Ukuba unendlu eluhlaza (okanye ndicinga ngokuyihlanganisaKwaye ukuba ufuna ukufumana okuninzi kuyo, udinga iimbiza zeentyantyambo ezingaphezu kwezine kunye neenjongo ezintle: udinga isicwangciso esicacileyo sento omawuyityale, ixesha omawuyenze ngalo, kunye nendlela yokunyamekela isityalo ngasinye. kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Injongo ayikokuzisa intwasahlobo nje kuphela, kodwa kukwenza i-greenhouse ibe yintliziyo yesondlo sakho sonyaka wonke semifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno.
Ngaso sonke esi sikhokelo uya kufumana isicwangciso senyanga nenyanga, ngokwexesha lonyaka, ngohlobo lwesivuno, kwanangokwezigaba zenyangaKunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokulungisa kunye neengcebiso ezininzi ezisebenzayo zokulawula ubushushu, ukufuma, izinambuzane, kunye nomhlaba, eli nqaku lide nelineenkcukacha lisikhokelo esihle sokubhekisa, nokuba uqala ekuqaleni okanye unamava eminyaka emininzi yokulwa nezityalo kunye neqabaka eliyingozi.
Kutheni ikhalenda ekhulayo ilulwalamano oluhle kakhulu lwegreenhouse yakho
Indlu eluhlaza ayisiyondawo nje yokutyela imifuno yangaphakathi: yindlu I-microclimate elawulwayo apho ugqiba khona ukukhanya, ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nesantya sokukhula kwesivunoNgaphandle kweshedyuli ecacileyo, kulula ukungayiboni imihla ebekiweyo, ukuxinana kwezityalo, ukuphelisa umhlaba, okanye ukugqibela uneendawo zokulala ezingenanto ezinokuvelisa.
Ngesicwangciso sonyaka esicingisiswe kakuhle ungenza Qhagamshelanisa ukutyala nokufaka izityalo ukuze kuhlale kukho into ekhulayo nento evunwayoukuphepha iincopho eziqhelekileyo zobuninzi (iintaba ze-zucchini ngaxeshanye) zilandelwa ziinyanga zokunqongophala. Ngaphezu koko, ikhalenda ikuvumela ukuba uhlele ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo kunye nemibutho ezikhusela umhlaba, zinciphisa izifo, kwaye ziphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nezondlo. Ukuze ufumane izimvo malunga nendlela yokucwangcisa uyilo kunye nokusebenzisa kakuhle indawo, jonga izifundo malunga ukusasazwa kwezityalo zezityalo.
Akukho malunga nokulandela inkqubo eqinileyo, kodwa malunga nokusebenzisa esi sikhokelo njengesikhokelo kunye Yilungelelanise nemozulu yasekuhlaleni, ubungakanani bendlu yakho yokugcina izityalo, kunye nohlobo lomntu ofuna ukuba ngumlimi.: ukuzimela ngakumbi, uvavanyo olungakumbi, okanye olusebenzayo nolulula ngakumbi.
Iintlobo zezindlu zokugcina izityalo kunye nempembelelo yazo kwinto onokuyityala
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutyala, kubalulekile ukuba ucacelwe ukuba yintoni Luhlobo luni lwesakhiwo olucingayo?kuba ukuba uza kukwazi kangakanani kuxhomekeke kuyo. ukwandisa ixesha lonyaka, zeziphi izityalo eziza kuxhasa kakuhle, kwaye loluphi utyalo-mali olufunekayo ekufudumaleni okanye emthunzini.
Iglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yakudala
Iigreenhouse zeglasi zezona ziqhelekileyo: Ukukhanya okuninzi kwendalo, i-inertia ephezulu yobushushu, kunye nobuhle obungenasiphakoZilungele izityalo ezifuna amanqanaba aphezulu okukhanya (iitamati, ipepile, iintyatyambo ezithambileyo), kwaye zivumela amaqondo obushushu azinzileyo ukuba zivaliwe ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zifuna ukulungiswa okungakumbi (ukucoca iglasi, ukujonga izitywini) kunye notyalo-mali oluphezulu lokuqala.
Izindlu zeplastiki
Izakhiwo ezineengubo zeplastiki (i-polyethylene, i-polycarbonate, njl.njl.) zezona zikhethwa kakhulu kuba Zibonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lemali kwaye ziyaziqhelanisa phantse nayo nayiphi na indawoIplastiki igcina ubushushu kakuhle, nangona inokonakala kwaye ilahlekelwe kukukhanya ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke amashiti kufuneka atshintshwe xa kuyimfuneko. Kwiigadi ezininzi zasekhaya, Umngxuma weplastiki okanye ibhuthi yanele ukuba nemifuno unyaka wonke.
Iigreenhouse zemijelo
Iitonela ezikhulayo zizakhiwo ezineegophe, ezidla ngokwenziwa ngesinyithi, zigqunywe ngeplastiki eguquguqukayo. Ifanelekile kwiindawo eziphakathi okanye ezinkulu kwaye ilungelelaniswe kakhulu kwimifunoUkuhlanganiswa kwayo kulula kakhulu, ixabiso ngemitha yesikwere liphantsi, kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa koomatshini kweminye imisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa qinisekisa ukuba umoya ungena kakuhlekuba zishushu ngokukhawuleza entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni.
Indlela yokuseta i-greenhouse ukuze izityalo zikhule kakuhle
Isakhiwo esihle esingagcinwanga kakuhle siba yi-oven ehlotyeni size sibe yifriji ebusika. Yiyo loo nto, ngaphaya kophahla, kubalulekile. Beka indlu eluhlaza kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye uyixhobise ngeenkqubo zolawulo lwemozulu ezisezantsi.
Indawo kunye noqhelaniso
Kwiimozulu ezininzi eSpain, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kukujonga indawo yokukhulisa izityalo ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona ukuze uyisebenzise kakuhle ilanga lasebusikaNangona kwezinye iindawo, ukuthambekela emantla-emazantsi kukhethwa ukuze kusasazwe imitha kumacala omabini. Nokuba kunjalo, zama ukuphepha nayiphi na izithunzi ezihlala zihleli ezivela emithini, eludongeni okanye kwizakhiwoingakumbi ekwindla nasebusika, xa ukukhanya kuyigolide ecocekileyo.
Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuqwalasela umoya: ubuso obubonakala kakhulu bunokuphazamisa isakhiwo kwaye yonyusa ukulahleka kobushushu ebusikaUcingo olukufutshane okanye ucingo oluthintela umoya lunceda kakhulu.
Ulawulo lobushushu
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Ebusika kufuneka ugcine ubushushu, kwaye ehlotyeni kufuneka ubukhulule. Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, kukho iintsika ezintathu: umoya ongenisayo, umthunzi, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukufudumeza.
- Iifestile ezinkulu kunye neengcango kumacala ahlukeneyo ukuze kuphume umoya ngeentsuku ezishushu.
- Izivuli ezizenzekelayo ii-skylights okanye iifestile ezivuleka ngokuzenzekelayo xa ubushushu bunyuka.
- Ukufudumeza ukukhanya (isitovu, intambo yokufudumeza phantsi, ii-radiator zombane ezincinci) kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye kwiibhedi zembewu ezibuthathaka kakhulu.
- Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obukhulu kunye needrama zamanzi ezifunxa ubushushu emini zize zibukhuphe ebusuku. Jonga izimvo malunga ukusetyenziswa kweebhotile kunye neejerrycans egadini ukuphucula i-inertia yobushushu.
Ukunkcenkceshela nokufuma
Kwindlu eluhlaza, amanzi angaba ngumhlobo okanye utshaba: umswakama omninzi kwaye uya kuba nomngundo kuyo yonke indawo, umncinci kakhulu kwaye izityalo ziya kuba noxinzelelo. Okona kulungileyo, kufuneka ufake inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela eneendawo ezifanelekileyo okanye inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ene-micro-sprinkler ukulawula indawo nganye ngokwezityalo zayo.
Iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi zivumela Nkcenkceshela kusasa okanye xa kutshona ilangaukumanzisa umhlaba hayi amagqabi, nto leyo enciphisa izifo. I-hygrometer elula iya kukunika ulwalathiso ukuba uyisebenzisa kakhulu; ukuba ubona ukufuma okuninzi kwiplastiki, Udinga umoya ongcono kwaye mhlawumbi ungankcenkceshi rhoqo kodwa nzulu ngakumbi..
Unyaka kwigreenhouse: into omawuyenze ngexesha ngalinye lonyaka
Ukuze sihlele ulwazi ngendlela elawulekayo, siza kuqala sijonge unyaka ngokwexesha lonyaka kwi-greenhouse, size emva koko sichaze iinkcukacha inyanga nenyanga kunye nohlobo lwesityalo. Khumbula ukuba le yindawo ekhuselweyo. Imihla ingaphambi kancinci kuneyegadi yangaphandle..
Ubusika: Umsebenzi othuleyo owenza umahluko (Disemba - Februwari)
Ngelixa igadi yangaphandle ibonakala ilele, indlu eluhlaza iba ikomkhulu lakho lokucwangcisa, ukusasaza, kunye nokulungisaKulapho kugqitywa khona inxalenye entle yesivuno sonyaka wonke.
Ezi nyanga lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba tyala izityalo ezikhula ixesha elide kwiibhedi zembewu (i-anyanisi, iileeks, iseleri, ezinye izityalo ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye neentyatyambo) ezifuna ixesha elide ukuze zikhule iingcambu ngaphambi kokuba zityalwe ngaphandle. Sebenzisa ii-heat mats okanye iintambo zokufudumeza ukugcina umxube weembiza uphakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-24°C, uluhlu apho imbewu yemifuno emininzi ikhula khona.
Ukuba uzishiye zityalwe ekwindla imifuno enyamezela ukubanda (isipinatshi, ikale, ilettuce yasebusika, itshadi, iclaytonia, ezinye iibrassicas), uya kuqhubeka nokuvuna amagqabi amatsha uninzi lobusika, ukuba ulawula iqabaka elinzima ngokukhusela kabini (indlu eluhlaza + ingubo yobushushu ngaphakathi). Ukukhusela amagqabi, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifana nezo zichazwe kwi Indlela yokukhusela izityalo eziluhlaza ezinamagqabi.
Ezi nyanga zilungele kakhulu coca ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo: iiplastiki okanye iglasi, iifeni, iigutha, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, ukujonga nokuphucula umhlaba ngomgquba, umgquba ovuthwe kakuhle okanye umgquba oluhlaza osikiweyo.
Intwasahlobo: ukukhawulezisa okukhulu (Matshi - Meyi)
Ngokwanda kweeyure zasemini, igreenhouse iyaguquka ibe umzi-mveliso wezithole olungele ukuphuma ngaphandle okanye ukuhlala ngaphakathi ukuze uvelise.Lixesha elixakekileyo lonyaka lokutyala iitreyi, iimbiza, kunye nokufakelwa izityalo.
Kule nqanaba, imbewu iyahlwayelwa ize ityalwe kwenye indawo. izityalo zasehlotyeni ezifudumeleyo njengeetumato, iipepile, ii-eggplant, iikhukhamba, i-zucchini, okanye ii-melon. Kwangaxeshanye, ungasebenzisa eli thuba lokuhlwayela imbewu ngqo. imifuno ehlala ixesha elifutshane, epholileyo (iiradishi, iminqathe yasekuqaleni, iibhithi, ispinatshi, ilettuce) eziza kuvunwa ngaphambi kokuba izityalo zasehlotyeni zithathe yonke indawo.
Umoya ongenisayo uba yinto ebalulekileyo yemihla ngemihla, kuba usuku olunelanga luka-Epreli lunokubangela ukuba i-greenhouse ibe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu ukuba awuvuli iingcango neefestile. Kwakhona kubalulekile. Qala ukubeka iitamatisi kunye neekhukhamba esitovini uze uzikhokele ukufumana indawo ethe nkqo nokuphucula umoya.
Ihlobo: imveliso iyaqhuma, uxinzelelo lobushushu luyanda (Juni - Agasti)
Ehlotyeni, indlu eluhlaza ifumana eyona mzuzu imangalisayo... neyona ibuthathaka... . Isakhiwo sayo sizaliswa izityalo ezinamandla ezizele ziintyatyambo neziqhamo (iitumato(iipepile, ii-eggplant, iikomkomere, iimbotyi zepali), kodwa ubushushu bunokuba lutshaba olukhulu.
Ngaphezulu kwamaqondo obushushu ahlala ixesha elide angama-30-32°C, izityalo ezininzi Ziyayeka ukuvelisa iintyatyambo kwaye zinciphisa kakhulu imvelisoUkuze uphephe oku, sebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo: inethi yomthunzi engama-30-50%, umoya ohambahambayo, iifeni, ukunkcenkceshela ngamaconsi, kwaye ukuba ukwindawo eshushu kakhulu, zipholisa ngokuphuma kwamanzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoku lixesha lokusebenzisa umhlaba ofudumeleyo ukuze tyala izityalo eziza kuba sisiseko sekwindla kwanobusika: ibroccoli, ikholifulawa, iikhaphetshu ezahlukeneyo, itshadi, ispinatshi esivuthwa ekupheleni kwexesha, kunye nomjikelo omtsha weelettuce.
Kucetyiswa ukuba uziqhelise ukutyala ngokulandelelana: kwangoko nje ukuba isivuno sasekuqaleni (umz., ispinatshi yasentwasahlobo) sigqibe umjikelo waso, ususa izityalo, ufake umgquba uze utyale kwakhona esinye isivuno (iimbotyi, isivuno sokugquma okanye ibrassica yasekuqaleni).
Ukwindla: intwasahlobo yesibini kunye nokulungiselela ubusika (uSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba)
Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehla, indlu eluhlaza iyaphefumla kwakhona. Lixesha elimnandi kakhulu Gcwalisa ngemifuno eluhlaza, ibrassicas kunye neengcambu ukuba bazisa isivuno kakuhle ebusika.
Njengoko iintsuku zisiba mfutshane, ususa inethi yomthunzi, uvale imingxunya yomoya kwangethuba ukuze ugcine ubushushu, uze uqale ukufaka amakhethini. ubushushu obulula (i-bubble wrap kwicala elingasemantla, ukugqobhoza iingcango neefestile, njl.njl.). Likwalixesha lokuba ukucoca ngokupheleleyo amasalela esivuno sasehlotyeni ukuze kungabikho zisele ziindawo zokugcina izinambuzane neefungi.
Iimifuno ezininzi ezihlala ixesha elide (irosemary, thyme, sage, oregano) kunye namaqunube zingatyalwa ngeli xesha ukuze Phuhlisa inkqubo yeengcambu elungileyo ngaphambi kokuba umkhuhlane omkhuluUmhlaba otyetyiswe ngumgquba ngeli xesha lonyaka uya kukunika izityalo zasebusika ezisempilweni nezivelisa imveliso engakumbi.
Ikhalenda yenyanga yezinto onokuzityala kwigreenhouse
Ukongeza kwindlela yokwenza izinto ngexesha lonyaka, ulwahlulo olufutshane lunokukunceda Zeziphi iintlobo zezityalo ezilungele inyanga nenyanga ukuba unendlu eluhlaza?Imihla iqikelelwa kwaye yenzelwe imozulu epholileyo; soloko ulungelelanisa nendawo yakho.
- NgoJanuwari: I-Swiss chard, itswele, i-endive, umnqathe. Kungcono ukuzikhusela kakuhle kwiqhwa kwaye usebenzise iibhedi zembewu ezikhuselekileyo.
- NgoFebruwari: Ispinatshi, ilettuce, iradish, ikhaphetshu. Ilungele kakhulu kwiibhedi zembewu apho kunkcenkceshelwa khona ngokulinganayo nangokulawulwayo.
- NgoMatshi: Itumato, ipepile, i-eggplant, i-zucchini. Hlwayela kwindawo eshushu okanye ngqo kwindawo eluhlaza ekhuselweyo, kunye nokufaka isichumiso okokuqala.
- Epreli: Netyhukhamba, YamaYudaUmbona omnandi, ivatala. Tyala ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kuxhomekeke kwimozulu, ujonge izinambuzane ezisakhulayo.
- UCanzibe: I-watermelon, ithanga, i-basil, iitapile zakuqala. Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, izibonda zilungile, kunye nokuchumisa okongezelelweyo.
- Isilimela: Iseleri, ikholifulawa, iliki, kunye nekaroti ngexesha lasekwindla. Lumka ngobushushu, i-mulch, kunye namanzi anzulu.
- EyeKhala: Ilettuce, ispinatshi, itshadi, kunye neradish ukuze kuvunwe ekwindla. Ingcono xa ivunwa ngomthunzi ongephi kunye nokunkcenkceshela okuninzi.
- EyeThupha: I-Endive, ibroccoli, iikhaphetshu ezahlukeneyo, ispinatshi. Ingahlwayelwa ngqo, ikhuseleke elangeni elinamandla.
- EyoMsintsi: Iimbotyi ezibanzi, iimbotyiI-Swiss chard, ilettuce yasebusika. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela lisemva kwemini ukuthintela ukukhula kwefungus.
- EyeDwarha: Igalikhi, itswele, ispinatshi, iminqathe yasebusika. Gcina i-mulch ukuze ungabi manzi kakhulu kwaye ungankcenkcesheli rhoqo.
- EyeNkanga: Iimbotyi ezibanzi, iimbotyi, iiturnips, iileeks. Ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluhle emoyeni kwaye inika ukuchumisa okuphakathi.
- EtiMnga: Igalikhi, i-endive, iradish, itswele lokuqala. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, kungcono ukuyikhulisa kwindawo eluhlaza enesikhuseli esongezelelweyo kwiqhwa.
Ucwangciso oluphambili: iinkcukacha zegadi inyanga nenyanga
Ukuba, ukongeza ekulawuleni indlu eluhlaza, unegadi yemifuno yangaphandle, uya kuba nomdla wokuba nembono yehlabathi jikelele malunga oko kutyaliweyo noko kuvunwayo inyanga nenyanga, ngaphakathi nangaphandleApha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo esifutshane seentlobo zemisebenzi ngenyanga (ejoliswe kwimozulu epholileyo efana neyaseSpain eninzi).
UJanuwari noFebruwari: ukuqala komjikelo
NgoJanuwari imbonakalo yomhlaba ingabonakala ingashukumi, kodwa eneneni kuxa yonke into ezayo kamva iphekiwe: Babeka iiodolo baze batshintshiselane ngembewu, bahlumise iitapile, bathene imithi yeziqhamo, baze balungiselele iibhedi zembewu ezikhuselekileyo. Kwigalikhi, u-anyanisi, ilettuce, i-asparagus, iiturnips, iminqathe, njl. Kwiindawo ezingenaqabaka ziqatha, eminye imifuno ingatyalwa ngqo.
UFebruwari uyaqhubeka ngendlela efanayo, kunye nomsebenzi omninzi kwiindawo zokuhlwayela izityalo itswele, ikhaphetshu, ilettuce, iliki, iitumato kunye nezinye izityalo ze-nightshadeIiradishes, iminqathe, ispinatshi, kunye neebhithi nazo zihlwayelwa ngqo, kwaye i-anyanisi kunye neelettuce esele zimile zityalwa zikhuselekile xa kukho iqabaka elifike emva kwexesha. Kwi-greenhouse, lixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyalwa ukubonelela ngee-mineral correctors (umgubo welitye) ukuba umhlaba uyayifuna loo nto.
UMatshi no-Epreli: ukuhlwayela ngesantya esiphezulu
Ngokufika kukaMatshi, iintsuku ziyanda kwaye ingca iqala ukukhula ngamandla, njengoko kunjalo nokhula olukwigadi yemifuno. Kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo nakwiindawo zokugcina izityalo Iintlanzi ezirhubuluzayo kunye neenkonkxa zitya isidlo esikhuluNgoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa izithintelo zesanti, i-basalt, okanye imigibe.
Iibhedi zembewu ziyaqala i-zucchini, ikhaphetshu, ikholifulawa, i-fennel Iitapile zityalwa ekuqaleni kwexesha lonyaka. Ngo-Epreli, kongezwa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo zasehlotyeni: i-eggplant, amandongomane, i-melon, iipepile, iikhukhamba, iivatala… phantse nantoni na ingahlwayelwa okanye ityalwe, ukuba nje umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile okanye une-greenhouse esebenza njengekhaka.
Kweli nqanaba, kuyinto esisiseko Yiba nenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ilungile kwaye amasimi avuselelwe kakuhle kwaye ahlulwe ukhulakuba ukhuphiswano oluvela kukhula lunokuba lubi kakhulu njengoko izityalo zivunwa.
UMeyi noJuni: ukudubula, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nesivuno sokuqala esikhulu
UMeyi yinyanga yeentyatyambo nokhula ngamandla apheleleyo. Ukukhuhla ukhula kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ukunkcenkceshela kuba yinto ebalulekileyo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendlu eluhlaza. Ukuhlwayela nokutyala kuyaqhubeka. imifuno yasehlotyeni kwaye kuqala ukuvunwa kweetapile zokuqala, ilettuce, ikholifulawa, itswele lasentwasahlobo, njl.
NgoJuni, umhlaba uba mdaka ngegolide: iinkozo ziyavuthwa kwaye yonke into ilungiselelwe ukuvunwa kwengqolowa. Kwigadi yeziqhamo nakwindlu eluhlaza, izityalo ziyaqokelelwa. imifuno yazo zonke iintlobo (i-zucchini, ikhukhamba, ilettuce, iitapile, ikherothi, i-beetroot) Umbona neembotyi zityalwa ukuze zomiswe, phakathi kwezinye izityalo. Amadlelo nawo ayasikwa ukuze kufuywe ingca, kwaye i-alfalfa iyomiswa, nto leyo eya kuba yimfuneko ekondleni imfuyo unyaka wonke.
NgoJulayi nango-Agasti: uqikelelo lwesivuno esiphezulu kunye nolwasekwindla
UJulayi uphawula ukuvunwa kweenkozo, ukuqokelelana kweengca, kunye nokutyisa iingca. Kwindlu eluhlaza, izityalo zasehlotyeni ziyachuma, kodwa kungcono ukungakhathali: kufuneka uqhubeke. ukuhlwayela imifuno ekwindla nasebusika (ikhaphetshu, ibroccoli, i-endive, ispinatshi, njl.njl.).
Ngo-Agasti, nangona ubushushu buphezulu, isantya siyagcinwa ukutyala izityalo zasekwindlaUkuvunwa kweenkozo kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo kugqityiwe, kunqunyulwe ingca okwesibini, kwaye kuvunwa iziqhamo ezininzi (iipesika, ii-apile zokuqala, amakhiwane, iidiliya zokuqala, njl.njl.). Yinyanga elungileyo hlaziya uqikelelo, imbewu kunye nezakhiwo ngoxolo, usebenzisa iiyure ezishushu kakhulu kwimisebenzi elula.
Septemba, Okthobha kunye noNovemba: utshintsho kunye nokulungiselela umjikelo olandelayo
NgoSeptemba, xa kubuya indlela eqhelekileyo, intengiso yemveliso entsha idla ngokunyuka. Lixesha lokuba Hlwayela igalikhi ethambileyo, iikhaphetshu, iiletisi zasebusika kwaye ulungiselele umhlaba weenkozo zasekwindla ezinomgquba oluhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza.
U-Okthobha yinyanga yezigqibo: Zichaza ujikeleziso lwezityalo oluphambili, kwaye zilungiselela amasimi ezityalo zasebusika nezasentwasahlobo. Kutyalwe neembotyi ezibanzi, ii-peas, iiradishes, kunye nezithole ze-leek kunye ne-anyanisi. Uphahla, iitshimini, kunye neeshedi nazo ziyajongwa, kuba ubusika busondele.
NgoNovemba, ukutyalwa kweenkozo (ii-oats, irhasi, irye, ingqolowa) kwaye kongezwa umgquba oluhlaza kwiindawo eziza kulinywa kamva. Igadi yemifuno izaliswe iminqathe yentwasahlobo, igalikhi ukuze ityiwe kancinci, iikhaphetshu kunye nesipinatshiImida kunye neengcango ziyasuswa, iimfumba zomgquba ziyaguqulwa, kwaye umandlalo wezilwanyana uyalungiswa, kubalwa ngononophelo ukutya okugciniweyo kunye neenkozo.
UDisemba: ikhefu elihambelanayo kunye nolungiselelo
UDisemba ugxile kubomi bendlu kunye nezibonelelo zayo: Balungisa oomatshini nezixhobo, bagawula iinkuni, baze bachebe imithi yeziqhamo. Xa imozulu ivuma kwaye ukuvunwa kwemifuno kugqityiwe, lixesha lokujonga ixesha lonyaka, ukucwangcisa elilandelayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba Kukho imbewu nezityalo ezaneleyo zonyaka ozayoUmgquba ngoku ungasondezwa emasimini ukuze kube lula ukuchumisa isityalo entwasahlobo.
Ukukhetha isithuba esifanelekileyo phakathi kwezityalo kunye nokudibanisa izityalo ngobulumko
Impumelelo yegreenhouse ayixhomekekanga kuphela kwinto oyityalayo, kodwa nakwizinto ozityalileyo. indlela obeka ngayo isivuno ngasinye kunye nokuba uhamba nabani naUbuninzi obuhle kunye nokudibana okuchanekileyo kunciphisa izinambuzane, kuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezondlo, kwaye kuthintela izityalo ekukhuphisaneni.
Imizekelo ethile esebenzayo esekelwe kumava eegadi ezicwangciswe kakuhle:
- Itumato: Imigca ibekwe kwindawo eziisentimitha ezingama-60 ukusuka kwenye, kwaye izityalo zibekwe kwindawo eziisentimitha ezingama-50 ukusuka kwenye. Ikhula kakuhle negalikhi, i-asparagus, i-basil, i-carrot, i-celery, umbona, itswele, i-parsley, ipepile, iliki kunye neradish. Kungcono ukuyiphepha kufutshane neetapile.iimbotyi, i-fennel okanye iikomkomere.
- Ikholifulawa kunye nebroccoli: Imigca ihlukane ngama-40 cm kwaye ityalwe ngama-40-50 cm. Zikhula kakuhle kwiimbotyi, ii-peas, ilettuce, iseleri, iitumato kunye neetapile, kodwa azikhulanga kakuhle kwiigalikhi, ii-anyanisi kunye nama-strawberry.
- Ilettuce egobileyo: Imigca iqelelene ngama-30 cm kwaye izityalo ziqelelene ngama-15-20 cm. Ilungele kakhulu itswele, iibhithi, iminqathe, ikhaphetshu, iikhukhamba, iimbotyi, amaqunube, iiturnips, iileeks kunye neepizi; hayi kakhulu kwi-endive kunye neparsley.
- Ikherothi: imiqolo malunga nama-20 cm ukusuka komnye kwaye ityalwa rhoqo emva kwe-3-6 cm. Idibana kakuhle ne-anyanisi, iileek, iiradishes kunye nee-peas; kungcono ungayixubi ne-beet, iitapile ezintsha, iseleri, i-fennel okanye i-parsley.
Ingcamango jikelele iintsapho ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye nemisebenzi yazo (igqabi, ingcambu, isiqhamo, intyatyambo) ukuze zingasoloko zikhupha izondlo ezifanayo, zisebenzise ubunzulu beengcambu ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziphule imijikelo yezinambuzane ezithile.
Izixhobo kunye nolawulo lomhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nemozulu yangaphakathi
Indlu eluhlaza enemveliso ifuna ubuncinci iziseko zezityalo: akufuneki udlulele ngaphaya komlinganiselo, kodwa kufuneka ube nayo izixhobo ezincinci ezisebenzayo kunye nomgangatho ogcinwe kakuhle.
Kwizixhobo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube ne-rototiller okanye ikhuba ngesandla kuxhomekeke kubukhulu, ifosholo, iraki, izixhobo zokutyala, i-wheelbarrow, iitarps okanye iibhasikithi, ilaphu lokuthintela ukhula ukuba uyalisebenzisa, iiglavu, kunye nenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela efanelekileyo (iipayipi, ii-spray guns, i-drip irrigation, njl.njl.). Konke oku kwenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu. ngocoselelo olukhulu kunye nomzamo omncinci womzimba.
Umgangatho sisiseko sesakhiwo, kwaye impilo yaso igcinwa Umgquba ovuthiweyo, izichumisi eziphilayo, ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo, kunye nomgquba oluhlazaIzityalo eziseleyo ezivela emyezweni ngokwawo, zixutywe nomgquba obolileyo kakuhle, zixabisekile: zibonelela nge-humus, ziphucula ulwakhiwo kunye namandla okugcina amanzi.
Ngokuphathelele ulawulo lomswakama kunye nobushushu bangaphakathi, icebo licacile: Faka umoya ukuze uphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokufuma, manzisa ngobulumko, kwaye unike umthunzi xa kuyimfuneko.Ukunkcenkceshela okuphakathi kodwa okunzulu, okungcono ekupheleni kosuku, kunceda amanzi ukuba asetyenziswe ngcono kwaye kuthintela ukubonakala kwezifo ezinxulumene nokufuma okugqithisileyo.
Ikhalenda yenyanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokoqobo kwigreenhouse
Umxholo wenyanga emyezweni udala iingxoxo ezingapheliyo. Akukho sivumelwano sesayensi esipheleleyo, kodwa inyaniso kukuba Abalimi abaninzi baphawula umahluko xa behlonipha izigaba zenyanga.ingakumbi kumgangatho wesivuno kunye nokuziphatha kwezinye izityalo.
Indlela esebenzayo yokusebenzisa oku kukwahlula ngokwenxalenye yesityalo oza kusitya:
- Isiqhamo: iitumato, iipepile, i-zucchini, iikomkomere, iivatala, ii-watermelon…
- Amagqabi: ilettuce, ikhaphetshu, imifuno yetheniphu, ispinatshi, itshadi…
- Ingcambu: iminqathe, u-anyanisi, igalikhi, iiturnips, iibeet…
- Intyatyambo: ibroccoli, ikholifulawa, iartichoke...
Ukusebenzisa ithiyori eyamkelweyo kakhulu:
- Inyanga ephelele: Incindi idla ngokuxinana kwindawo esemoyeni, ngoko ke ithathwa njengexesha elifanelekileyo hlwayela imifuno enamagqabi (iletisi, ispinatshi, njl.njl.).
- kwikota yokugqibela: Amandla ebeya kujoliswa ngakumbi kwiingcambu, umzuzu oqhele ukuwenza ingcambu yemifuno (i-carrot, i-beetroot, itswele...).
- Ikota yokuqala: Incindi ingaphinda ivuke, kwaye abalimi abaninzi bayayisebenzisa le nto ukuze hlwayela izityalo zeziqhamo (itamati, ipepile, iimbotyi...).
- Inyanga entsha: ngokuqhelekileyo igcinelwe imisebenzi ukugcinwa, ukukhupha ukhula kunye nokuthena kancinciukuphepha ukutyala nokuvuna okuninzi.
Ukuba usaqala, musa ukuzibamba kakhulu: gxila ekufundeni iziseko zolawulo lwegreenhouse, kwaye wakuba ugqibile oko, Zama ukulungelelanisa ezinye izityalo kunye nekhalenda yenyanga unyaka omnye okanye emibini uze wenze izigqibo zakho.
Imbewu okanye izithole? Ungadibanisa njani zombini ezi ndlela
Umbuzo oqhelekileyo kukuba ingaba kungcono na ukutyala yonke into ngembewu okanye ukuthenga izithole esele zikhulile. Uhlobo ngalunye luneengenelo kunye neengxaki zalo, ingakumbi kwi-greenhouse. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo ukuyenza kukudibanisa zombini..
Ukuhlwayela ngembewu kukuvumela gcina imali kwaye ukhethe iintlobo ezithile (iindidi ezindala, zasekuhlaleni, eziqinileyo), kwaye ufumana uyolo lokubona umjikelo wobomi bezityalo zonke. Ingxaki kukuba ezinye iimbewu zibuthathaka ukuhluma kwaye zifuna ubushushu obuchanekileyo kunye neemeko zokufuma; ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, uza kushiywa ungenazo izityalo okanye uza kushiywa lixesha kakhulu kwixesha lonyaka.
Izithole (ukufakelwa kwezityalo) zenza ubomi bakho bube lula kakhulu kuba Sele zidlulile kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuhluma kunye namagqabi okuqalaZiyawufinyeza umjikelo wokuvuna kwaye zikongela indawo kwiibhedi zembewu, ngexabiso lexabiso eliphezulu ngeyunithi nganye kunye nohlobo oluncinci olufumanekayo.
Ukuba usaqala, kuluncedo kakhulu ukuqala ukufakelwa kwezityalo ezibalulekileyo (iitamati, iipepile, iiletisi zasentwasahlobo) kwaye ugcine inxalenye yendlu eluhlaza ukuze ihlale ukuzama imbewu ekhuliswe ekhaya okanye ethengiweyoEkuhambeni kwexesha uza kufumana amava kwaye ukwazi ukuthembela ngakumbi kwizityalo zakho.
Ukuguqula i-greenhouse yakho ibe yindawo evelisayo unyaka wonke kubandakanya ukudibanisa ucwangciso lwekhalenda, ukujikeleza, kunye nokutyala kunye nokulawula kakuhle imozulu yangaphakathi, amanzi, umhlaba, kunye nezinambuzane, ukuxuba imbewu evela kwimbewu kunye nezithole ezithengiweyo okanye ezo zivela kwi-nursery yakho; ngolu dibaniso olulinganisiweyo, isakhiwo sakho siya kusuka ekubeni yindawo yokukhosela elula yezityalo ezine ukuya kwinjini yokwenyani yemifuno emitsha, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno inyanga nenyanga.
