Ukubukela i-conifers kwigadi yakho ithatha a ithoni emdaka kunokubangela inkxalabo, ngakumbi ukuba awuzazi izizathu okanye iindlela zokuyicombulula. ukwenza browning kwi conifers Yenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithi yomsipres (ICompressus), abantu baseArizona (ICompressus arizonica), thujas (thuja), ipayini (Ipeyinti), imisipres (vula, IPicea), iijunipha (IJuniperus) kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuhombisa okanye zehedge conifer. Ukuchonga unobangela kwangethuba kunye nokwenza ngokuchanekileyo kuya kwandisa amathuba okuba ube sempilweni nohlaza lwezityalo zakho.
Oonobangela abaphambili bebrowning kwiiconifers
El umbala we-conifers Idla ngokuphendula ngaphezu kwesizathu esinye. Abanye banjalo okusingqongileyo kwaye ezinye zinento yokwenza nolawulo olulambathayo lokunkcenkceshela, ukunqongophala kwesondlo, ukulima kakubi, nokubonakala komngundo okanye ezinye izinto. AmagciwaneApha sichaza ezona zixhaphakileyo:
- Amanzi agqithisileyo (ukukhukula kwe-substrate): Enye yezona mpazamo zixhaphakileyo kukucinga ukuba ukoma kubangelwa kukunqongophala kwamanzi, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ingxaki yokwenyani kukunkcenkceshela, umhlaba oxineneyo, umhlaba wodongwe, okanye amanzi amdaka. Oku kuhlumisa imingxuma yomhlaba ngamanzi kwaye kushenxise ioksijini efunwa ziingcambu.
- Ukungangeni komoya kakubi okanye ukugangatheka okugqithisileyo komhlaba: Ukutyala okuxineneyo ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungabikho komsebenzi wokwemba kuthintela iingcambu ekubeni zifumane umoya owaneleyo, nto leyo edala indawo apho izifo zikhula khona.
- Uhlaselo lwe-pathogenic fungi: El IPhytophthora cinnamomi kunye I-Seiridium cardinale Zezona nzame zixhaphakileyo zokwenziwa mdaka nokomisa kwamasebe neengcambu.
- Ukunqongophala kwezondlo: Ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium, i-iron, okanye i-nitrogen kubangela ukuphuzi kunye nokoma okulandelayo. I-magnesium enganelanga ihlala ibonakalisa njengeziphelo ezingenayo.
- Ukuthenwa kakubi okanye ukuthena ngokugqithisileyo: Ubuchule obugwenxa bunokushiya amagqabi ambalwa angaphakathi, yaye ekubeni ukukhanya kungafikeleli ngaphakathi, ezi ndawo zoma.
- Uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu ngesiquphe: Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ukunkcenkceshela ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezomileyo kunokuba nefuthe elifanayo nokunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo, ngakumbi ukuba ukunkcenkceshela kuninzi emva kweli xesha, apho iingcambu ezomileyo azikwazi ukufunxa.
- Ukhuphiswano lwendawo kunye nemithombo: Ukutyala ngokusondeleleneyo kuthintela isityalo ngasinye ekufumaneni umoya, izondlo kunye nendawo esiyifunayo.
- Ubukho bezinambuzane kunye namanxeba: Umonakalo obangelwa zizinambuzane okanye ezinye izinto zikhetha ukungena kweentsholongwane.
Uyibona njani ingxaki echaphazela iiconifers zakho
Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kokoma okubangelwa kukungonelanga okanye ukunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu, ukunqongophala kwezondlo, okanye ubukho besifo. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunobangela. Phawula:
- Browning ukusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle: Ngokuqhelekileyo ziyifungi, ngakumbi Phytophthora, echaphazela kuqala iingcambu kwaye iqhubele phambili ukuya ngaphakathi ukuya kumahlamvu angaphandle.
- I-Browning yeengcebiso ngaphakathi: Okuqhelekileyo kukusilela kwe-magnesium okanye uxinzelelo lwamanzi, isithsaba kunye nemiphetho yangaphandle yomile kuqala.
- Ubukho bamanxeba abomvu ane-resin: Zibonisa uhlaselo lomngundo Seiridium; i-cankers emdaka okanye ebomvu kunye namasebe omileyo apha ngasentla ayimpawu.
- IBrown kuphela kwisiseko naphakathi: Isenokunxulunyaniswa nokuthenwa kakubi okanye ukungabikho kokukhanya ngaphakathi.
- Ukubola kweengcambu okanye ukwenza mnyama: Amanzi amaninzi / ingxaki yokungunda.
Iifungus kunye nezifo eziqhelekileyo
Amakhowa Phytophthora y Seiridium Bathatha ithuba lobuthathaka obubangelwa kukufuma okugqithisileyo, amanxeba okanye ukungalingani emhlabeni ukuhlasela iiconifers:
- I-Phytophthora cinnamomi: Ingena ngamanxeba kwiingcambu zesibini, ezifunxa amanzi kunye nezondlo, kwaye zihlasele isityalo sonke. I-browning iqala ngaphakathi kwaye ihlala ihamba kunye nevumba elingathandekiyo kwiingcambu kunye neendawo ezimnyama okanye ezimnyama. Inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwizityalo ezikufutshane, kuquka ingca.
- I-Seiridium cardinale: Ngokuyintloko ichaphazela i-trunk kunye namasebe, ithatha inzuzo yamanxeba okanye ukusika okwenziwe kakubi. Iindawo ezisulelekileyo zenza inxeba elibomvu, elinentlaka, apho isebe loma ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba i-fungus ishiywe ingajongwa, isasazeka kwisityalo sonke kwaye inokusasazeka lula.
Zombini usulelo luhlala lubambekile emhlabeni kwaye lubonakala kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezincomekayo, ezinjengomhlaba ongakhutshelwanga kakuhle okanye amanxeba akutshanje.
Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuphepha ukwenza browning
- Lawula ukunkcenkceshela: Nkcenkceshela kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kwaye ugweme ukumanzisa i-trunk. Ukuba unemigca yokuthontsiza, kufuneka ibe zii-intshi ezimbalwa ukusuka esiqwini.
- Jonga kwaye uphucule ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi: Qinisekisa ukuba umngxuma wokutyala okanye indawo inemijelo efanelekileyo; kudongwe okanye kumhlaba onzima, sebenzisa umhlaba ovunduvundu okanye oyisanti. Kuphephe ukutyala iiconifers kumhlaba onamanzi.
- Indawo ngokufanelekileyo: Hlonipha inkqubo yokutyala, ngakumbi kwiheji, ukuqinisekisa ukwandiswa kweengcambu ngokufanelekileyo.
- Yenza ukugrumba rhoqo: Ukuphefumla umhlaba ngokungaphaya kuphucula ioksijini kwindawo yeengcambu.
- Sebenzisa izichumisi ezifanelekileyo: Dibanisa izichumisi kunye nemagnesium, intsimbi, kunye nezichumisi ezikhupha kancinci emhlabeni. Sebenzisa izichumisi zamagqabi ukuvuselela uhlaza kwakhona, nangona khumbula ukuba azikwazi ukulungisa unobangela.
- Ukuthena ngokuchanekileyo: Ukuthena ukusuka phezulu, ukushiya amasebe kwisiseko ixesha elide, kuvumela ukukhanya kwelanga okungcono. Gcina izixhobo zibukhali kwaye zicocekile ukuphepha usulelo lomngundo.
- Susa inkunkuma eyosulelekileyo: Susa onke amasebe afileyo okanye anesifo kunye namagqabi kwaye uwalahle ngaphandle kwegadi.
- Yamkela unyango lothintelo: Faka i-conifer-specific fungicides kabini ngonyaka, zombini entwasahlobo nasekwindla, uhlala ulandela iingcebiso zomenzi kwaye wenze unyango oluninzi ukuba inkqubela phambili iyakhathaza.
Ukuchumisa kunye nezivuseleli kwimpilo ye-conifers
- Ukuthintela ukongezelela i-magnesium ukuthintela iintsilelo eziqhelekileyo. Isicelo sonyaka sinokwanela kwiiconifers eziphilileyo. Ukuba isityalo sele sibonakala somile ukusuka ngaphandle ngaphakathi, sebenzisa isichumisi esityebileyo se-magnesium kwaye uphinde njengoko uyalelwe.
- Faka iifoliar amino acids entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha.
- Faka iasidi emhlabeni ukuba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-iron sulfate, ilungele ukugcina uhlaza kunye nokulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo izondlo.
- Sebenzisa izichumisi ezikhutshwa kancinci kwingcambu kwaye incediswe ngezichumisi ze-granulated okanye ezinomgubo kunye namanzi okunkcenkceshela okanye phezu komhlaba ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela, ngakumbi emva kokufumanisa ukusilela.
Unyango lwe-Phytosanitary kunye nokuthintela umngundo
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe unyango inkqubo yokubulala ukungunda Unyango olukhuselayo kunye nonyango, njengemveliso esekelwe kwi-fosetyl aluminium okanye i-potassium phosphonate. Kwiimeko ezithile, qhagamshelana namaziko egadi okanye iilebhu ze-phytosanitary, ezinokuthi zihlukanise i-agent causative kwaye zicebise imveliso efanelekileyo kakhulu.
- I-Phytophthora kunye neSeiridium: Faka izicelo ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngonyaka kunye nemichiza yokungunda ecetyiswayo kwiheji kunye ne-conifers, ngakumbi ngamaxesha okufuma okuphezulu okanye ubushushu.
- Amanxeba: Coca i-rust kunye ne-cankers nge-blade ebukhali kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwindawo ngokufaka intlama yokuphilisa.
Khumbula ukuba ungaze utyale enye i-conifer emhlabeni apho umntu uye wafa ngenxa yayo PhytophthoraUsulelo lunokuhlala lufihlile kwi-substrate ixesha elide.
Iingqwalasela ezongezelelweyo zokukhuliswa kweeheji ze-conifer
Ukutyala izityalo ezininzi kakhulu kunye Inokukhuthaza ukwenziwa mdaka ngokunciphisa izixhobo kunye nokungena umoya. Umhlaba ovundisiweyo, ongadityaniswanga, ukuchumisa rhoqo, kunye nonyango olukhuselayo luya kwenza uthango lube namandla kwaye lube nempilo. Ungalibali ukugcina indawo efanelekileyo yokutyala kwaye udibanise rhoqo kwizinto eziphilayo okanye izichumisi zeminerali.
Ukunkcenkceshela ngokuzenzekelayo kunconywa kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo kunye nokulungelelanisa inani kunye nokuphindaphinda ngokwexesha lonyaka.
