Isikhokelo esipheleleyo se-carnation yaseIndiya: iimpawu, ukhathalelo kunye nokulima

El Ukuqhawula ukusuka eIndiya, ekwabizwa ngokuba tagete, I-Morish carnationI-marigold, okanye i-African Carnation, sesinye sezona zityalo zixabiswayo nezixatyisiweyo minyaka le ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokugqabhuka kombala kwiigadi kunye namathafa. Ukulinywa kwayo kulula, kwaye iimpawu zayo zokuhombisa kunye nokusebenza ziyenza ibe ngumhlobo ofanelekileyo kwabo bafuna ubuhle, izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi y ukhuselo lwendalo ngokuchasene nezinambuzane kwigadi yakho okanye egadini yakho.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zebhotani ze-Indian carnation

I-carnation yaseIndiya yeyosapho lwe I-Asteraceae (Asteraceae) kunye negama layo lezenzululwazi ngu Iitagetes erecta, nangona ngaphakathi kwe-genus ye-Tagetes kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-60 ezilinywa ngokubanzi. Esi sityalo sivela eMexico nakuMbindi Merika, apho sichazwa ngesimboli esinamandla senkcubeko, ngakumbi njenge Usuku lwentyatyambo efileyoUkusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuqatshelwa kwayo kuye kwasasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi kwigadi yohombiso kunye ne-horticultural.

Iinkalo eziphambili:

• Imidlalo a umrhumo wonyaka, yiyo loo nto kufuneka ityalwe rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka ukusuka kwimbewu.
• Ukuphakama okuguquguqukayo kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neentlobo: ukusuka I-20 ukuya kwi-150 yeesentimitha.
• Amaqabunga aluhlaza, aphikisanayo okanye ahlukeneyo, kunye nezahlulo zibe ngamacandelo e-lanceolate kunye nemiphetho enamazinyo.
• Ezikhulu, ezinemibala eqaqambileyo: ephuzi, iorandi, obomvu okanye imidibaniso yemibala emibini.
• Ukudubula ixesha elide, ukususela entwasahlobo okanye ehlotyeni de kufike iiqabaka zokuqala. Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, inokuhlala ixesha elide.
• Ivumba elibukhali, ngakumbi emva kwemini, elinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwayo egxotha yendalo.

Iipropati, ukusetyenziswa kwemveli kunye neenzuzo zegadi

El Ukuqhawula ukusuka eIndiya Ayaziwa nje ngokuba nomtsalane okubonakalayo. Kuyo yonke imbali, zombini iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi ayo asetyenziswa kwi:

• Iziqholo: Ukutsalwa kweoyile enuka kamnandi, ilungele ukudityaniswa nesandalwood.
• I-infusions kunye namayeza esintu: Amagqabi kunye namagqabi asetyenzisiwe kunyango lwasekhaya ukuthomalalisa ukhohlokhohlo, ukungonwabi kokutya kunye nanjengoko. ukuphilisa y anti-ukudumba.
• Inkcubeko: iipetali ezidliwayo, ezitsha okanye zomisiwe, ezisetyenziswa njenge umbala wokutya kwendalo kunye neesaladi.
• Ukukhuselwa kwegadi: iingcambu zayo zikhupha iikhompawundi (thiophenes) ukuba gxotha i-nematodes kwaye uncede ugcine izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo njengeembovane, iingcongconi, kunye neentwala. Ziyacetyiswa ukuba zityalwe ecaleni kwezityalo ezibuthathaka ezifana neetumato.
• Idayi yendalo: EYurophu, amanye amacandelo elaphu ayayilima ukuze akhuphe zombala yeentyatyambo zayo.

Le ndibaniselwano ye ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa, iipropathi zonyango kunye nokukhusela zenza i-tagete ibe sisityalo esisebenza ngokumangalisayo ubhetyebhetye kuyo nayiphi na igadi okanye umthandi wokulima ngendalo.

Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neentlobo ze-marigold okanye i-Indian carnation

Ngaphakathi kwi-genus Tagetes, kukho iintlobo kunye nemihlanganisela esetyenziswa kakhulu kwigadi:

1. Iitagetes erecta: iintyatyambo ezinkulu, umbala nzulu tyheli, orenji kunye neethoni ezimbini.
2. i-patula tagetes: iintyatyambo ezincinci, iithoni bomvu, orenji y igolide tyheliIcwecwe kakhulu, ilungele iimbiza kunye nemida.
3. Tagetes tenuifolia: ukukhula okuphantsi kunye nokuncinci, iintyatyambo ezilula kunye ezincinci kwii-shades tyheli, orenji y bomvu.

Ukwahluka kumbala kunye nobukhulu bentyatyambo buvumela ukudala intle kakhulu indibaniselwano zokuhombisa zombini kwimiyezo nakwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neebhalkhoni.

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhulisa i-carnations yaseIndiya

• Inkcazo ngelanga: Khetha ilanga elipheleleyo, ukufumana ubuncinci Iiyure ze6 yokukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Ziyakwazi ukunyamezela umthunzi othile, nangona iintyatyambo ziya kuba namandla.
• Ubushushu: Ikhula kakuhle kwimozulu eshushu (18ºC ukuya ku-30ºC), nangona inyamezela ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa ukuba umngcipheko weqabaka uyaphetshwa. Khulisa ngaphakathi kwiitreyi ukuba uhlala kwiindawo ezibandayo, utshintshele ngaphandle xa kungasekho mngcipheko wamaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
• Isiseko: Iqhelanisa phantse naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba, nangona ikhetha imihlaba elula, egalelwe kakuhle kwaye zizityebi kwizinto eziphilayo. Unokuphucula ubume bayo ngokufaka isanti okanye i-perlite ukuba inodongwe kakhulu.
• Umbhalisi: Ngexesha lokukhula kunye nenqanaba leentyantyambo, bonelela ngesichumisi esikhethekileyo kwizityalo ezidubulayo ngexesha ngalinye. Iiveki ezi-4-6 ukukhuthaza iintyatyambo ezininzi.

Ungatyala njani kwaye uphindaphinde i-carnations yaseIndiya

1. Ixesha lokutyala: Ukuhlwayela ekupheleni kwe ebusika okanye iziqalo ze primaveraKwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, unokwenza oku ngokuthe ngqo kwigadi; ukuba akunjalo, qala kumandlalo wembewu okhuselweyo.
2. Ukwahlukana: Tyala kumgama we Iisentimitha ezili-15 ukuya kuma-30 phakathi kwesampulu zokuqinisekisa uphuhliso olulungileyo kunye nokungenisa umoya.
3. Unkcenkceshelo: Gcina ifayile ye- ukufuma rhoqo kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukula. Amanzi amaninzi anokubangela ingcambu ukubola kunye nezifo zokungunda.
4. Iintyatyambo: Iintyatyambo ziya kubonakala malunga Iintsuku ezingama-45-60 emva kokuhlwayela.
5. Ingqokelela yembewu: Ekupheleni kweentyatyambo, cima imbewu eyomileyo ukuze uphinde uyityale kwixesha lonyaka elilandelayo.

Ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwekharnation yaseIndiya

• Unkcenkceshelo: Ifuna ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngokukhethekileyo rhoqo Iintsuku ezingama-2-3, ukwandisa ukuphindaphinda ngamaxesha ashushu. Ithintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
• Ukuprintwa: Susa iintyatyambo ezibunile kunye neziqu ezomileyo okanye ezonakalisiweyo ngamaxesha athile ukukhuthaza ukukhula okutsha kunye nokwandisa iintyatyambo.
• Iimbiza: Ukuba ukhula embizeni, qiniseka ukuba inomsele olungileyo kunye ne-substrate ekhululekile, echumileyo.
• Uphononongo lwezinambuzane: Ubeka esweni ubukho be isineyile, slugs y Izilwanyana ngamaxesha omileyo nashushu.

Izinambuzane eziphambili kunye nezifo

ICarnation yaseIndiya iqinile, kodwa inokuchaphazeleka:

• Iinkumba kunye ne-slugs: Zitya amagqabi kunye neentyatyambo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Sebenzisa izithintelo zomzimba okanye imigibe ethile, kwaye uyisuse ngesandla ukuba kukho imizekelo embalwa.
• Amangolwane (isigcawu esibomvu): Ithandwa bubushushu kunye nokoma. Ukuba uqaphela ukugoba emagqabini, sebenzisa i-organic or phytosanitary acaricides.
• Izifo zokungunda: amakhowa afana ukungunda okungwevu (Botritis), ukungunda okungumgubo y umngundo Zinokuvela kumswakama ophezulu. Gcina amahlamvu omile, ukhuthaze umoya, kwaye ususe iindawo ezonakalisiweyo.
• Bola kwaye ubune: Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu kunye nomhlaba onzima. Ukuba ubona iziqu ezithambileyo okanye amabala, susa izityalo ezichaphazelekayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye utshintshe i-substrate ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zokulima ngempumelelo

Ukufumana okuninzi kwi-carnation yakho yaseIndiya:

• Nxulumanisa nemifuno ebuthathaka: Tyala iimarigolds ecaleni kwetumato, iipepile, ii-eggplants, kunye neminye imifuno ukunciphisa ukwanda kwezinambuzane zenematode kunye ne-aphid.
• Hlanganisa imibala kunye neentlobo: Linga ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-marigolds ukwenza iigadi ezidlamkileyo, ezikwaziyo ukunyamezela.
• Qaphela ukukhanya: Nangona inyamezela umthunzi ophakathi, soloko ubeka phambili ukuba sesichengeni selanga ngokupheleleyo ukuze ufumane iintyatyambo ezintle.
• Khulisa ngokumodareyitha: Isichumiso esigqithisileyo sinokukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagqabi kodwa sinciphise inani leentyatyambo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Iintyatyambo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo: isikhokelo kunye neengcebiso zegadi enemibala