Inkcazo kunye nemvelaphi yamacici kaKumkanikazi
La Fuchsia, eyaziwa njenge amacici queen, i-aretillo, i-queen's tendrils, okanye umphongolo, luhlobo lwezityalo ezizalelwa kumazwe aseMelika, ngakumbi iAndes, iChile, iMexico, uMbindi Merika kunye neCaribbean. Yafunyanwa yingcali ngezityalo yaseFransi uCharles Plumier, owathiya esi sityalo ngengcaphephe yezityalo yaseJamani uLeonhart Fuchs. Ukusasazwa kwayo kwendalo okubanzi ukusuka kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni ukuya kwiintaba eziphakamileyo, apho iye yaziqhelanisa neendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo, inika uhlobo olukhulu lwemfuza kunye nobutyebi obahlukeneyo.
Amacici kakumkanikazi ngawentsapho I-Onagraceae kwaye ziye zaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele ngeentyatyambo zazo ezijingayo ezintle, ezifana namacici kwaye zongeza uchuku olungaqhelekanga noluphucukileyo kuyo nayiphi na indawo, nokuba yigadi, ithala okanye ingaphakathi eliqaqambileyo.
Le shrub inokufikelela phakathi isiqingatha semitha ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezintathu mde kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, unamasebe kakhulu kwaye ukhula ngokukhawuleza ukuba unikezwe ngononophelo olufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye nokuhlobisa
- Igama lezesayensi: I-Fuchsia (ikakhulukazi i-Fuchsia magellanica, kodwa iintlobo ezininzi kunye ne-hybrids zikhona).
- Amanye amagama: Amacici kaKumkanikazi, i-fuchsia, icici, amacici kaKumkanikazi, umphongolo.
- Usapho: I-Onagraceae.
- Tipo: I-Deciduous okanye i-evergreen shrub, ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye neentlobo.
- AmaSpredishithi: Elula, echaseneyo, i-ovate okanye i-lanceolate, enemiphetho enamazinyo ahlambulukileyo, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuya kwi-10 cm.
- Iziqu: Intle kodwa yomelele, inemilo ye-arched kunye nomthamo omkhulu wesebe.
- Iintyatyambo: Ukususela entlakohlaza ukuya ekwindla, kunye neentyatyambo ezivuzayo, zodwa okanye kumaqela amancinci.
- Iintyatyambo: I-Tubular kwimilo, kunye ne-sepals egobile ngasemva kunye neepetali ezichaseneyo. Zisenokuba mhlophe, zipinki, zibomvu, zimfusa, zibe violet, okanye zibe nemibala ebomvu.
- Isiqhamo: Amajikijolo amade, kwezinye iimeko ayatyiwa, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwawo akuqhelekanga.
- Ukuphakama: Ukusuka kwi-50 cm ukuya kwi-3 m, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye neemeko zemozulu.
Iintyatyambo eziqaqambileyo, ezihlayo ze-fuchsia zinike igama labo kumbala owaziwayo we-fuchsia, kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Kukho iintlobo ezine-corollas enye okanye ezimbini, iintyatyambo ezinkulu okanye ezincinci, zonke zinomtsalane ngokulinganayo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zemibala, ukusuka kumhlophe osulungekileyo ukuya kubomvu obunzulu okanye i-violet, kubandakanywa indibaniselwano ye-bicolor, yenza icici likakumkanikazi libe sesona sityalo sihonjiswe kakhulu kwigadi.
Zikwagqamile ixabiso layo kwizinto eziphilayo: Batsala iinyosi, amabhabhathane kunye ne-hummingbirds, igalelo kwi-pollination yendalo.
Iindidi ezifakiweyo kunye neentlobo
- Fuchsia magellanica: Ukumelana kakhulu nokubanda, kunye neentyatyambo ezincinci kodwa ezininzi.
- Fuchsia ricardonii: Ukumelana neqabaka ezikhanyayo, ubungakanani obuphakathi kunye neentyatyambo ezimfusa nezibomvu.
- I-Fuchsia 'iNkosazana yeDola': IHybrid eneentyantyambo eziphindwe kabini, ii-corollas ezimfusa kunye neesepals ezibomvu ezimangalisayo.
- I-Fuchsia 'Checkerboard': Ibonakaliswa ngama-corollas abomvu kunye ne-red-white bicolor sepals.
- I-Fuchsia 'Amehlo Amnyama': Intyatyambo ene-corolla emnyama emfusa kunye ne-sepals ebomvu eqaqambileyo.
- Fuchsia 'Southgate': Iintyatyambo ezipinki ezimbatshileyo, ziethe-ethe kakhulu.
- I-Fuchsia 'Firecracker': Isiqu esimi nkqo esineentyatyambo ezibomvu eziqaqambileyo.
Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu zalo ezikhethekileyo, kungekuphela nje kumbala weentyatyambo kodwa nakwimilo, ubukhulu, kunye nokumelana nokubanda, okukuvumela ukuba ukhethe eyona ifanelekileyo kwimozulu yakho kunye noyilo lwegadi.
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhanyisa kunye nendawo
Amacici kaKumkanikazi zifuna ukukhanya okulungileyo kodwa kubalulekile ukuyiphepha ukuba sesichengeni ngokuthe ngqo kunye nexesha elide elangeni, ngakumbi emini emaqanda, njengoko oku kunokutshisa amagqabi neentyatyambo zawo. Bakhetha iindawo ezinomthunzi ngokungagqibelelanga ezinokukhanya okuqaqambileyo kodwa okuhluziweyo.
- En izinto zangaphakathi, zibeke kufuphi neefestile ezijonge ngasempuma okanye entshona, zingaze zibe kwidrafti okanye kufutshane nemithombo yobushushu.
- En ngaphandleFumana indawo ekhuselekileyo, ukuphepha imimoya enamandla kunye neqabaka. Ukuba imozulu ishushu, umthunzi ongephi ubalulekile ukukhusela isityalo ekubandezelekeni kwamanzi.
- Kwiindawo ezibandayo, i-fuchsia inokunyamezela ukukhanya kwelanga ngakumbi ukuba ubushushu buthambile.
Fuchsia ilungele iimbiza ezijingayo, abatyali, i-rockeries kunye nemida egadini, apho amasebe abo aphantsi kunye neentyatyambo ezijingayo zikhangeleka.
Ubushushu be-Ambient kunye nokufuma
I-Fuchsia ikhula kakuhle amaqondo obushushu aphakathi, ikhula ngamandla phakathi kwe-15°C kunye ne-24°C. Ayikunyamezeli ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukubanda okukhulu kakuhle:
- Ubuncinane bobushushu obucetyiswayo: 7-10 °C. Kufuneka ikhuselwe kwiqabaka, ngaphandle kwezinye iintlobo ezixhathisayo.
- Imekobume efumileyo: Yongeza ukufuma ngokutshiza okanye ngokubeka imbiza kwitreyi yeengqalutye ezizaliswe ngamanzi. Kuphephe ukumanzisa iintyatyambo xa utshiza, kuba oku kungonakalisa.
- Ziphephe iindawo ezomileyo kakhulu okanye ezo zisesichengeni somoya/ubushushu.
Ebusika nakwimozulu ebandayo, kungcono ukugcina i-fuchsia kwindawo epholileyo kodwa eqaqambileyo. Ukuba ziphulukene namagqabi, ziyakwazi ukulala kwaye zihlume kwakhona entwasahlobo.
Unkcenkceshelo kunye nombhalisi
El ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube rhoqo kwaye ilawulwa. Umhlaba kufuneka ugcinwe ufumile kodwa ungaze umanziswe:
- Kwintyatyambo nangexesha lemozulu eshushu: Nkcenkceshela ngokucokisekileyo, uhlale uqinisekisa ukuba i-substrate ikhupha kakuhle kwaye ayizinzi. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiimbiza zokuxhoma, ezomisa ngokukhawuleza.
- Ixesha lokuphumla/ebusika: Ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela ubuncinci, ukuvumela umaleko ophezulu we-substrate ukuba wome ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela kwakhona.
- Kuphephe ukutshiza iintyatyambo ngokubonelela ngokufuma kokusingqongileyo ukuthintela izifo zokungunda.
- Ngalo lonke ixesha qinisekisa a umjelo olungileyo.
Khulisa isityalo Entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini (okanye kanye ngenyanga, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesichumisi), ngokukhethekileyo nge izichumisi ezingamanzi ezilungeleleneyo ezikhethekileyo kwizityalo zeentyatyambo okanye i-fuchsias. Ebusika, nqumamisa ukuchumisa ukuhlonipha ixesha lokungalali.
Umhlaba kunye nokufakelwa kwakhona
I-Fuchsia ikhula kakuhle kwi-a i-substrate etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, kunye ne-texture ekhululekile kunye nekhaphukhaphu, ngokufanelekileyo iqulunqwe ngumxube we-peat, i-humus kunye nesanti ethile ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwamanzi.
- pH: I-asidi encinci okanye ingathathi hlangothi.
- Ukufakelwa kwakhona: Kucetyiswa ukuba utshintshe i-fuchsias kwimbiza enkulu okanye egadini entwasahlobo, xa ihluma kakhulu. Ukuba iingcambu zibophene ngokuqinileyo (i-spiralized), yaphula ngobunono isiseko sengcambu yeengcambu phambi kokutyala ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezintsha. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, tyelela yethu isikhokelo sokwenza imixube.
- Yongeza i-compost encinci okanye isichumisi esikhutshwa kancinci xa uphinda ugalela.
Ukuthena nokugcina
La ukuthena rhoqo Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukubonakala kweentyatyambo ezintsha, ukugcina ukumila kwesityalo, kunye nokulawula ubukhulu baso. Phula icici likakumkanikazi ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukususa:
- Amasebe omileyo, awonakele okanye abuthathaka.
- Amasebe agqithisileyo okukhuthaza ukungena komoya kunye nokungena kokukhanya.
- Ideadhead iintyatyambo ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhula ukuze yongeze iintyatyambo.
Sebenzisa isikere esicocekileyo, esibukhali kwaye, emva kokuthena, sebenzisa isibulali ntsholongwane sokungunda ukuba imozulu imanzi.
Izinambuzane kunye nezifo zamacici endlovukazi
I-Fuchsias inokuchatshazelwa zizinambuzane ezininzi kunye nezifo, ngakumbi:
- Iintsholongwane: Zifunxa incindi, zikhubaze amahlumela kwaye zikhuthaze ukubonakala komngundo omnyama (sooty mold).
- ICottony mealybug: Ibangela ubuthathaka jikelele kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi.
- Impukane emhlophe: Izinambuzane ezincinci ezenza buthathaka isityalo kwaye zenze umonakalo emagqabini.
- Amangolwane (isigcawu esibomvu): Zibonakala kwindawo ezomileyo, ezifudumeleyo; zibangela amachokoza atyheli kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi.
- Iihambo: Izinambuzane ezincinci ezonakalisa amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo.
- Ubumuncu bolusu: Umngundo ogqume amagqabi kunye neziqu ngomgubo omhlophe.
- Ukungunda okungwevu (Botrytis cinerea): Ibangela amabala angwevu/mdaka kwiintyatyambo kunye namathupha, athandwa kukufuma kokusingqongileyo.
- Umhlwa: Ibonakala njenge pustules e-orenji/etyheli kumzantsi wegqabi.
- Amabala amagqabi: Iifungus ezibangela amabala ajikelezayo emagqabini, ezibangela ukuba ziwe.
- Ingcambu/ukubola kwesiqu: Inxulunyaniswa nokunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwamanzi. Ibangela ukuba tyheli kunye nokubuna.
- Cucumber mosaic virus: Ingakhubaza amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga.
Ukuthintela iingxaki, gcina:
- Ukuhamba kakuhle komoya
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokukhukula
- Ukucocwa rhoqo kwamagqabi omileyo kunye neentyatyambo
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ukufumanisa iimpawu zakwangoko
- Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile unyango lothintelo ngesepha ye-potassium, i-oyile ye-neem okanye amayeza athile okubulala izinambuzane/imichiza yokungunda
Ukuvelisa: ukuphindaphinda i-fuchsias yakho
Amacici kaKumkanikazi anokwenziwa kwakhona ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
Ngokusika
- Sika amasebe angama-semi-wood ukuya kwi-6-15 cm. Susa amagqabi asezantsi kwaye unqumle naziphi na iintyatyambo okanye amagqabi.
- Gcoba isiseko sokusika ngehomoni ye-rooting.
- Tyala kwi-substrate emanzi, ekhululekile, ngokukodwa kwiitreyi ezigqunyiweyo ukugcina ukufuma okuphezulu.
- Beka kwindawo eqaqambileyo kude nelanga elithe ngqo. Iingcambu ezintsha zihlala zivela kwiiveki ezi-3-5. Thetha kwakhona xa ubona amahlumela amatsha.
Ngembewu
- Zihlwayele kwiibhedi zembewu entlakohlaza, kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nefumileyo.
- Inkqubo iyacotha kodwa inomdla wokufumana iintlobo ezintsha okanye ukujonga umjikelo opheleleyo wesityalo.
Ukusasazwa ngokusikwa yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo nethembekileyo, iyenza ilungele ukuphindaphinda imizekelo efana nesityalo sikamama.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa kunye nokuhombisa
Fuchsias zilungele iingobozi ezijingayo, iibhokisi zefestile, imida, iiterrace, kunye ne patio. Ukukhula kwazo nokwanda kwazo kweentyatyambo kuzenza zibalasele ngokuxutywa kweefern, iintliziyo ezophayo nezinye izityalo ezinomthunzi. Zikwaxabiseke kakhulu ngokuhombisa ibalcony, ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye nokunomtsalane kwiimbiza, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuba zifumana ukukhanya okwaneleyo kunye nokufuma.
Ubuhle obukhethekileyo beentyatyambo zamacici kakumkanikazi, ukukwazi ukudumba kangangeenyanga, nokukhula kwazo ngokulula kuzenza zibe sesona sityalo sixatyiswayo kwimiyezo, iipati neendawo ezikhethekileyo. Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, unokuyonwabela umboniso wombala kunye nobomi ngamaxesha onke, ukuguqula nayiphi na indawo ibe yiparadesi encinci yendalo.
