Las imifuno yomntwana ziye zaba yimfashini Kwiivenkile zokutyela, kwiivenkile ezinkulu, nakwiigadi zasezidolophini, kwaye akuyonto ingaqhelekanga: azithathi ndawo ingako, ziyakhawuleza ukuvuna, kwaye zinencasa eyoyikisayo. Ukusuka kwiikherothi ezincinci eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwilettuce yamagqabi amancinci oyibonayo kwiingxowa zesaladi zevenkile enkulu, eli hlabathi liphela lifikeleleka kuye nabani na onomhlaba omncinci, umdla, kunye nocwangciso oluthile.
Ukuba unqwenela ukwenza ikona encinci yegourmet ekhaya, Imifuno emincinci ifanelekile kwiibalcony, iipatio kunye iigadi zentsaphoNangona kunjalo, emva kwaloo mbonakalo intle kukho inkqubo yokulima efuna ukuchaneka: ukunkcenkceshela okulawulwa ngononophelo, ukuvuna ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye neentlobo ezithile. Kule migca ilandelayo, uza kufumana isikhokelo esinzulu, esidibanisa ulwazi lobuchwephesha bemveliso kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zegadi yakho.
Zithini kanye kanye imifuno yabantwana kwaye kutheni ithandwa kangaka?
Xa sithetha ngemifuno emincinci sibhekisa kuyo izityalo ezivunwa zisesezincinciOko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kubukhulu obuqhelekileyo nokuvuthwa kweentlobo ezifanayo. Azizo izinto zokudlala: ziyiminqathe efanayo, iikhukhamba, okanye ilettuce njengesiqhelo, kodwa zivunwa kwangethuba kakhulu okanye kwiintlobo ezikhethiweyo ukuba zihlale zincinci.
Ezi Imifuno emincinci ibalasele ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo okuthambileyo kunye nencasa ebukhali ngakumbi. I usana iminqathe Zihlala zine-diameter ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 cm, ii-mini cucumbers zimalunga ne-8-12 cm ubude kwaye iitumato zecherry zinobunzima obuyi-10-15 g. Xa zikwimo yamagqabi, njengelettuce encinci okanye ispinatshi, amagqabi asemancinci, abhityile kwaye aqhotsiweyo kakhulu.
Kwimarike yobungcali, Imifuno yabantwana ithatha indawo exabisekileyoUkutya okusemgangathweni ophezulu, iindawo zokutyela (itshaneli yeHORECA), ukutya, ukhenketho lwezokupheka, kunye neevenkile ezikhethekileyo. Nangona umthamo wentengiso uphantsi kunowemifuno "eqhelekileyo", ixabiso ngekhilogram linokuba phezulu kabini okanye kathathu kunemveliso eqhelekileyo.
Inxalenye yempumelelo yabo ibangelwa kukuba bahambelana ngokugqibeleleyo ne Imikhwa emitsha yokusebenzisa: ukutya okuncinci, ukutya okukhawulezayo, kunye nokutya okulula okunempiloZikwabathandeka kubantwana nakubantu abancinci kuba kulula ukuzitya ngokuluma kanye kwaye indlela ezibonakala ngayo inomtsalane kakhulu.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekhangayo kukuba imvakalelo yokutshaNgenxa yokuba zihlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye ziimveliso ezibuthathaka kakhulu, zihlala zithengiswa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuvunwa, nto leyo umthengi ayijonga njengomgangatho ophezulu.
Iingenelo kunye nemingeni yokukhulisa imifuno esemincinci
Ngokwembono yegadi, Imifuno emincinci ineenzuzo ezininzi ezinomdlaOkokuqala, zivumela ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza: imijikelo emininzi ithatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-60, ngoko ke ungadibanisa izivuno ezininzi ngonyaka kwindawo enye ephakanyisiweyo okanye etafileni yokukhulisa, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ukuba unendawo encinci.
Ngokwembono yokupheka, izityalo zabantwana ziyabonelela Iincasa ezimnandi, uburhabaxa obuqhotsiweyo, kunye nokulungiswa okukhawulezileyoIziqwenga ezininzi zityiwa njengoko zinjalo, zihlanjwe kwaye zilungele ipleyiti okanye ibhokisi yesidlo sasemini: iikhaphethi ezincinci, iikomkomere ezincinci, iitumato zetsheri, iiradish ezincinci okanye iilettuce ezincinci zifumaneka kakuhle kwiisaladi, izidlo zokutya kunye nezitya ezisecaleni.
Kwiifama zobungcali, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwexesha elifutshane kuvumela cwangcisa isivuno seveki nganye. Umzekelo kwi ilettuce yamagqabi amancinane Ukutyala izityalo ezingafaniyo kungalungiselelwa rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-2-3 ukuze kugcinwe ukutyala okungapheliyo phantse unyaka wonke.
Nangona kunjalo, icala elingalunganga lemali kukuba isivuno esincinci ukuphathwa okunzulu ngakumbi ngemitha yesikwereUkusebenza ngobuninzi obukhulu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, kufuna ukunkcenkceshela kakuhle, kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wezifo ukuba impilo yezityalo ayikhathalelwa.
Ngaphezu koko, kuba zincinci kwaye zithambile kakhulu, Umonakalo woomatshini ngexesha lokuvuna nasemva kokuvuna uxhaphakileUkusikwa okubi, ukukrweleka ngexesha lokuphathwa, okanye uxinano olubi lomkhuhlane zibonakala ngoko nangoko kwinkangeleko nakwixesha lokugcinwa kwemveliso.
Iintlobo neentlobo ezifanelekileyo zemifuno esemincinci
Phantse nayiphi na imifuno eneengcambu, iziqhamo, okanye imifuno enamagqabi ingahlengahlengiswa kwifomathi encinci, kodwa kuyacetyiswa khetha iintlobo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ezinempendulo entle ye-organolepticIinkwenkwezi ezininzi kwicandelo losana zizinzile kwimarike nakwiiprojekthi zophando.
Phakathi kweziqhamo, iitumato zohlobo lwetsheri kunye neediliya Iisaladi kunye nezidlo zokutya ezikhawulezayo ziphambili; iikomkomere ezincinci (njenge-Iznik F1) zizinto zakudala ezithambileyo kunye nezimuncumuncu; i-zucchini encinci Zityiwa ziluhlaza; ii-eggplants ezincinci (ezifana ne-'Patio Baby F1') zivelisa iziqhamo ezithambileyo kakhulu eziyi-8-10 cm; kwaye iipepile ezincinciZombini zimnandi kwaye zinongwe, zongeza umbala kunye nencasa kwiisaladi nakwiindawo zokugcina ukutya.
Kwiingcambu, usana iminqathe Mhlawumbi ziluphawu lwefomathi, kodwa iibhithi ezincinciezibonelela ngeebhalbhu ezithambileyo nezimnandi ezilula ukuziqhotsa okanye ukuzisika. iiradishi ezincinci Zikhuliswa ngemijikelo emifutshane kakhulu, zilungele abalimi abangenamonde.
Emagqabini, ihlabathi le Igqabi elincinci likhulu kakhulu: iiletisi zemibala eyahlukeneyoI-Arugula, ispinatshi, itshadi, i-mizuna, i-oriental mustard, amahlumela athambileyo axutyiweyo… ISpain kunye namanye amazwe aseMeditera ebesoloko evelisa la magqabi amatsha ukuze alungele ukutyiwa (uluhlu lwe-IV) kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Iiprojekthi ezifana nezo zenziwe yi-INIA eChile kunye nezinye izikhungo zase-Ibero-American zibonakalise amandla iintlobo ezithile zobukhulu obuncitshisiweyo kwi-lettuce, i-arugula, i-chard, ii-beet, iipepile kunye neekhukhamba, ezenzelwe iindawo zokutya kunye nezokhenketho.
Imigaqo yokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lomntwana
Ukuze ukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iinkalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, Ubungakanani bokugqibela besiqhamo okanye igqabi kufuneka bube buncinci ngokulinganayoIinkampani ezininzi zembewu sele zibhala imigca ethi “baby” okanye “mini”: iicucumber eziyi-10-12 cm, iiradishes eziyi-2-3 cm, izucchini eziyi-4-6 cm, njl.
El amandla kunye nomkhwa wokukhula Ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ziquka: izityalo ezincinci ziyathandwa, ezo zingadingi ukuthenwa okunzima okanye ukugawulwa okuntsonkothileyo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuba uza kuzityala kwiimbiza okanye kwiigadi zasezidolophini. Umzekelo, kwiitumato zetsheri, ungakhetha iintlobo ezilawulekayo kwiimbiza okanye iintlobo ezingaziwayo ukuba unegreenhouse okanye itrellis ende.
Enye into ephambili yi umjikelo wezityalo omfutshaneIikaroti ezincinci ezivunwa emva kweentsuku ezingama-60, iikomkomere ezincinci eziveliswa emva kweentsuku ezingama-50-60, okanye imifuno yamagqabi amancinci evunwa phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-45 zikuvumela ukuba udibanise iibhetshi ezininzi zonyaka kwaye usebenzise kakuhle indawo ekhoyo.
Akufunekanga siyilibale i ukumelana nezifoingakumbi ukuba ikhuliswe kwiindawo ezixineneyo okanye kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo. Kufanelekile ukukhangela ii-hybrids ezinyamezela i-downy mildew, i-powdery mildew, iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kwizityalo ze-solanaceous neze-cucurbit, kunye neengxaki zeengcambu. Oku akuthathi indawo yolawulo lwezinambuzane oludibeneyo, kodwa kunceda kakhulu.
Ekugqibeleni, kwimveliso ebonakalayo enjalo, indibaniselwano yemibala kunye neencasaIitumato ezibomvu zetsheri, iminqathe e-orenji eqaqambileyo, iibhithi ezincinci ezimfusa, amagqabi aluhlaza, abomvu okanye anemibala eyahlukeneyo… Yonke into iyadibana ukuze kwenziwe imixube enomtsalane kakhulu kwiisaladi kunye neepleyiti zokutya okumnandi.
Uluhlu lwamagqabi amancinci kunye nolwe-IV: imveliso ekhawulezayo nenzima
Iintsana zamagqabi ezisandula ukuzalwa amagqabi emifuno avunwa eselula kakhulu ukwenza imixube yesaladi esele ilungele ukutyiwa. ESpain nakwimimandla emininzi yaseYurophu, olu hlobo lwemveliso lunxulumene kakhulu noluhlu lwesine: ezo ngxowa zifrijiweyo ozithengayo, uzivule kwaye uziphakele ngokuthe ngqo.
Imijikelo yemveliso yala magqabi athambileyo yile imfutshane kakhulu: phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-45Kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye nommandla. Ekwindla nasebusika, umzantsi-mpuma weSpain (iMurcia kunye nomntla weAlmería) uthatha indawo enkulu yokutyala; entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, imveliso itshintshela kwiindawo ezininzi zangaphakathi okanye kumantla Yurophu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezilungele ukutyiwa (ezinoluhlu lwe-IV) kuye kwanda ngokuqhubekayo ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-80. Iisaladi ezihlanjwe kwangaphambili nezisikiweyo ziyasebenza. Ilungele kakhulu iintsapho ezinexesha elincinci kunye nabantu abafuna ukutya into entsha ngaphandle kwengxaki. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, inxalenye enkulu yeesaladi zityiwa ngolu hlobo, kwaye lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Iimfuno zaseYurophu iintlobo ezintsha zelettuce kunye nezinye iintlobo ezibonelela ngemibala eyahlukileyo, ubume, kunye neencasa, ngelixa zivumela ukuthengiswa konyaka wonke. Oku kukhokelele kwikhathalogu yamagqabi amatsha abanzi neyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi.
Kule meko, uMmandla waseMurcia uzihlanganise njengo indawo ephambili yokulima amagqabi amatsha ESpain, imozulu kunye namava ezolimo zisivumela ukuba sinikeze imveliso phantse iinyanga ezili-12 ngonyaka, kunye neefama zobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nemijikelo edibeneyo yokutyala nokuvuna.
Indlela yokulungisa umhlaba okanye isiseko semifuno emincinci
Nokuba kusemasimini avulekileyo okanye kwiikhonteyina, isitshixo sempumelelo umhlaba okanye isiseko somhlaba esilungisiweyo kakuhle, esikhululekileyo nesingenamoyaIingcambu zemifuno emincinci zincinci kwaye ziyakhawuleza ukuxinana, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukususa amaqhuma kunye namatye kwaye uqinisekise ukuba amanzi ayaphuma kakuhle.
Kwiindawo zokubhala, kuyacetyiswa Susa ukhula ngaphambi kokutyalaLima okanye umbe ukuze uphefumle umphezulu uze ulinganise umhlaba. Umhlaba ofanayo unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlwayela kuyalingana kwaye ukuhluma rhoqo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke izityalo ukuze zifikelele kubukhulu bezithombo ngaxeshanye.
Kubalulekile ukufaka isandla izinto eziphilayo eziboliswe kakuhle (umgquba, umgquba obolile kakuhle, iimbungu ezicoliweyo) okanye izichumisi ezisisiseko ezilinganisiweyo, njengoko kubonisiwe luhlalutyo lomhlaba. Oku kuphucula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba, kugcina amanzi, kwaye kubonelela ngezondlo kancinci kancinci.
Kwiindawo zokutyala imbewu okanye kwiinkqubo ezixinzelelweyo, imixube yobungcali idla ngokusetyenziswa i-peat, i-coconut fiber kunye ne-perlite okanye i-vermiculite ngomlinganiselo oqikelelweyo we-3:1:1. Ezi ndibaniselwano zifezekisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokugcinwa komswakama kunye nokungena komoya, nto leyo efanelekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweengcambu ekuqaleni.
Kwiigadi zasezidolophini ezifakwe kwiikhonteyina, umlinganiselo oqikelelweyo we Iilitha ezi-6 zesiseko esisemgangathweni kwisityalo ngasinye Oku kwanele kwiintlobo ezininzi ezincinci (umzekelo, iimbiza ezinobukhulu obuyi-21 x 21 x 21,6 cm). Ezi ntlobo zezityalo zikhethwa ngokukodwa ukuze zikhule kwiindawo ezincinci.
Ukuba ukulima kwenziwe embizeni yokugqibela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakwe isichumiso esikhutshwa ngokulinganiselayo nesilawulwayo okanye yongeza iidosi ezincinci zesichumiso esinyibilikayo ngamaxesha athile, uphephe ukuchumisa kakhulu okunokutshisa iingcambu eziselula.
Iindlela zokukhulisa kwiimbiza nakwiindawo ezincinci
Imifuno yabantwana ifanelekile kakhulu iigadi ezikwiibalcony, iiterraces kunye neepatioUbukhulu bazo obuncinci kunye nomjikelo omfutshane wokukhula uvumela isivuno esikhulu kwindawo encinci ngelixa zigcina inkangeleko entle kakhulu yokuhombisa.
Kwiimbiza kunye nezityalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ii-substrates ezithile zegadi yemifunoItyebile kwizakhamzimba, ithambile, kwaye inokugcina umswakama kakuhle ngaphandle kokugalelwa ngamanzi. Ukwakheka kwayo kufuneka kube buthathaka ukuze iingcambu zikwazi ukuphonononga ngokulula ubungakanani obukhoyo.
Ukukhupha amanzi ngumjelo yenye ingongoma ebalulekileyo: iimbiza kufuneka zinemingxuma kwisisekoKucetyiswa kakhulu ukubeka umaleko wegrabile, udongwe olunwetshiweyo, okanye i-pozzolana ezantsi ngaphambi kokufaka i-substrate. Oku kuthintela amanzi ukuba aqokelele aze enze amadama kwindawo yeengcambu.
Ngokuphathelele ukubekwa kwezityalo, yimpazamo eqhelekileyo ukuzalisa imbiza kakhulu. Ukuze izityalo zikhule, kufuneka... hlonipha inkqubo yokutyala ecetyiswayo kwintlobo nganye. Ubuninzi obugqithisileyo abuthinteli nje kuphela ukukhula, kodwa bukwakhuthaza ukubonakala kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Uninzi lwale mifuno lufuna phakathi kweeyure ezi-6 kunye ne-8 zokukhanya kwelanga ngqo ngosukuOkona kulungileyo kukuba iimbiza zibekwe zijonge emazantsi okanye empuma, kuthintelwe iindawo ezinomthunzi ongaguqukiyo. Ehlotyeni, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhusele izityalo elangeni elinamandla ukuze ungazifaka kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.
Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuchumisa kwimifuno esemincinci
Izityalo ezincinci zinobunzima obuncinci bamagqabi kwaye umlinganiselo womphezulu ophezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nobunzimaOku kuzenza zibe sesichengeni kakhulu sembalela. Ngoko ke, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo, kufane, kwaye kusasazeke kakuhle kuyo yonke iprofayili yomhlaba apho iingcambu zikhoyo.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukufaka ukunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi okanye i-micro-sprinkler ethambileyoukuze amanzi afakwe kwindawo ethile ngaphandle kokuzalisa amagqabi. Kwizityalo ezifana neekomkomere ezincinci, ezisebenzisa amanzi amaninzi, inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ezinzileyo yenza umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho kunye nesivuno.
Kwimozulu efudumeleyo, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukunkcenkceshela. yonke imihla ngeeyure zasekuseniKwizindlu zokugcina izityalo okanye iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-substrate, ukunkcenkceshela kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube zizicelo ezimbalwa ezimfutshane imini yonke. Injongo kukugcina umswakama womhlaba ungaphakathi komgangatho okhululekileyo, ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuba wome ngokupheleleyo okanye uhlale umanzi.
Ukunciphisa iingxaki zefungi yamagqabi, kuyacetyiswa gxila amanzi kwindawo yengcambu kwaye uphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi kakhulu, ingakumbi emva kwemini. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa izityalo ezincinci zixhamla kumswakama ophezulu ongqongileyo, nto leyo enciphisa ukubila okugqithisileyo.
Kwimveliso yobungcali, oku kulandelayo kusetyenziswa: ukuchumisa: ukubonelela ngezichumisi ezinyibilikayo ngamanziIifomyula ze-NPK ezilungeleleneyo ezine-nitrogen emalunga ne-150-300 ppm, ezihlengahlengiswa ngokweentlobo kunye nenqanaba lokukhula, ziqhelekile. I-nitrogen ixhasa ukukhula kwamagqabi, i-phosphorus ikhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu, kwaye i-potassium iphucula ukuqina, incasa, kunye nobomi emva kokuvunwa.
Ukongeza kwi-macronutrients, imifuno yabantwana Bafuna izinto ezincinci ezifana ne-calcium, i-magnesium, i-boron, okanye i-zincEzi zinokusetyenziswa ngokunkcenkceshela okanye ngonyango oluncinci lwamagqabi, kuphephe ukugqithisela okuya kungcolisa amagqabi okanye kuvelise ubuthi.
Ukutyala, ukuqelelana, kunye nolawulo lwemihla ngemihla
Ulawulo lokutyala luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ufuna ukuvelisa izityalo ezisandula ukuzalwa imbewu eqhelekileyo evunwe ngaphambi kokuba Okanye nokuba uza kusebenzisa iintlobo ezikhethwe ngokukodwa kwifomathi encinci. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ungatyala iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeminqathe, iibhithi, okanye ilettuce uze uzivune zisencinci, kodwa iintlobo ezincinci zihlala zibonelela ngeemilo ezifanayo kunye nencasa engcono.
Ukushiyana kwezithuba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo: ukuhlwayela izityalo ezininzi kunesiqhelo kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. iingcambu okanye iziqhamo zihlala zincinciNangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo ukuze izityalo zibe nokukhanya okwaneleyo, amanzi, kunye nezondlo. Ubuninzi obugqithisileyo bubangela ukuba iziqu zibe buthathaka kwaye kubekho ukwanda kwezifo.
Kwizityalo ezinkulu zamagqabi amatsha, ezi zilandelayo ziyasetyenziswa: izithombo zembewu ezichanekileyo ekwaziyo ukusasaza izigidi zembewu ngehektare nganye ngokulinganayo. Kwigadi zasekhaya, sasaza nje imbewu ngokulinganayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka phezu kwebhedi ephakanyisiweyo okanye isixhobo sokutyala uze uyigqume ngomaleko omncinci wesiseko.
Ngexesha lomjikelo kubalulekile gcina umphezulu ungenakhulaIngakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala, xa izithole zingakagqumi umhlaba. Ukukhuhla ukhula ngesandla okulula, i-mulch yendalo (ingca, umgquba) okanye i-mulch yeplastiki kwimveliso ebanzi kunceda ekunciphiseni ukhuphiswano lokukhanya, amanzi kunye nezondlo.
Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lwezityalo, imifuno esemincinci idla ngokuqwalaselwa izityalo ezincinci kwimigaqo yococeko lwezityaloKungoko ke, kuqhelekile ukufumana iimveliso ezimbalwa ezibhalisiweyo. Oku kufuna ugxininiso oluqinileyo ekuthinteleni: ukujikeleza izityalo ngokufanelekileyo, ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo, ukuphefumla umoya, ukukhetha iintlobo ezimelana nezityalo, kwaye, xa kufuneka unyango, ukukhetha iimveliso ezigunyazisiweyo zesityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokukhulisa imifuno ebantwaneni ekhaya
Ukuba ufuna ukuziqalela eyakho igadi encinci yabantwana, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukuziqalela eyakho igadi encinci yabantwana. ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nekhalendaIikaroti, iibhithi, iiradishi, ilethisi encinci, ispinatshi, iarugula, iimbotyi eziluhlaza, iibhlumelo ezincinci zeBrussels, iikhukhamba kunye nezucchini ezincinci, kunye neetumato zecherry okanye zediliya, zifanelekile kakhulu kwifomathi yasekhaya.
Iikaroti ezincinci, umzekelo, zizinto Isisombululo esilungileyo xa ungenabunzulu bungako bomhlabaUngatyala uhlobo oluqhelekileyo uze uvune ngaphambi kokuba lufikelele kubukhulu balo obupheleleyo, okanye ujonge iintlobo ezithile ezincinci kwiivenkile zembewu ezidumileyo. Oku kuyasebenza nakwiibhithi ezininzi kunye neeradishes.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintshula zikhula ngokulinganayo, ibhedi yembewu kufuneka icoceke kakuhle, ingabi namaqhuma kwaye ibe nokufuma okuhle kokuqalaNje ukuba imbewu ityalwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umphezulu ufume kancinci (ngaphandle kokugcwala kwamanzi) de kuvele izithole.
Ukuvuna yenye yezona zihlandlo zibalulekileyo: imifuno emincinci iyavunwa xa zifikelele kubungakanani obufunekayo kunye nokuthungwaoku kudla ngokuba ngaphambi kwexesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ikhule ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, oku kungenzeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuhlwayela okanye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa.
Icebo elilula lokwandisa ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwemali yile Ukutyala izityalo rhoqo emva kweveki e-1-3Ngale ndlela uya kuhlala uneendawo zokulala okanye iimbiza ezilungele ukuvunwa kwaye uya kuphepha ukuphelelwa yimveliso kangangeeveki.
Ukujikeleza, izinambuzane, kunye nolunye ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuzala nokunciphisa iingozi zempilo, kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa ukujikeleza kwezityalo kwigadi yeziqhamoAkucetyiswa ukuba kuphindwe uhlobo olunye okanye usapho lwezityalo kwindawo enye ixesha lonyaka, kuba oku kunceda ukuqokelelana kwezinambuzane nezifo ezithile.
Kwimeko yemifuno emincinci, olu jikeleziso lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba Imijikelo inzima kakhulu. Kwaye ngexesha elifutshane, singabeka umhlaba ofanayo kwimijikelo eyahlukeneyo yezityalo. Ukutshintshanisa izityalo zeengcambu nezityalo zamagqabi, ukufaka iimbotyi ezilungisa initrogen, kunye nokusebenzisa amathuba okulima okanye umgquba oluhlaza zizinto ezilungileyo.
Iintshaba eziqhelekileyo zale mifuno zezi ii-aphids, ii-thrips, iimpukane ezimhlophe, ii-slugs, iifungi zamagqabi kunye nokubola kweengcambuUkubeka esweni rhoqo kuvumela ukuba iingxaki zifunyanwe kwasekuqaleni kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo ngeendlela zenkcubeko, ze-mechanical okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngeemveliso ezigunyazisiweyo ezihlonipha izilwanyana eziluncedo.
Kwiigadi zasekhaya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekwe phambili izinto amaqhinga okulawula indaloKubalulekile ukusebenzisa imigibe ye-chromatic, inethi yezinambuzane, ulawulo lwezinto eziphilayo, izicatshulwa zezityalo ezithambileyo, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokuphefumla. Izinambuzane ezininzi kunye nezifo ziyanda xa kudibene ukufuma okugqithisileyo, ubuninzi beempahla, kunye nokujikeleza komoya okungahambi kakuhle.
Ucoceko ngokubanzi lwendalo esingqongileyo lubalulekile: susa intsalela yezityalo ezinesifoUkungashiyi iimfumba zamagqabi amanzi ecaleni kwezityalo nokugcina iindlela kunye nemiphetho icocekile kunceda ekunciphiseni iindawo zokugcina iintsholongwane.
Kutheni kufanelekile ukutyala imali kwimifuno eyondliwe ngabantwana?
Imifuno esemincinci imele uhlobo lokulima izityalo ixabiso eliphezulu elongezelelekileyo, kokubini ngokwezoqoqosho nangokwesondloKubavelisi abaziingcali, bamele ithuba lokufikelela kwiindlela zokutya kunye neendawo zokutyela ezinamaxabiso angaphezulu kakhulu kwalawo emifuno eqhelekileyo, ukuba nje ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwezolimo kunye nokuphathwa ngononophelo emva kokuvuna kuyasebenza.
Kwigadi yosapho, ezi zityalo zibonelela Indlela elula yokwahlukahluka, ukusebenzisa indawo ngcono, nokutya imifuno emitsha.Ngeembiza zeelitha ezi-6 kuphela kunye neentlobo ezincinci, kunokwenzeka ukuba uzalise nayiphi na ithala okanye ibalcony ngombala kunye nencasa, ukonwabela izidlo ezinempilo ezikufutshane.
Ukudibanisa ukhetho oluhle lweentlobo ngeentlobo, umhlaba okanye iziseko ezilungiselelwe kakuhle, ukunkcenkceshela okulungisiweyo, ukujikeleza okufanelekileyo, kunye nokunyamekela ekuvuneni nasekuphatheni okulandelayo kuvumela fumana imifuno emincinci ethambileyo, ekrwada nebonakala ingenasiphakoNgamava amancinci, igadi yabantwana iba yenye yezona kona zizuzisayo zendlu.
- Imifuno yabantwana idibanisa imijikelo emifutshane, umgangatho ophezulu we-organoleptic kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lorhwebokokubini kwiigadi zasekhaya nakwimveliso yobungcali.
- Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nomhlaba okanye isiseko esilungisiweyo kakuhle Zisisiseko sokufumana izityalo ezincinci nezisempilweni ezinobukhulu obufanayo.
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngokuchanekileyo, uxinano olufanelekileyo, kunye nokujikeleza kwezityalo Zinciphisa iingxaki zezinambuzane nezifo kwezi nkqubo zinzima kakhulu.
- Imifuno emincinci efakwe kwimbiza kunye namagqabi amancinci Zikuvumela ukuba ube neesaladi ezintsha kunye nezidlo zokutya unyaka wonke kwiindawo ezincinci kakhulu.
