umthi wom-amangile (IPrunus dulcis) ngumthi weziqhamo ovuthulukayo owaziwa ngeentyatyambo zawo ezinevumba elimnandi kunye neziqhamo ezimnandi. Nangona inobomi obuninzi, ekuhambeni kweminyaka iqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokuguga: amasebe omileyo, imveliso ephantsi, kunye nokuba sesichengeni esikhulu kwizinambuzane kunye nezifo. Ngoko ke, ukufunda Indlela yokuthena ngokufanelekileyo umthi omdala we-almond Ingundoqo ekubuyiseleni amandla, ukuvuselela iintyatyambo kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukuthena umthi omdala wom-amangile?
Ukuthena umthi omdala we-almond awufuni nje injongo yobuhle, kodwa kwakhona ukubuyisela amandla ayo okuvelisa kwaye yandise ubomi bayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuqokelela amasebe afileyo, anesifo, okanye axinene ngokugqithisileyo avala ukukhanya kwaye athintele ukuhamba komoya, okonyusa umngcipheko wezifo. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba ayikhange ifumane ulungiso oluthe gqolo, ukwakheka kwayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba iphulukene nolungelelwano kunye namandla.
Ezona zizathu ziphambili zokwenza a ukuthenwa ngokutsha kwemithi yealmondi emidala faka:
- Buyisa imithi ebuthathaka okanye enesifo, ukubuyisela amandla abo.
- Susa amasebe afileyo, omileyo, agulayo okanye awonakeleyo oko kunokusasaza iingxaki kuwo wonke umthi.
- Ukuphucula ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokujikeleza komoya, ukuthintela izinambuzane kunye nefungi.
- Ukuvuselela ukubonakala kwamasebe amatsha kunye namahlumela, kubalulekile kwimveliso elungileyo yexesha elizayo.
- Lungisa ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwendebe ukuququzelela ukuvuna kunye neminye imisebenzi yezolimo.
Ukuba umthi wakho we-almond ubonisa iimpawu ezifana nokuncipha, ukuveliswa okuphantsi okanye ukungabikho, amasebe omileyo, ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane rhoqo (ezifana ne-aphid), okanye uvele ungahoywa iminyaka, ukuthenwa ngokutsha ngenye yezona zisombululo.
Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokuthena imithi yealmondi emidala?
El elona xesha lilungileyo lokuthena umthi omdala wom-amangile Kungexesha lokuphumla kwezityalo, oko kukuthi, xa umthi ulahlekelwe ngamagqabi kwaye ulele. Eli xesha lidla ngokuqala kwi ekwindla kude kube phambi kokuqhawuka kwamathupha entlakohlazaUkuthena ngeli xesha kunciphisa uxinzelelo emthini kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungunda okanye usulelo lwebhaktheriya olunokuthi lungene ngamanxeba okuthena.
Kwimozulu epholileyo, abanye abantu bathena kancinci ekuqaleni kokuwa. Nangona kunjalo, i ukuthena kwakhona-okubandakanya ukusika okubalulekileyo-kufuneka kuhlale kuphetshwa ngexesha lokukhula ngokupheleleyo okanye ngaphambi nje kweqabaka, njengoko oku kwandisa umngcipheko womonakalo kunye nezifo.
- Ebusika ekupheleni okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: Ixesha elifanelekileyo xa umthi ulele kodwa usondele ekubeni usebenze, uququzelela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ziphephe iintsuku ezifumileyo kakhulu, ezinemvula okanye ezineqabaka: ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-pathogens.
Iintlobo zokuthena ezisebenzayo kumthi we-almond kunye nomsebenzi wawo
Kumjikelo wobomi bomthi we-almond kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthena, nganye inenjongo ethile:
- Uqeqesho lokuthena: Kwenziwa kwiminyaka yokuqala ukuchaza isakhiwo esisisiseko kunye nokuvula i-canopy. Ayisebenzi kwimithi emidala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela umthi okhule ngayo.
- Imveliso okanye ukuthena iziqhamo: Yenziwa kwimithi yabantu abadala ukugcina ukumila kwayo, ukuphelisa amasebe angavelisi mveliso nokuhlaziya iinkuni ezithwala iziqhamo.
- Ukuhlaziya okanye ukuthena ngokutsha: Yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuthena imithi yealmondi emidala okanye eshiyiweyo. Kubandakanya ukuthenwa okuqatha ukuzama ukubuyisela amandla omthi wemveliso kunye namandla.
- Ukuprintwa kuluhlaza: Iqhutywa emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo kunye nokuvuna iziqhamo. Amahlumela amaninzi okanye amahlumela amancinci ayasuswa ukuze aphephe ukuchithwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemithombo.
La ukuthena kwakhona Ngoko ke, yinkqubo enzima ekufuneka yenziwe kuphela xa umthi wom-amangile ubonisa iimpawu ezicacileyo zokuwohloka, kungekhona ngenxa yesiqhelo okanye izizathu zobuhle.
Indlela yokwenza i-rejuvenation pruning inyathelo ngenyathelo?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthena, kubalulekile ukujonga imeko yomthi jikelele, uchonge amasebe aphambili, kwaye ucwangcise ukusika ukuphepha ukuwenza buthathaka kakhulu. La ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo:
- Susa zonke iinkuni ezifileyo okanye ezigulayo: Sebenzisa izikere ezibukhali, ezicocekileyo zokuthena ukususa amasebe afileyo, awonakeleyo okanye awosulelwe zizifo. Oku kuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo kwaye kunceda ekuchongeni indlela ophila ngayo umthi.
- Khetha amasebe aphambili: Shiya kuphela amasebe aphambili ama-3 ukuya kuma-5, atyebe ngokwaneleyo (malunga ne-7 cm), asuka esiqwini kwaye ekwimeko entle. Ezi ziya kusebenza njengesiseko sohlumo olutsha.
- Susa amasebe angaphakathi, anqamlezayo okanye aphantsi kakhulu: Amasebe akhulela ngaphakathi, adibanisa, okanye avela kwindawo ephakamileyo ephantsi athintela ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kwaye athintele ukufikelela kokukhanya, ngoko kufuneka asuswe.
- Nciphisa ubude bamasebe aphambili: Sika amasebe akhethiweyo kubude obumalunga nesiqingatha semitha. Oku kuya kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamatsha, amahlumela amancinci.
- Faka intlama yokuphilisa kumanxeba amakhulu: Kumasebe ashinyeneyo (amakhudlwana kune-5 cm), gquma amanxeba ngentlama okanye i-sealant eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo imithi yeziqhamo. Oku kukhusela kusulelo kunye nesantya sokuphilisa.
- Jonga umthi emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa: Qwalasela indlela osabela ngayo umthi wom-amangile, ususa amagqabi abuthathaka uze ukhethe awona omeleleyo ukuze uchaze isakhiwo esitsha kumaxesha onyaka alandelayo.
Iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo kunye noLondolozo lwasemva
La ukuthena kwakhona Lungenelelo olumandla kwaye lubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kumthi omdala wom-amangile. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa kuyimfuneko, ngononophelo olugqithisileyo emva koko:
- Kuphephe ukuthenwa ngokugqithisileyo kumasebe ashinyene kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-10 cm ububanzi): Zisenokubangela amanxeba ekunzima ukuphola ade abangele ukufa kwenxalenye yomthi.
- Soloko ubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo phambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye: ngotywala, ibleach diluted okanye iimveliso ezithile, ukuphepha ukusasaza umngundo okanye ibhaktheriya.
- Qaphela ukubonakala kweesuckers kunye namahlumela abuthathaka: susa ezo zingeyomfuneko ukwalathisa ukubunjwa okutsha kwendebe.
- Nkcenkceshela kwaye uchume ngokuphakathi emva kokuthena: inceda umthi ukuba uphile, kodwa uphepha ukugqithisa okunokukhuthaza umngundo.
- Lawula izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo: Imithi emidala yealmondi, ingakumbi, ithande ukuba sesichengeni emva kokuthenwa kakhulu, intwala ibe yenye yezona zixhaphakileyo. Ungajongana nenqaku lethu ingcongconi yealmond eluhlaza ukubhaqa kunye nokunyanga ezi ngxaki kwangethuba.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo emva kokuthena kunye nendlela yokuzisombulula
Emva kokuthena kakhulu, kuqhelekile ukujonga iimpendulo ezithile ezifuna ingqalelo:
- Ukwanda okugqithisileyo kwamahlumelo (i-suckers): Khetha kuphela ezona zisempilweni kunye nezona zinobuchule, ushenxise ezinye ukuthintela ukukhula kokuphazamiseka.
- Amanxeba angapholi kakuhle: Phinda usebenzise intlama yokuphilisa kwaye ujonge ngamaxesha athile. Ukuba iimpawu zokubola zivela, susa indawo echaphazelekayo.
- Izibetho kunye nezifo: Emva kokuthenwa, umthi wom-amangile unokuba buthathaka. Sebenzisa unyango lothintelo lwendalo kwaye ugcine indawo ingenankunkuma yezityalo.
- Ilahleko yethutyana yemveliso: Kuqhelekile ukuba isivuno sibe lula kunyaka wokuqala emva kokuthena. Ukubuyiswa kunye nokwanda kwesivuno kuya kubonakala kwixesha lesibini nelesithathu.
Uguquka njani umthi wom-amangile emva kokuthenwa kakhulu
Inkqubo yokubuyisela umthi wom-amangile othenwe kakhulu ibandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi kwaye ifuna umonde:
- Unyaka wokuqala: Umthi udla ngokuhluma ngamandla. Isenokuphinda ihlaselwe ziintwala, kodwa amandla ayo ahlaziyiweyo ayivumela ukuba izikhusele kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukususa amahlumela abuthathaka kunye nokukhokela ukubunjwa kwesithsaba esitsha.
- Unyaka wesibini: Amasebe amatsha aqala ukudumba, kwaye nangona imveliso ingekho phezulu, iye yanda xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo.
- Unyaka wesithathu: Icanopy ngoku ifikelele kwinqanaba elihle lokukhula, kwaye imveliso yealmondi iye yachacha ubukhulu becala, idibanisa ukufunyanwa kwakhona komthi wom-amangile.
Ngexesha lale nkqubo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuthena okuncinci ukulungiselela ukugcinwa kunye nokukhusela, kunye nokusebenzisa unyango lothintelo lwezinambuzane. Unokujongana nenqaku lethu indlela yokuthena umthi wom-amangile kwiingcebiso ezithile.
Ukuthena umthi omdala wom-amangile kunokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ikamva lomthi, kubuyisele amandla awo, impilo yawo nemveliso yawo. Ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, ngolwazi, kunye nomonde kuya kukuvumela ukuba ujabulele ubukho kunye neziqhamo zalo mthi ohloniphekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.