Nabani na okhe wahamba ePatagonia yaseChile okanye yaseArgentina uya kube edibene namatyholo anameva. iziqhamo eziluhlaza okanye ezimfusa ukuba wonke umntu uyafowuna, phantse ngaphandle kokucinga, michay okanye calafateZihlala zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo, kodwa emva kwala magama kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zohlobo. IBerberisngezinto ezinomdla zebhotani, zokupheka, kunye nenkcubeko.
Izinto ziba nzima ngakumbi xa kufunyaniswa ukuba, kwiimbombo ezahlukeneyo zamazantsi eChile naseArgentina, isihlahla esinye sinokufumana. amagama aqhelekileyo ahlukeneyokwaye nokuba kwi-Intanethi kukho intabalala yeetekisi apho michay kunye necalafate zivela njengezithethantonyeUkucima le ngxubakaxaka, kuyanceda ukuzisa ucwangco: ukubona ukuba zeziphi iintlobo, zinokwahlulwa njani krwaqu nje, ukuba isiqhamo ngasinye sinencasa njani, kwaye yintoni indima abayidlalayo kwizityalo zomthonyama zaseOstreliya.
I-Michay kunye ne-calafate: iingcambu ezifanayo zebhotani, amagama aphitheneyo
Okokuqala, zombini i-michay kunye nentlekele zezakwa- uhlobo lweBerberis, iqela lamatyholo anameva asasazwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi, kuquka Patagonia kunye nezantsi ChileIgama lodidi lisuka kwigama elithi Imvelaphi yesiArabhunto leyo eyavelisa uhlobo lweLatinized Berberis olusetyenziswa kwibhotani.
Ngaphakathi kolu hlobo kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo kwisihloko sethu: i-michay ihlala idibene nayo IBerberis darwiniingelixa isihelegu sichongwa ngokuyintloko I-Berberis microphylla (kwaziwa njenge IBerberis buxifolia (kwezinye izicatshulwa). Emva koko, kukho ezinye iintlobo ze-genus, ezifana Berberis valdiviana, ezihlala kwindawo esemazantsi yaye maxa wambi zixutywa ngolwimi oludumileyo.
Izitiya zebhotani zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zibonisa oku kwantlukwano. Kwiindawo ezinje Izitiya zeKew (United Kingdom) iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeBerberis ziyalinywa kwaye zifundwe, kubandakanywa IBerberis darwinii y IBerberis buxifoliaxa uku Isitiya seBhotani saseOxford Ibonakala ibhaliwe, umzekelo, Berberis valdivianaEzi rekhodi zinceda ukuseka isazisi sebhotani yezityalo ezithi, ngolwimi lwemihla ngemihla, ziphele zidityaniswa kunye ne "calafate" okanye "michay".
Kwilizwekazi laseChile, ngokophononongo lwezityalo olwenziwe yiLandrum, ezinye ziye zachazwa Iintlobo ezili-16 zeBerberisUkuba asibandakanyi iintlobo ezimbini zeziqithi zeJuan Fernández kunye nezinye ezimbini zaseArgentina, sishiyeke Iintlobo ezili-12 ezikhoyo kwilizwekaziPhakathi kwezi, kukho iintlobo ezintlanu ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi michay (inxulunyaniswa nentsingiselo yentonga etyheli) kunye abanye abahlanu ababelana ngamagama michay okanye calafatekuxhomekeke kwingingqi kunye nesiko lendawo.
Konke oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni, xa uzama ukukhangela ulwazi kwi-Intanethi, Ukubhideka kuyanda endaweni yokuba kucace ngakumbi.Iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zibhekisa kwi-michay ngokungathi ifana ne-calafate; ezinye izicatshulwa ziyayihoya into yokuba zizinto ezahlukeneyo phakathi kohlobo olufanayo, kwaye ngokwesiqhelo, kuninzi lwePatagonia, iphelela ekubizweni. calafate phantse kuyo nayiphi na spiny Berberis ngamaqunube amnyama.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zohlobo lweBerberis eChile nasePatagonia
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwiinkcukacha malunga nendlela yokwahlula ngokubonakalayo i-michay kwi-calafate, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba sithetha nge iqela lemithi kunye nezihlahla ezinamevaekumazantsi eChile naseArgentina ayinxalenye yembonakalo yomhlaba ye i-scrubland kunye nehlathi elibandayoZinokufumaneka, umzekelo, kwi Magallanes, eChile Antarctica kunye neNgingqi yaseAysén, kunye nakwiindawo zePatagonian kwicala lase-Argentina.
Iindidi ze-Berberis ezikhoyo kwilizwekazi laseChile zibonisa indibaniselwano amagqabi ngokubanzi amancinci, azingile okanye azingisanga, ameva ngokwenqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinane; iintyatyambo ezityheli kunye neziqhamo ngohlobo lwe Amajikijolo aneethoni eziluhlaza, ezimfusa okanye ezimnyamaNangona ukubonakala kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, bonke babelana ngaloo moya we-shrub eqinile, ehambelana kakuhle nemozulu ebandayo kunye nemimoya enamandla.
Kwimeko ethile ye michay (Berberis darwinii), sisihlahla ihlala iluhlazaenamagqabi anencam-ncam kunye neentyatyambo ezimthubi okanye eziorenji. Ngeli xesha, i intlekele, ezichongiweyo ikakhulu ngeBerberis microphylla, izipho amagqabi amancinci kunye neziqu ezinamameva anamandla, ukongeza kuphawu lwamaqunube amfusa atyiwayo.
Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana IBerberis buxifolia o Berberis valdivianaZikwayinxalenye yale mosaic yamatyholo omthonyama. Ezinye zilinywa njenge izityalo zokuhombisa zombini eChile naseArgentina, kunye nakwizitiya zebhotani kwamanye amazwe, njengoko kucacisiwe isikhokelo sokukhula ngokupheleleyokanye ngenxa yomahluko phakathi kwamagqabi aso amnyama, iintyatyambo zawo ezibugolide kunye nokumila okukuko kwesihlahla.
Iindidi ze-Berberis ezikhoyo kwilizwekazi laseChile zibonisa indibaniselwano amagqabi ngokubanzi amancinci, azingile okanye azingisanga, ameva ngokwenqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinane; iintyatyambo ezityheli kunye neziqhamo ngohlobo lwe Amajikijolo aneethoni eziluhlaza, ezimfusa okanye ezimnyamaNangona ukubonakala kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, bonke babelana ngaloo moya we-shrub eqinile, ehambelana kakuhle nemozulu ebandayo kunye nemimoya enamandla.
Ungawuchaza njani umahluko phakathi kwe-michay kunye ne-calafate ngokujonga nje
Isitshixo sokungabhidanisi i-michay nge-calafate silele ekujongeni, ngaphezu kwako konke, kwi apho kukho ameva kwaye anjani amagqabiNangona zombini zibukhali, "isikrweqe" abasisebenzisayo sahlukile, sibavumela ukuba bahluke nangaphandle kokuba yingcali yezityalo.
El michay (Berberis darwinii) igxininisa inxenye elungileyo yokhuselo kwi amagqabi akho. Oku kuhlala kunjalo eqaqambileyo, eluhlaza bumnyama obunzulu kunye nomphetho obonelelwe ngokucacileyo nge amazinyo anamazinyoOko kukuthi, ulwandlalo lwegqabi alugudi, kodwa lufana nesarha encinci. Ngaphezu koko, amasebe avela imiqolo eyenziwe ziingalo ezininzienezakhiwo ezinokuba namanqaku amahlanu ukuya kwasixhenxe, nto leyo eyandisa ukhuseleko kwizilwanyana ezitya utyani.
El intlekele (Berberis microphylla), kwelinye icala, inendlela eyahlukileyo. Amagqabi ayo ngokubanzi encinci kwaye ithambileaneencam ezipheleleyo okanye amazinyo amancinci amancinci kunalawo e-michay. Kule meko, ukukhusela kugxininiswe kwi iziqu kunye namasebeapho zivela khona imiqolo endlongondlongo kakhulu, ngokwesiqhelo ngokwamaqela eengalo ezintathuOlo lungiselelo lwemiqolo emithathu kwiziqu yenye yezona zinto ziluncedo kakhulu zokuyiqaphela.
Ukuba zombini izihlahla zifaniswa kwintsimi, kunokubonwa ukuba i-michay inika imbonakalo ebonakalayo amagqabi ashinyeneyo naqaqambileyoenamagqabi akhangeleka omelele kunye nemiphetho exhobe kakuhle, ngelixa i-calafate ibonakala ngathi "ethe-ethe" kumagqabi ayo, kodwa ihlawula imiva ebukhali ngakumbi yesikhondoKwimeko nayiphi na into, kungcono ukuba ungasondeli kakhulu ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo, kuba enye yazo inokushiya uphawu eluswini lwakho.
Ukwahluka akuphelelanga kumagqabi kunye nameva: nazo zibandakanya Iintyatyambo zinceda ekuchongeniIcala lithanda ukubonisa iintyatyambo Ndedwa, yethoni igolide tyheli zibukhali kakhulu, eziphuma ecaleni kwamasebe. I-michay, inxalenye yayo, ibonisa amaqela e iintyatyambo ezidibeneyokananjalo tyheli kodwa rhoqo ngetinti ecacileyo orenjiebonakala ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa nemvelaphi yamagqabi amnyama, abengezelayo aluhlaza.
Umahluko kwiziqhamo: incasa, umbala kunye nokusetyenziswa culinary
Xa ujonga isiqhamo, kulula ukuqonda ukuba kutheni abantu abaninzi bebhidanisa i-michay kunye ne-calafate: zombini zivelisa. amaqunube anombala omnyama, ajonge emsobo okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhakaZiyafana ngobukhulu kunye nenkangeleko xa uqala nje. Nangona kunjalo, ekungcamleni kwabo, kuyacaca ukuba abangcamli ngokufanayo, kwaye kunjalo Zisetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo ekhitshini.
El intlekele Idume kuyo yonke iPatagonia ngenxa yayo Iziqhamo ezityiwayo, ezimnandi nezimnandiAmaqunube, ukusuka umbala omfusa nzuluNgokuqhelekileyo banencasa echazwa njengeswiti ngokuchukumisa okuneasidi kancinane, kodwa ngokubanzi kumnandi kakhulu kwinkalakahla, ilungele ukutya ngqo kwisityalo. Isiko elidumileyo lide lakha a intsomi ejikeleze intlekeleKuthiwa nabani na otya isiqhamo sawo "uhlala ebuyela ePatagonia," eye yanceda ukuba ibe ngumqondiso walo mmandla.
El michayNangona ihlala ingaqatshelwa njengokutya, iyavelisa kwakhona Iziqhamo ezityiwayoAmaqunube ayo ayafana nalawo ecalafate, kodwa incasa yawo iqhelekile i-acidic ngakumbi kwaye iswiti encinciLe asidi ephawulweyo ithetha ukuba zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwimveliso ye iijam, iilekese, iijeli kunye namanye amalungiselelo apho iswekile kunye nokupheka zilinganisa i-asidi kwaye zikhuphe ivumba lesiqhamo, uphawu olwabelwana ngalo kunye nezinye iintlobo zamaqunube njengoko kubonisiwe iimpawu zesiqhamo se-amelanchier.
Iinjineli zezolimo kunye neengcali, ezifana noRodolfo G. Sánchez ovela I-INTA E-Argentina, baye bachaza ngokuchanekileyo loo mahluko: xa kuthelekiswa neziqhamo ze-michay, ezine-acidic ngakumbi kwaye zihlala zihambelana namalungiselelo amnandi, I-Calafate inikeza incasa ethambileyo, emnandi, kunye nethambileyo.ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kokubini kunye nokucutshungulwa kwii-liqueurs, i-ice creams, i-jam okanye i-pastries.
Ezinye izicatshulwa ezifundisayo okanye imiyalezo inokuqulatha iingcebiso Musa ukutya iziqhamo zemichayokanye ubuncinci ungakwenzi oko ngokungakhethiyo, ngelixa intlekele ixoxwa ngaphandle kwemibuzo njengesiqhamo esityiwayo. Oku kudla ngokuba ngenxa ye-a isilumkiso ngokubanzi kunye nokubhideka kwamagama kunayo nayiphi na enye into. Xa kukho isiqiniseko sebhotani ukuba yiBerberis darwinii kwaye isithethe sasekhaya sokusetyenziswa siyaziwa, iziqhamo zayo zithathwa njengento edliwayo, ngendlela efanayo neye-calafate, ehlala ekhumbula ukuba ukunyamezela kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu.
Usetyenziso lwemveli: iidayi, amayeza kunye nexabiso lenkcubeko
Ngaphaya kwetafile, zombini i-michay kunye ne-calafate zidlale indima efanelekileyo kwi usetyenziso lwemveli loluntu lwakumazantsi eChile kunye nePatagoniaAzingomthi nje ovuthuzayo, othwala iziqhamo: kwizizukulwana bezinyanisekile "Iikhemesti" zendalo kunye "nezicoci ezomileyo".
Enye yeempawu zayo ezimangalisayo kukukwazi kwayo ukwenza idayi etyheli eqaqambileyo. la ingcambu kunye nexolo lemichayNgokukodwa, ngokwembali bezisetyenziselwa ukudaya lana kunye nezinye iintsinga zendalo zombala otyheli odlamkileyo. Oku kusetyenziswa kokudaya kwendele nzulu kangangokuba kunxulumene nentsingiselo ethandwa kakhulu ye-michay njenge "induku etyheli", isalathiso esithe ngqo kwithoni yedayi efunyenwe kwisityalo.
Zombini i-michay kunye ne-calafate, kwaye ngokubanzi iintlobo ezininzi ze-Berberis, zine-alkaloid ebizwa ngokuba yi-alkaloid. iberberine, ekhoyo phantse jikelele kwi iirhizomes (iingcambu ezityebileyo) yodidi. IBerberine ibingumxholo wezifundo ezininzi zayo Iimpawu zokulwa neentsholongwane, ngokwesiko esetyenziselwa unyango ezahlukeneyo usulelo lwe-enteric, kuquka iimeko zebhaktiriya segazi.
Ukongeza kwisenzo sayo se-antibacterial, kuye kwachazwa oko IBerberine ibonisa umsebenzi we-antitumor ngokuchasene neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza, obangele umdla kwinkalo yophando lwebhayoloji. Kwiinkqubo zendawo, nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwaba namandla ngakumbi, njengenxalenye yamalungiselelo asekhaya okanye amayeza abantu abanesifo sokugaya kunye nezinye iimeko.
Kwimeko ye michay, kukwakhankanywa ukuba Iintyatyambo zayo ziyatyiwa. kwaye banencasa acidic ngokuphawulekayoOku kuhambelana nencasa yencasa yeziqhamo zayo. Kwiindawo ezininzi, ezi zihlahla zithathwa njengenxalenye ye ilifa le-ethnobotanical Lo mmandla, ikhonkco phakathi kweentyatyambo zasendle kunye nolwazi oluqokelelwe luluntu lwemveli nolwasemaphandleni ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Usasazo, indawo yokuhlala kunye nendima yendalo
Ngokuphathelele ukuhanjiswa kwazo, i-michay kunye ne-calafate zifumaneka ngokwendalo eChile naseArgentinangakumbi kwiindawo emazantsi kunye ne PatagonianKwicala laseChile, imimandla efana eMagallanes, eAntarctica yaseChile naseAysénapho la matyholo ayinxalenye yentlambo yendalo, amahlathi abandayo, kunye nemimandla yotshintsho phakathi kwehlathi kunye namathafa.
Imekobume abaphila kuyo idla ngokubakho ingqele, inomoya kunye nomhlaba ombi okanye onamatyeEzi meko kulapho le mithi yeBerberis ibonisa isakhono esimangalisayo sokuziqhelanisa. Ekubeni zishinyene namatyholo anameva, banikela ikhusi kuzo izilwanyana ezincinci kunye neentaka, kwaye iziqhamo zayo zisebenza njenge umthombo wokutya kwezilwanyana zasendleigalelo ekusasazweni kwembewu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ekukhuleni ngokutsha kwezityalo.
Kwiqela leentlobo ze-Berberis ezikhoyo kwilizwekazi laseChile, into yokuba uninzi lubizwa ngokuba yi-michay kunye nezinye ezininzi i-michay okanye i-calafate ibonisa ubungakanani bamatyholo. idityaniswe kubume benkcubeko kunye nendaloKubemi basekuhlaleni, bayingxenye yendalo yemihla ngemihla: banokubonakala kwiindlela zasemaphandleni, kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye nakwiindawo ezidliwayo, apho ameva abe yindlela yokukhusela esebenzayo malunga nokukhangela imfuyo.
Eli phepha eco-friendly lidityaniswe nexabiso lembonakalo yomhlaba. Ukusuka kwimbono yohombiso, iintlobo ezininzi zeBerberis, kubandakanya i-michay, ziyasetyenziswa Iigadi kunye neepaki eChile, eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe. Umahluko phakathi kombala oluhlaza bumnyama, amagqabi aphantse abengezelayo kunye neqela leentyatyambo ezityheli okanye eziorenji Ixabiswa kakhulu, kwaye kwezinye iigadi zebhotani zaseYurophu iyalinywa ngokuchanekileyo njengesampulu yezityalo ezisemazantsi.
Kubakhenkethi banamhlanje iPatagonia, iqunube lecalafate nalo liye laba umkhenkethi kunye ne-gastronomic iconIkhona kakhulu kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo zeendwendwe: ukusuka kwiitshokholethi ezinencasa kunye neeliqueurs ukuya kwi-ice creams kunye neejam ezineziqhamo. Oku kubaluleka kwenkcubeko yomeleza umdla kwi iyahlula ngokuchanekileyo kwezinye iiBerberis ababelana ngendawo yokuhlala kodwa bengenodumo olufanayo.
I-Michay kunye ne-calafate kwinkcubeko eyaziwayo nakwi-intanethi
Xa ujonga kancinci kwi-intanethi ukhangela ulwazi malunga nezi zityalo, uyaqaphela ukuba uninzi lokubhideka kwangoku kuvela umxube wamagama enzululwazi kunye namagama aqhelekileyoKuqhelekile ukufumana amaphepha athetha ngawo michay njengesithethantonye se-calafate, okanye apho nayiphi na iBerberis eneziqhamo ezimnyama ekhoyo ePatagonia ibizwa nje ngokuba yi "calafate", ngaphandle kokuchaza uhlobo.
Kweminye imibhalo yenzululwazi edumileyo okanye ushicilelo olungelulo olukhethekileyo, kuvela iingxelo eziphikisanayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ubani akholelwe ukuba sisityalo esinye esinamagama amabini ahlukeneyo, ngoxa eneneni engawo. ukuxuba iimpawu zeBerberis darwinii kunye neBerberis microphyllaUmzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwengcambu kunye nexolo lomthi we-michay njengedayi kukhankanyiwe. imibala emthubi eboyeni, aze atsibe ekuchazeni iimpawu ezimnandi zesiqhamo secalafate, ethetha ukuba luhlobo olunye.
Ukongezwa kule meko kukuba, kwiidolophu ezininzi zasePatagoni, abantu babhekisela nje "kwintlekele" ukuyichaza. lonke iqela lamatyholo ohlobo lweBerberis abalufumana kwindawo abakuyo, benciphisa ukuchaneka kwegama lenzululwazi kwinkalo yemfundo. Ngokwale mbono, akumangalisi ukuba nabo bathanda indalo okanye abafundi bezityalo baye babhideke xa bezama ukulungelelanisa oko bakubonayo endle noko bakufunda ezincwadini nakwiiwebhusayithi.
Kwindalo amalinge okhenketho, afana nemisebenzi ye intaka ibukele EPatagonia, ubukho be michay kunye ne calafate bukwahlala kukhankanywa njengenxalenye yezityalo zomthonyama. Amanye amashishini asekuhlaleni okanye iiprojekthi zizama ukucacisela uluntu olundwendwelayo umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwamatyholo amabiniegxininisa, umzekelo, ukuba intlekele inakho ameva kwiziqu kunye neziqhamo ezimnandi, ngelixa i-michay ibonwa ngokuba nayo ameva emagqabini kunye neziqhamo ezinencasa eneasidi ngakumbi.
Kwiiforamu okanye iiblogi zobuqu, akuqhelekanga ukufumana izimvo ezinje "emva kokwenza uphando, ndiye ndabhideka ngakumbi ...". Berberis darwinii njengoko michay sele sele I-Berberis microphylla njenge-calafate, ekhatshwa ngamanqaku abo ukupheka, ukudaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezamayezaEminye yale mibhalo imema ngokuvulelekileyo nabani na onolwazi oluchanekileyo ngakumbi ukuba abelane ngalo, uphawu lokuba isihloko siyaqhubeka nokuvelisa amathandabuzo naphakathi kwabantu abanomdla kwiiflora zendawo.
Konke oku kubalaselisa ukubaluleka kokwahlula ngokucacileyo ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezihambelana ne-michay kunye neyiphi intlekele, ngaphandle kokulibala ukuba Zombini ziyinxalenye yeqela elikhulu leentlobo zeBerberis ekhoyo eChile nasePatagonia, ukwabelana ngeekhompawundi zekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kwemveli kunye nobukho obubonakalayo kwindawo esemazantsi.
Ukuqonda indlela abaziphatha ngayo ameva, amagqabi, iintyatyambo neziqhamo Ngamnye kukuvumela ukuba ubone ezi zihlahlana ngamehlo ahlukeneyo xa uhamba emazantsi elizwekazi. Ukuqonda ukuba intlekele yenye ye ameva amathathu esiqwini kunye nesiqhamo esiswiti esimfusa, ngelixa i-michay ibonakala kakhulu amagqabi spiny, iintyatyambo orenji, kunye neziqhamo acidic ngakumbiIkunceda ukuba uxabise iyantlukwano yezityalo nenkcubeko yalo mmandla. Kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo, ithintela ngaphezu kwentonga yenaliti enye kunye nokuphoxeka kokupheka ekuphazameni isiqhamo esinye nesinye.
