Umthi wehazelnut ngumthi wamandongomane onokuthi ulinywe endle kunye nakwiindawo ezithengisayo. Isiqhamo sawo, i-hazelnut, ixabiseke kakhulu kwi-gastronomy kwaye ineenzuzo ezininzi zempilo. Ukuze ube nemveliso entle, kubalulekile ukwazi iimfuno zomthi nendlela yokulawula ukulinywa kwawo ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kukunika lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze ukhulise umthi we-hazelnut ngokufanelekileyo, ukusuka ekukhetheni umhlaba ofanelekileyo ukuya ekuvuneni isiqhamo. Ukongeza, siza kuxoxa ngokhathalelo olukhethekileyo ekufuneka luthathwe unyaka wonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe imithi esempilweni nenemveliso.
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhulisa i-hazelnuts
Umthi wehazelnut uqhelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, kodwa ukhetha amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kunye neendawo ezinomswakama owaneleyo. Ukukhula okuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ube neempawu ezithile:
- Ukuhamba kakuhle kwamanzi: Kubalulekile ukuba amanzi angafumbani ajikeleze iingcambu zomthi, njengoko ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunokubangela izifo.
- I-pH engathathi hlangothi okanye ene-acidic kancinane: Inqanaba le-pH eliphakathi kwe-5,5 kunye ne-7 lelona linconywayo ukuba umthi ufunxe kakuhle izondlo.
- ubume obuphakathi: Imihlaba enodongwe olugqithisileyo okanye enesanti ayikhuthazwa; Eyona nto ifanelekileyo ngumhlaba ovunduvundu onokugcinwa kakuhle kokufuma.
- Ubutyebi kwizinto eziphilayo: Isiqulatho esaneleyo sezinto eziphilayo zithanda ukukhula kweengcambu kunye nemveliso yeziqhamo.
Imozulu kunye nendawo ecetyiswayo
Ihazelnut ngumthi ochuma kakhulu kwimimandla enawo ubusika obubandayo y ihlobo elipholileyo. Ukuqokelelana kweeyure ezibandayo kubalulekile ekudubuleni okufanelekileyo kunye neziqhamo. ESpeyin, eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokulima kwayo yiCatalonia, iLizwe laseBasque, iNavarre, kunye nezinye iindawo ezisemantla nasempuma yelizwe.
Umthi udinga ukukhanya kwelanga kakuhle, nangona unyamezela umthunzi othile. Kwimimandla eshushu kakhulu ehlotyeni, kuyacetyiswa ukubonelela ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwamanzi, njengoko unokufunda ngakumbi malunga izityalo ezifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa ngakumbi.
Ukukhetha kunye nokutyala i-hazelnuts
Ngaphambi kokutyala umthi we-hazel, kubalulekile ukukhetha iindidi ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimozulu kunye nohlobo lomhlaba olukhoyo. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukungakhathali: Ilinywe kakhulu eSpain, ngakumbi eCatalonia. Ivelisa iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
- I-Barcelona: Indidi exhaphake kakhulu enentsebenzo entle.
- Giffoni's Ring: Iphawulwe ngomgangatho wayo ophezulu kushishino lokutya.
Ukutyala kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhethekayo ukuwa o primavera, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithi inesithuba esaneleyo phakathi kwayo. Isakhelo sokutyala esiqhelekileyo sisi-4 ukuya kwi-6 yeemitha phakathi kwemithi ukuvumela ukukhula kakuhle kweengcambu. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ihazelnuts ithwale isiqhamo, ungabonisana kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthwala isiqhamo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa
Omnye wemiba ephambili ekulinyweni kwehazelnut yi ukunkcenkceshela. Kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinemvula encinane. Kwizityalo ezikwindawo eyomileyo, imveliso inokuchaphazeleka, icuthe isixa seziqhamo.
Eyona nkqubo isebenzayo yokunkcenkceshela ihazelnuts kukunkcenkceshela idrip, njengoko ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubangela ukugcwala kwamanzi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba unkcenkceshelwe ngamandla phakathi kuka Matshi no Agasti, elona xesha lokukhula komthi.
Ukuchumisa kukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwemithi yehazelnut. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufake isicelo izichumisi ezinenitrogen eninzi entwasahlobo kwaye izongezo ze-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus ekwindla ukukhuthaza imveliso yeziqhamo.
Ukuthenwa kwemithi kunye nokugcinwa kwayo
Ukuthena kubalulekile ukugcina ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwemithi kunye nokuphucula imveliso yeziqhamo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuthena zinokwenziwa:
- Uqeqesho lokuthena: Kuyenziwa kwiminyaka yokuqala ukubumba umthi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwawo.
- Ukuthenwa kwesondlo: Kuqhutyelwa ngonyaka ukususa amasebe afileyo okanye anesifo kunye nokuphucula ukungena kokukhanya.
- Ukuthenwa kwemveliso: Ivumela ukuvuselela iintyatyambo kunye nemveliso yeziqhamo ngokususa amasebe angeyomfuneko.
Ukudubula kweentyatyambo kunye ne-pollination
Ihazelnut luhlobo lwe monoecious, okuthetha ukuba ineentyatyambo zobuduna nemazi kumthi omnye. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iintlobo zifuna Ukudluliselwa kwepoleni Ukufumana isivuno esihle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulime ngaphezu kwendidi enye ehambelanayo kwifama enye.
Iintyatyambo zobuduna, ezibizwa ngokuba ziicatkins, zikhupha umungu ebusika ngomoya. Iintyatyambo zemazi zincinci kwaye zibomvu ngombala. Ukuchumisa kwenzeka emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa emva komvumvuzelwano, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imveliso yeziqhamo inabele ekwindla.
Ukuvuna nokugcina ihazelnuts
Iihazelnuts zilungele ukuvunwa xa zifikelela ekuvuthweni ekwindla. Oku kuqondwa kuba iziqhamo ziqala ukuwela ngokwemvelo emhlabeni. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuvuna:
- Incwadi yezandla: Isiqhamo esiwileyo siyaqokelelwa kwaye ukungcola kuyasuswa ngaphambi kokugcinwa.
- NONE Oomatshini abakhethekileyo basetyenziselwa ukushukumisa imithi kunye nokuqokelela iziqhamo emhlabeni.
Xa sele ivuniwe, ihazelnuts kufuneka icocwe kwaye yomiswe ukunqanda ukubunjwa kokungunda. Ukugcinwa kwayo kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo ethile yomile kwaye ingena umoya ukugcina umgangatho wayo.
Imbonakalo yemarike kunye nenzuzo
Nangona ukulinywa kwehazelnut eSpain kuye kwehla kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, imfuno yehlabathi yeehazelnuts iyaqhubeka nokunyuka. I-Türkiye kunye ne-Italiya zilawula imveliso yehlabathi, kodwa kukho ithuba lemarike kubavelisi baseSpain, ngakumbi ukuba bagxile kwiinkqubo zokulima ezinzulu kunye nobuchule bemveliso ezinzileyo.
Inzuzo yesityalo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana neentlobo ngeentlobo, ulawulo lomhlaba, kunye nokufikelela kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela. Ngolawulo olululo, ihazelnuts inokuba lukhetho olunomtsalane kumafama ajonge ukwahlula izityalo zawo.
Ukulinywa kwehazelnut lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kubo bobabini abavelisi abancinci kunye namasimi amakhulu orhwebo. Ngenxa yomhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye neemeko zemozulu, kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukuthena nokuchumisa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho imveliso ephumelelayo nenengeniso. Ukuba ucinga ngokukhulisa ihazelnuts, ukulandela ezi ngcebiso kuya kukunceda ufezekise impumelelo, isivuno esikumgangatho ophezulu.
