Ubukho be imoth yepoplar kwiUpper Valley Ukufunyanwa kwale zinambuzane kutshanje kwimithi ye-poplar kufutshane neendawo zemveliso kubangele ukuba kubekho iingxolo zempilo phakathi kwixesha lokuvunwa kweziqhamo. Oku kunyanzele abasemagunyeni ukuba bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko angakumbi kwaye baqinise imigaqo yokubeka esweni kulo mmandla.
Iiarhente zobugcisa zilumkisa ukuba le ayisiyongxaki yamahlathi kuphela: I-Leucoptera sinuellaNangona ihlasela ngokuthe ngqo imithi ye-poplar, inokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yeziqhamo ngenxa yokumelana nokukhula kwayo. iimfuno zokuvalelwa wedwa kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, ingakumbi kurhwebo lwangaphandle lweziqhamo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kobhubhane olutsha kwi-Upper Valley
El I-Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria (INTA) kunye INkonzo yeSizwe yezeMpilo noMgangatho wezoLimo (iSenasa) Kutshanje baqinisekisile ukuba kukho i-poplar moth e- amakhethini emithi ye-poplar kufutshane neCampo Grandekwiphondo laseRÃo Negro. Oku kufunyaniswe emva kothotho lwemisebenzi ethile yokubeka esweni eyenziweyo phakathi evekini.
Imbonakalo yale ngqwalasela iyaqwalaselwa ethe tye ngakumbi Oku kungenxa yokuba kuhambelana nokuqala kokuvuna, ixesha apho ukuhamba kweziqhamo, iilori, oomatshini, kunye nabasebenzi phakathi kweefama kunye neendawo zokuqokelela izinto kukhula kakhulu. Ngokutsho kweengcali, olu xinzelelo luninzi lwenza kube lula ukusasazeka kwezinambuzane ngokungacwangciswanga.
Ngokutsho komphandi wezempilo yezityalo e-INTA Alto Valle, USilvina GarridoI-poplar moth yayisele irekhodwe kulo mmandla e- NgoFebruwari 2023, xa yaqala ukufunyaniswa kwindawo I-Chos MalalUbhubhane olufunyenweyo ngoku kufutshane neCampo Grande lubonisa i- uphawu olutsha lokwanda nto leyo edinga ukuqinisa iinkqubo zolawulo.
Abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukuba le ngxelo intsha ayilotyala likhethekileyo, kodwa iyinxalenye yokubeka esweni okuqhubekayo okuye kwenziwa ukusukela oko kwafunyanwa esi sifo ePatagonia. Injongo kukucothisa ukusasazeka ngaphambi kokuba imile kwiindawo ezinemveliso ngakumbi kwi-Upper Valley.
Indlela i-poplar moth esasazeka ngayo kwi-Upper Valley
Ngokutsho kweengcali, Ukusasazwa kweLeucoptera sinuella Kwenzeka ngenxa yokudibana kwezinto ezibangelwa ngabantu kunye nendalo. Kwinqanaba lomntu, iipupae zinokuhamba zingabonwa izithuthi ezihamba phakathi kweefama: iiveni, iimoto zabucala, iilori zemithwalo okanye oomatshini bezolimo.
Ezi ntshukumo, eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuvuna, zonyusa amathuba okuba isinambuzane sisuke kwenye intsimi siye kwenye, ingakumbi xa izithuthi zimi kufutshane. amakhethini eepoplar ezichaphazelekileyo okanye elunxwemeni apho kuqokelelwa khona iziqhamo ezisandul’ ukuvunwa.
Ngokuphathelele izinto zendalo, umphandi we-INTA ugxininisa ukuba imithi yepoplar ngokwayo isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwamanqaku ahlukeneyo entlambo. Imithi yepoplar idla ngokulandela indlela yemilambo kunye nemijelo yokunkcenkceshela edibanisa iidolophu ezifana neChos Malal kunye neCampo Grande, idala iindlela eziluhlaza ngokwenene apho esi sifo sinokusasazeka khona.
Le ndibaniselwano ye ukuhambahamba okukhulu komntu Ukuqhubeka kweendawo zamahlathi kuvumela i-moth ukuba ifumane iindawo ezintsha zokuzinza. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni bacebisa ukuba kungananzwa kuphela kwiindawo zamahlathi ezikufutshane negadi yeziqhamo, kodwa nakwimigca yemithi ye-poplar ejikeleze iindlela zasemaphandleni kunye neendlela zamanzi.
Umonakalo obonakalayo kunye neempawu kwimithi ye-poplar
Ngexesha lophando olwenziwe yi-INTA kunye neSenasa, kufunyenwe oku kulandelayo: iimpawu ezicacileyo zohlaselo ye-poplar moth kumagqabi ee-windbreakers kufutshane neCampo Grande. Phakathi kweempawu eziphawulekayo ezibonweyo yayizi i-necrosis ebonakalayo kwi-blade yegqabi, ezityhila umsebenzi weempungutye ngaphakathi kwizicubu zesityalo.
Kwakhona, kwi ngaphantsi kwamagqabi Kufunyenwe iipupae ezimhlophe ezigqunywe ngemicu, zinomfanekiso okhethekileyo ofana no "H". Olu phawu lokwakheka kwezityalo yenye yezinto ezenza kube lula ukuchongwa kohlobo lwezilwanyana ezikwintsimi kwaye luvumela ukuba zahlulwe kwezinye izinambuzane ezinamagqabi.
Nangona umonakalo othe ngqo ugxile kwimithi ye-poplar, ukubakho kwezi mpawu kufutshane neendawo zemveliso kubangela inkxalabo kubavelisi, kuba ukufumanisa nje izinambuzane kunokwanela sebenzisa imiqathango yorhwebo kwiindawo ezithile zokuthumela ngaphandle.
Enyanisweni, ii-arhente zesizwe zithi kukho imbali yokungamkeleki kokuthunyelwa kweziqhamo eChile inxulunyaniswa nokuba khona kwale ntsholongwane, into ebeka emngciphekweni ukubaluleka kokugcina i-Upper Valley iphantsi kweliso elibukhali ukuze kukhuselwe igama lococeko lwale ndawo.
Iingozi ekukhuliseni iziqhamo kunye norhwebo lwangaphandle
Kwinqanaba lemveliso, i-poplar moth ithathwa njenge ubhubhane wehlathikuba eyona nto ibangela ukuba ifumaneke yimithi ye-poplar esetyenziswa njengezaphulelo zomoya okanye njengenxalenye yendawo engasecaleni komlambo. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yayo idlula kakhulu kwicandelo lezamahlathi kwaye ichaphazela ngqo ukulima iziqhamo.
Isizathu asikokonakala ngqo kwemithi yeziqhamo, kodwa imeko yokuvalelwa enxulumene nesini Kwiimarike ezifuna kakhulu ezifana ne-United States nezinye iindawo ezinexabiso eliphezulu, ukubakho nje kwe-Leucoptera sinuella kwindawo yemveliso kunokubangela ulawulo olongezelelweyo, ukulibaziseka kwempahla, okanye ukwaliwa kokuthunyelwa.
Kwingingqi exhomekeke kakhulu kwi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweziqhamo zepome kunye nelityeNasiphi na isithintelo sinefuthe elikhawulezileyo kwingeniso yabavelisi, izityalo zokupakisha, kunye neenkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe. Ke ngoko, iiarhente zobugcisa zigxininisa ukuba ukulwa nesi sinambuzane, ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwingeniso umba wokukhuphisana kwezorhwebo ukongeza kumngeni wezempilo.
Kule meko, ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwamaziko, iinkampani kunye nabavelisi lubalulekile gcina imeko yococeko lwezityalo ye-Upper Valley kwaye ithintele i-poplar moth ekubeni ngumthombo ophindaphindiweyo wengxabano neemarike eziya kwiindawo ekuyiwa kuzo.
Iingcebiso kubavelisi kunye nabathuthi
Emva kokuqinisekiswa kobhubhane olutsha, i-INTA Alto Valle kunye neSenasa bakhuphe uthotho lwe iingcebiso ezisebenzayo Ijolise ikakhulu kubavelisi, abathuthi, kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza kwiifama nakwiindawo zokuqokelela. Injongo yile ukunciphisa amathuba okusasazeka kwisibetho.
Okokuqala, kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo amakhethini emithi ye-poplar ajikelezileyo okanye zikufutshane neendawo ezibalulekileyo: iindawo zokuqokelelwa kweziqhamo ezisandula ukuvunwa, iindawo zokupaka iilori, ukufikelela kwizikhululo zokulinganisa kunye neendawo ezinezithuthi ezininzi.
Ukuba kufunyenwe iimpawu ezirhanelekayo, ezinje ngamagqabi ane-necrosis okanye ii-pupae ezimhlophe ngaphantsi, isilumkiso kukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo ngoko nangoko ukucheba nokususa ngokupheleleyo izinto ezichaphazelekileyoOlu qheliselo lujonge ukutshabalalisa iimbungu kunye neempungutye ngaphambi kokuba zivelise izizukulwana ezintsha zabantu abadala abakwaziyo ukwandisa ubhubhane.
Amagunya ezempilo akhumbuza wonke umntu ngokubaluleka kokuhlolwa rhoqo izithuthi kunye nezixhobo ezihlala zipakishwe phantsi kweendlela ezingqongwe yimithi, kunye nokuphepha, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndawo njengendawo yokupaka ixesha elide ngamaxesha omngcipheko omkhulu.
Kwangaxeshanye, kugxininiswa kwimfuneko yokuba naziphi na iziphumo zidluliselwe ngokukhawuleza kwiinkonzo zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo. Isaziso kwangethuba Ivumela ukuhlelwa kweempendulo ezidibeneyo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunqunyulwa kweendawo ezibanzi zokungenelela ezijikeleze ingqwalasela yokuqala.
Izixhobo zokulawula kunye nendima yokufumanisa kwangethuba
Ukongeza kwiindlela zokulinganisa inkcubeko, ii-arhente zesizwe zibike ukuba ngexesha NgoJanuwari 2026 ukuhlaziywa kuya kuqhubeka ukugunyaziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezibhalisiweyo ngokukodwa ukulawula iLeucoptera sinuella kwiipoplar, ehlala ikwisakhelo solawulo sangoku.
Ezi mveliso zithathwa njenge isixhobo esongezelelweyo ngokweendlela zolawulo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kuhlengahlengiswe ngokweengcebiso zobugcisa ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki zokuxhathisa, kuncitshiswe iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwaye kukhuselwe izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo ezikhoyo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-INTA igxininisa ukuba ukufumanisa kwangoko Ihlala iyinto ephambili kwisicwangciso solawulo. Ukuchonga ukuqhambuka kwezifo kwisigaba sokuqala kuvumela ukuba kubekho ukungenelela okujoliswe ngakumbi nokusebenzayo, ngeendleko eziphantsi zoqoqosho kunye nempembelelo encinci kwinkqubo yemveliso.
El iliso elicwangcisiweyo Ukubeka iliso kwimithi ye-poplar, kwiifama zeziqhamo nakwiindawo ezikufutshane nedolophu nakwiindlela zokuhamba rhoqo, ngumsebenzi ongenakuphepheka kwabo basebenza kulo mmandla. Olu kubeka iliso alupheleli nje kwiingcali kunye neearhente zikarhulumente: abavelisi ngokwabo kunye namaqela abo omsebenzi, ngokusebenzayo, ngabokuqala ukubona utshintsho olungathandabuzekiyo kwimithi.
Nangona ukujongwa kobhubhane eCampo Grande nakwiindawo ezikufutshane kusasebenza, abasemagunyeni bakhumbuza wonke umntu ukuba ukulawula i-poplar moth yinto eqhelekileyo. ukwabelana ngoxanduvaapho ikhonkco ngalinye elikuluhlu—ukusuka efama ukuya kwamanye amazwe—lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo ye-Upper Valley.
Imeko ebangelwe yimoth yepoplar kwi-Upper Valley igxininisa indlela izinambuzane ezihlala ngayo kwindawo ethile e- amakhethini ehlathi Oku kunokuba nemiphumo kulo lonke icandelo lokulima iziqhamo kulo mmandla. Ukudibana kokubeka esweni rhoqo, ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kwezinto ezichaphazelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokunenkathalo kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezigunyazisiweyo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa okukhawulezayo phakathi kwabavelisi, iingcali kunye neengcali kuvela njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oku. ukulawula inkqubela yayo nokunciphisa impembelelo yayo malunga nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye nomfanekiso wempilo wenye yeendawo eziphambili zokulima iziqhamo kweli lizwe.