo ekhuselweyo yembewu. Beka iimbewu ezi-2-3 kwisokethi nganye okanye imbiza encinci, kwaye emva kokuntshula, gcina isithombo esinamandla kakhulu. Xa benamagqabi okwenyaniso aliqela, yenza ukuqina okuncinci (i-acclimatization) phambi kokuba baye kwindawo yabo yokugqibela. Ukusuka kufakelo, banokuthatha Iiveki ezi-3-5 ukuqalisa ukuqhakaza ukuba iimeko zivuma.
Ukusika: ubuchule obukhawulezayo nobuthembekileyo. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, thatha iziqu eziphilileyo, ezingenantyatyambo ezilinganisa i-8-10 cm, susa amaqabunga angaphantsi, kwaye ugxininise kwi-substrate elula, ugcine i-substrate imanzi kodwa ingabi namanzi amaninzi. Ihomoni yengcambu ilula, kodwa ayibalulekanga. Ngale ndlela, unokufanisa isityalo osithandayo ngenkangeleko yaso. umbala okanye ukuzala.
Ukwahlula izigaqa: Kwi-verbenas ezenza iibhola ezishinyeneyo zeengcambu, zahlule ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Le yindlela elula yokuvuselela iisampuli ezindala kwaye ufumane izityalo ezitsha ezisebenzayo kwezinye iimbiza.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo: i-fungi, ibhaktheriya kunye nezinambuzane
Powdery mildew: Oku kubonakala njengomgubo omhlophe emagqabini kunye neziqu xa kukho ukufuma kunye nokungenwa komoya. Phucula ukungena komoya, kunqande ukumanzisa amagqabi, kwaye usebenzise unyango olufana nesalfure okanye amalungiselelo ohlobo lwe potassium bicarbonate. Susa ezona ndawo zichaphazeleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukwanda.
I-Botrytis: Kwiindawo ezipholileyo nezifumileyo, inokubola iintyatyambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo. Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ebusuku kunye nezikhukhula. Susa izinto ezonakalisiweyo kwaye, ukuba zibukhali, bhenela kuyo imichiza yokungunda efanelekileyoUkugcina umgama kunye nendawo enomoya owaneleyo ngundoqo.
Ingcambu kunye nokubola kwesiqu: ukungunda komhlaba (umzekelo, i-rhizoctonia) ziyaphumelela ekunkcenkcesheleni kakhulu kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Lungisa ukunkcenkceshela, uphucule amanzi, kwaye ubeke indawo ye-substrate ukuba iye yangcoliswa. Ngamanye amaxesha luluvo olulungileyo ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane kwisikhongozeli kuphephe ukosuleleka kwakhona.
Intsholongwane yentsholongwane (umzekelo, Pseudomonas): kubangela ukutyheli, ukubuna okuqhubekayo, kunye nobumnyama bemibhobho yencindi xa isiqu sinqunyulwa. Ukulawula kubandakanya ukususa kunye nokutshabalalisa izityalo ezigulayo kunye nokutyalwa ngokutsha kwe-substrate. entsha kwaye isempilweni.
Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo: Iintwala zidla ngokutya amahlumelo; ukulawula ngesepha ye-potassium okanye i-oyile ye-horticultural, kwaye uhlambulule ukuhlaselwa okuncinci ngamanzi anesepha. Izinambuzane ezibomvu zesigcawu zivela ngobushushu kunye nokoma; ukwandisa ukufuma ngaphandle kokumanzisa ngokugqithisileyo i-substrate kwaye usebenzise i-acaricide ethile ukuba ziyazingisa. Abasebenzi basezimayini (njengaba Agromyza artemisiae) shiya iigalari kumagqabi; susa amagqabi achaphazelekayo kwaye usebenzise unyango ukuba umonakalo unzima. Ama-slugs anokuncwina egadini; isanti, i-sawdust, okanye izithiyelo ezisekelwe emanzini zisetyenziswa njengezithintelo. iphosphate yeferric (Ferramol) bancede babalawule.
Iindawo kunye noyilo: ukusuka kwi-balcony ukuya egadini
Embizeni okanye kwiplanti, iiverbena ezixubileyo zinezinto ezininzi. idityaniswe nengca ephantsi, iicalibrachoas okanye iilobelias. Kwiibhasikithi ezijingayo, abo baqubudayo benza i-cascade yombala. Kwiibhedi zeentyatyambo, V. bonariensis Inika ukukhanya okuthe nkqo kunye nomoya wendalo ngaphandle kokuthintela iimbono, ngelixa V. rigida ukuvala izithuba nge ikhaphethi enentyatyambo iinyanga.
Ukuba uyonwabela imifuno enamakha, i-lemon verbena (IAloysia citrodora), umzala we-verbenas, ukhula kakuhle kwiimbiza ezinokunyamekela okufanayo kwelanga kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuna ukuthenwa okuqatha ngakumbi emva kobusika ukuze kugcinwe ubume kunye namandlaNangona ayisiyiyo "yokwenyani" i-verbena, ingena kakuhle kwigadi yemifuno.
Iingcebiso ezilungileyo zokuphepha ukungaphumeleli
Ukunkcenkceshela okunzulu okuninzi ngeveki kungcono kunokutshiza imihla ngemihla; ukufuma emagqabini kukhuthaza ukungunda. Ukuba ithala lakho linomoya kwaye lishushu, sebenzisa iimbiza ezinkulu kancinci ezigcina ukufuma ngcono kwaye usebenzise umaleko omncinci we-mulch. Ukugcina incopho yeentyatyambo, dibanisa i-deadheading, umrhumi ophakathi kunye nokukhanya okuninzi. Kwaye ukuba igagasi lobushushu libetha, umthunzi omncinci phakathi kwemini uya kukusindisa ingxaki.
Xa ubuyisela i-repotting, cwina i-rootball kwaye ungayingcwabi intamo yesityalo. Ukuba uphinda usebenzise iimbiza, zicoce kwaye zibulale iintsholongwane ukuba bekukho ingxaki yokungunda. Ukuhlaziya iisampulu ezidiniweyo, zisike emva ekupheleni kwesizini kwaye uzigcine. "gcina" ukusika ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Abo batyala iverbena baphinda bakhulise iverbena. Phakathi kokuqina kwayo, iimfuno zayo eziphantsi, kunye nokubuya kwayo ngombala, liqabane elifanelekileyo kwiibhalkhoni ezinelanga kunye neepatio. Nge-substrate ekhanyayo, ukunkcenkceshela xa kuyimfuneko, isondlo esithile, kunye ne-pinch of pruning, uya kuba nesityalo esingenakunqandwa esiya kukhanyisa nayiphi na igadi. imbiza okanye isixhobo sokutyala.
