La ibhatata okanye yam Sele iyeyona mifuno ibalaseleyo kwiigadi zasekhaya nakwiindawo ezincinci. Imnandi, iyanelisa, inesondlo kakhulu, kwaye, ngolwazi oluncinci, kulula ukuyityala nokuba usaqala. Ngaphezu koko, isityalo sisityalo esihombisa kakhulu, ngoko ke sidibanisa imveliso kunye nobuhle kwisityalo esinye.
Ngaso sonke esi sikhokelo uya kufumana zonke izitshixo ze ukukhulisa iibhatata ezimnandiUkususela ekukhetheni uhlobo olufanelekileyo nokufumana izithole, ukuya ekulungiseleleni umhlaba, ekunkcenkcesheleni, ekufakeni isichumiso, ekulawuleni izinambuzane, ekuvuneni, nasekulondolozeni. Uza kubona iindlela zokuhlwayela egadini, kwizikhongozeli ezinkulu, nakwindlu eluhlaza, kunye neengcebiso zeengcali zemozulu ezinexesha elifutshane lokukhula.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-sweet potato kwaye kutheni ifanelwe yindawo emyezweni wakho?
Nangona siyibiza ngokuba yi-tuber, i-batata yingcambu yokugcina iveliswe sisityalo esirhubuluzayo sohlobo ipomoeaInxulumene nezinye izidiliya zokuhombisa. Ngexesha lokudubula, ibukeka njengentyatyambo yentsimbi kunetapile yakudala, kodwa phantsi komhlaba, ikhula ezo ingcambu zinenyama esizithandayo kakhulu.
Isityalo si ifudumele kwaye ishushu ehlotyeniIfuna ukufudumala okungapheliyo, iinyanga ezininzi ngaphandle kweqabaka, kwaye ayinyamezeli amaxesha amade obushushu aphantsi. Kwimozulu epholileyo okanye ebandayo, oku kufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo lweshedyuli yokutyala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithole, iigreenhouse, okanye izikhongozeli ukwandisa ixesha lokukhula.
Ngokwexabiso layo lesondlo, i-sweet potato ithathwa njenge- "ukutya okuphezulu"Inika malunga ne-90 kcal kwi-100 g nganye, i-vitamin A eninzi (ingakumbi leyo inenyama yeorenji), i-vitamin C, i-potassium, i-fiber, kunye ne-antioxidants. Ingabhakwa, ibiliswe, iqhotswe, icujwe, isetyenziswe kwiikhrimu, okanye njengesithako seetarts kunye neekeyiki, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenziseke kakhulu ekhitshini.
Ngokwembono yezolimo, yinto isivuno esingadingi kakhulu izakhamzimbaIyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba logama nje ikwazi ukufunxa amanzi kakuhle. Oku kuyenza ibe yeyona ifanelekileyo kwiigadi zeentsapho, iigadi zasezidolophini, kunye neegadi ezincinci.
Imozulu kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zokukhulisa iibhatata ezimnandi
Ibhatata sisityalo se- imozulu eshushu, eshushu okanye eshushuIbuthathaka kakhulu kwiqabaka, kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-15°C ukukhula kwayo kuyayeka. Ukuze ufumane isivuno esihle, udinga ubuncinane iinyanga ezine zobushushu obuphantsi okanye obufudumeleyo kwaye ungabi namngcipheko weqabaka.
Amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo okulima amalunga 20-35 ° CIngakhula kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi njenge-15°C, kodwa ikhula ngamandla nangokukhawuleza xa umhlaba nomoya zigcinwa zifudumele. Kwimozulu ebandayo okanye apho kunemithombo emifutshane kakhulu, iigreenhouse, iitonela, okanye izikhongozeli ezibekwe kwiindawo ezinelanga nezikhuselekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelele ukufuma, iitapile ezimnandi zikhetha iindawo zokusingqongileyo eziphakathiIfuna amanzi aphakathi kwama-450 nama-640 mm, asasazeke kulo lonke ixesha layo lokukhula, kodwa ayichaphazeleki kakhulu kukuxinana kwamanzi ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela ukubola kweengcambu. Ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kodwa okulawulwayo kubalulekile.
Ukuba uhlala kummandla one ixesha elifutshane lokukhulaUngafumana iiveki ezixabisekileyo ngokuqala izithole ngaphakathi ebusika (ngoJanuwari-Februwari) uze uzityale kwakhona xa sele zikhulile xa amaqondo obushushu angaphandle ekhuselekile. Le ndlela, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo, ikuvumela ukuba uvune iintlobo ezikhula kamva. Ngaphezu koko, ezininzi Izityalo ziyazala ngokusika, indlela efanelekileyo yokufumana izithole zebhatata elimnandi.
Umhlaba ofanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba
Ukuze kubekho isivuno esikhulu, umhlaba kufuneka ube nzulu, ithambile kwaye ikhupha amanzi kakuhleIitapile ezimnandi zikhula kakuhle kumhlaba okhululekileyo kwi-30 cm yokuqala, zingenamatye, amagada kunye nemiqobo enokuthi itshintshe iingcambu.
Ngokuphathelele i-pH, iphathwa kakuhle emhlabeni i-acidic kancinciPhakathi kwe-5,0 kunye ne-6,5 (nangona iincwadi ezininzi zikwakhankanya i-5,5-6,5 njengoluhlu olufanelekileyo). Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, izondlo zifumaneka lula kwaye iingcambu zinokukhula ngaphandle kweengxaki. Kubalulekile nokuba nakho ukugcina umswakama ngaphandle kokugcwala.
Ukuze uphucule umhlaba, ungaxuba umhlaba wegadi onesanti kunye nomgqubaIsanti inika umoya kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi, ngelixa umgquba unika izondlo kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Enye indibaniselwano eqhelekileyo yokulima izikhongozeli yi-1/3 yomgquba, i-1/3 ye-vermiculite, kunye ne-1/3 ye-peat moss, okwenza i-substrate ekhaphukhaphu nenomoya.
Ngaphambi kokutyala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlakule okanye umbe umhlaba iisentimitha ezimbalwa uze uwubumbe imiqolo okanye imiqoloLe mijelo iphakanyisiweyo yenza kube lula ukufunxa amanzi, ifudumale umhlaba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ivumela iingcambu ukuba zikhule ngokukhululekileyo. Ikhuba lanele kwiifama ezincinci, kodwa kufuneka oomatshini kwiindawo ezinkulu.
Iindidi ezinomdla ngakumbi zebhatata elimnandi kunye ne-yam
Kukho umahluko omhle we iintlobo zebhatataezahluka ngombala wolusu, umbala we-pulp, incasa, ubukho bee-antioxidants kunye nokuziphatha kwazo kwezolimo (umjikelo omde okanye omfutshane, ukumelana nezifo, njl.njl.).
Kwimozulu enamaxesha onyaka amafutshane, kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba CovingtonLuhlobo olukhula kwangethuba kwaye luyaziwa kwamanye amazwe. Luvelisa iingcambu ezinomzimba o-orenji obukhali kunye nolusu olupinki olumnyama, olukwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa ngcono kunezinye nehlobo elingekude kakhulu, ukuba nje lufumana ubushushu obaneleyo.
Phakathi kweentlobo ezilinywa kakhulu kwiigadi zasekhaya, ezi zilandelayo nazo zivelele: IBeauregard, iJewel kunye neOkinawaIBeauregard ixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yemveliso yayo kunye nencasa yayo emnandi nethambileyo; IJewel inesikhumba esiorenji kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nezifo kakuhle; kwaye iOkinawa iphawuleka ngepulp yayo emfusa etyebileyo kwiiantioxidant.
Ukongeza kwiintlobo zorhwebo, iintlobo zemveli ziyalinywa kumazwe ahlukeneyo athetha iSpanish, afana Purple INTA, Yellow Criolla, White Criolla, Purple Tucumana okanye O' HenryPhakathi kwezinye. Uninzi lwazo lumnandi kakhulu, luneempawu ezilungileyo zokugcina ukutya kunye nokulungelelana ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda okungakumbi malunga nokwahluka kwendawo, jonga ulwazi malunga iintlobo zemveli kunye nomahluko.
Iintlobo zebhatata emnandi ngokwemibala yenyama
Indlela esebenzayo yokukhetha into oza kuyilima kukujonga umbala we-pulpokuhlala kunxulunyaniswa neprofayili yayo yesondlo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo rhoqo ekuphekeni.
Iitapile ezimnandi okanye ii-yams ipulp e-orenji Ezi mhlawumbi zezona zidumileyo. Zityebile kwi-beta-carotene (i-provitamin A) kwaye zinencasa emnandi efanelekileyo yokosa, ukwenza ii-purée, okanye ukuyisebenzisa ekubhakeni. Iindidi ezikweli qela ziquka iBeauregard, iJewel, iCentennial, kunye neGeorgia Jet, phakathi kwezinye.
Iitapile ezimnandi ezivela intlama emfusa Ziphawuleka ngomxholo wazo ophezulu kakhulu we-antioxidant, ingakumbi i-anthocyanins. Zixhaphakile kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo nezifudumeleyo, kwaye ulusu lwazo lunokwahluka ukusuka kombala omfusa ukuya kobomvu, kuquka umbala omdaka okanye omhlophe. Ubume bazo kunye nencasa yazo kuzenza zilungele izitya ezinomtsalane kunye neeresiphi ezinobuchule ngakumbi.
Kwimeko yeebhatata ezimnandi umgubo omthubiIncasa ihlala imnandi kodwa yahlukile kancinci, inencasa ethambileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo zibonelela nge-vitamin C eninzi, i-vitamin B6, i-potassium, kunye ne-fiber. Iintlobo ezifana neCriolla Amarilla okanye iTucumana Morada (ulusu olumfusa, inyama etyheli) zimizekelo exabisekileyo kumazwe afana neArgentina.
Ekugqibeleni, iitapile ezimnandi ze ipulp emhlophe okanye ekhrimu Zinobumnandi obuncinci kwaye zinobume obufana nenyama. Imizekelo iquka u-O'Henry, uCriolla Blanca okanye uBrasilera Blanca, kwaneSatsumaimo yaseJapan, enesikhumba sayo esibomvu nenyama yayo ekhaphukhaphu, exabiseke kakhulu ekutyeni kwaseJapan.
Batata, boniato… ngaba bayafana?
Amagama ahlukeneyo anokubangela ukudideka, kodwa xa kusenziwa Ibhatata emnandi kunye ne-boniato zibhekisa kwisityalo esinyeNgokuxhomekeke kwilizwe nakwingingqi, zinokubizwa ngokuba yi-camote, i-sweet potato, i-boniato, njl.njl., kodwa sisoloko sibhekisela kwintlobo enye enotshintsho oluncinci lwengingqi. Ukuze ubone indlela ezithiywa ngayo ezinye iibhatata, ungajonga uluhlu lweebhatata. amagama ezilwanyana eziyizigaxa ezityiwayo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uya kwindawo yokugcina izityalo okanye kwimarike uze ubuze ibhatata okanye yamBaza kukunika uhlobo olufanayo lweengcambu, nangona uhlobo oluthile (umbala wesikhumba kunye ne-pulp, incasa, ubungakanani) lunokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nomthengisi.
Iindlela zokusasaza iitapile ezimnandi: amahlumela kunye neziqwenga
Ngokungafaniyo netapile eqhelekileyo, itapile emnandi ayityalwa ngokusika iziqwenga zetyhubhu ngqo emhlabeni. Indlela eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa amahlumela okanye izihlahla ezithathwe kwiingcambu eziphilileyo, ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba “ziimbewu zeetapile” xa zigcinwa kwisivuno sangaphambili ukuze zivelise izithole.
Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiigadi zasekhaya. Eyokuqala ifana novavanyo lwe-avokhado yakudala: Ubeka inxalenye esezantsi yebhatata emanziniYiqinise ngamazinyo phezu komphetho weglasi okanye ijagi, ukuze kuphela inxalenye esezantsi intywiliseleke. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, amahlumela amancinci aya kuqala ukuhluma, athi xa efikelela malunga ne-20 cm, ahlulwe aze atyalwe.
Indlela yesibini ibandakanya Ngcwaba iitapile kancinci kwidrowa okanye kwitreyi ene-substrate.Ibekwe kwindawo ekhanyayo nefudumeleyo, kwaye igcinwe ifumile, ityhubhu iya kuvelisa amahlumela amaninzi anokunqunyulwa aze asetyenziswe njengezithole. Le nkqubo iluncedo kakhulu xa ufuna ukufumana iziqwenga ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Kwimveliso emikhulu, “ibhedi yembewu”Kuphawulwa uxande olumalunga nama-80 cm ububanzi (kwaye ubude obufunekayo) , kumbiwe umngxuma onzulu ongama-5-10 cm, imbewu yebhatata ibekwe kumqolo ongama-5 cm ukwahlukana, ize igqunywe ngumhlaba ongama-8-10 cm. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-60, xa amahlumela ephakathi kwama-25 ukuya kuma-30 cm ubude kwaye enamagqabi angama-6-10, ayanqunyulwa aze... ukufakelwa kwindawo yokugqibela.
Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezithile zezityalo ze-nursery, ungasoloko zama iibhatata ezithengwe evenkileniAzihlumi kakuhle rhoqo (ngamanye amaxesha ziye zanyangwa ukuze zingakhuli), kodwa ngethamsanqa uza kufumana izithole ezisebenzisekayo, ingakumbi ukuba uqala inkqubo yokuhluma malunga neenyanga ezintathu ngaphambi komhla wokutyala ocwangcisiweyo.
Ixesha lokutyala iibhatata ezimnandi egadini okanye kwigreenhouse
Umhla wokutyala okanye wokutyala izityalo uza kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimozulu yakho. Kwimozulu eshushu, ukulima iitapile ezimnandi kucwangcisiwe phakathi kuka-Epreli noJuni, xa amaqondo obushushu sele ezinzile, umhlaba ushushu kwaye akukho qabaka ebusuku elilindelekileyo.
Kwiindawo ezibandayo, isitshixo kukulinda de kudlule umngcipheko wokugqibela weqabaka kwaye umhlaba ushushu ngokwenene. Ukusuka apho, izithole zityalwa ngaphandle kwaye umjikelo Iintsuku ezi-130 ukuya kwezi-150 ukususela ekuhlwayelweni ukuya ekuvunweni, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye neemeko.
Ukuba ukhula ngaphantsi greenhouse okanye itonelaUngazisa ukutyala emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, ukuba nje isakhiwo sigcina ubushushu obungaphakathi bungaphezulu kwe-15°C, ingakumbi ebusuku. Iindlu zokugcina izityalo kunye nezityalo zangaphakathi Zivumela ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwemozulu, nto leyo enomdla ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukufumana isivuno esiqhelekileyo okanye uhlole imveliso encinci yorhwebo.
Nokuba kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ucwangcise ubuncinane Iinyanga ezi-4-5 zokulima ngempumelelo ukususela ekuhlwayelweni ukuze iitapile zifikelele kubukhulu obuhle, ingakumbi iintlobo eziphakathi okanye ezisekupheleni komjikelo.
Umgama wokutyala kunye nesakhelo sokutyala
Indlela yokutyala ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani beengcambu kunye nokulula kokulawulwa kwezityalo. Iitapile ezimnandi zenza izityalo ezinkulu kakhulu, kunye nezidiliya ezilandelelanayo ezinokukhula kude kakhulu ukuba aziphazanyiswa.
Egadini, umkhwa oqhelekileyo kukuhamba 50-60 cm phakathi kwemiqolo kunye ne-30-40 cm phakathi kwezityalo kumqolo omnye. Le ndawo ivumela izityalo ukuba zikhule ngaphandle kokhuphiswano olugqithisileyo kwaye inika iingcambu indawo yokutyeba.
Kwizityalo ezinkulu, kusetyenziswa isithuba semigca esingama-80 cm ukuya kwi-1 m kwaye 15-40 cm phakathi kwezityaloUkulungisa umgama ngokwendlela uhlobo olukhula ngayo kunye nobukhulu beengcambu obufunekayo. Ukugquma amaqhuqhuva amaninzi esithombo kudla ngokubangela isivuno esiphezulu, njengoko iingcambu ezininzi zikhula ecaleni kwesiqu.
Ukuba uza kukhula kwiitreyi okanye kwiidrowa, qiniseka ukuba banazo ubuncinane Umthamo weelitha ezingama-30 kunye nobunzulu obumalunga nama-30 cm, ukuze iingcambu zikhule ngaphandle kwemida. Shiya isithuba esaneleyo phakathi kwezityalo ngaphakathi kwisikhongozeli ukuze zingaxinani. Kwiigadi ezincinci, ezi ndlela zifanelekile kakhulu (izityalo kwiindawo ezivalekileyo).
Indlela yokutyala iitapile inyathelo ngenyathelo
Wakuba sele ulungele ukusikwa okanye izithole, inyathelo elilandelayo lungisa umhlaba uze wenze utyando ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe amahlumela angama-20-30 cm ubude, anamaqhuqhuva amaninzi namagqabi akheke kakuhle.
Okokuqala, nkcenkceshela umhlaba okanye isitya kancinci ngosuku olungaphambi kokutyala, ukuze isiseko sibe manzi. ifumile kodwa ayikho manziOkulandelayo, yenza imingxunya emincinci kumqolo okanye phezu komphezulu wembiza, enzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ugqume amaqhuqhuva ambalwa phantsi komhlaba.
Faka isiphelo sesiqwenga ngasinye emngxunyeni, ushiye amanye amagqabi angaphezu komhlaba Emva koko cinezela umhlaba kancinci ujikeleze isiqu ukuze usiqinise. Kuqhelekile ukugquma malunga ne-1,5 cm yesiqu, nangona ungangena nzulu ukuba isiqwenga side kwaye sinamandla.
Emva kokutyala, nkcenkceshela kancinci kwakhona ukuze isiseko sime sijikeleze iingcambu ezikhulayo. Oku kunkcenkceshela kokuqala kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukutsha kwesityalo esitsha kwaye kukhuthaze isityalo ukuba sikhule iingcambu ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ukufakelwa kwesilwanyana kwenziwa ngaphandle kwaye ubusuku busapholile, kuyacetyiswa khusela izityalo ngetonela encinci okanye i-mini-greenhouse Yenziwe ngee-hoops kunye neplastiki, okanye ukwenza izithinteli zomoya ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (iifestile ezindala, umzekelo). Nantoni na enika ubushushu obongezelelekileyo kunye nendawo yokukhusela umoya iya kunceda kwezi veki zimbalwa zokuqala.
Ukunkcenkceshela, ukufuma kunye nokufaka umgquba
Ukunkcenkceshela kubalulekile kwesi sityalo. Iitapile ezimnandi zixabisa ukufumaneka kwamanzi aneleyo. umhlaba ohlala umanzi kancinciNangona kunjalo, ayinyamezeli amadama okanye ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu ixesha elide. Ngokubanzi, kucetyiswa ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo ehlotyeni kwaye kungasoloko kusenziwa ngamaxesha abandayo.
Iigadi zeziqhamo ezininzi zilandela ishedyuli ethile yokunkcenkceshela. Iiyure ezingama-48 phakathi ehlotyeni kwaye rhoqo emva kweeyure ezingama-72 kwezinye iimeko zonyaka, uhlengahlengisa ngokohlobo lomhlaba kunye nemozulu yendawo. Kwimihlaba enesanti kakhulu ungadinga ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngelixa kwimihlaba enzima ukungabi rhoqo kuya kwanela.
Ukuze kukhuliswe izityalo ekhaya nasezimbizeni, ukunkcenkceshela Lukhetho olulula kakhulu, kuba lugcina umswakama ozinzileyo ngaphandle kokumanzisa amagqabi kakhulu. Nokuba yeyiphi na inkqubo oyikhethayo, kuphephe ukuvumela i-substrate yome ngokupheleleyo kangangeentsuku ezininzi, ingakumbi kwiintsuku zokuqala nezokugqibela ezingama-40 zomjikelo, ezizezona zigaba zibalulekileyo.
Enye indlela enomdla kakhulu kukusebenzisa i-mulch ngengca ecocekileyo okanye ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Xa isetyenziswa kwindawo yeengcambu, inciphisa umphunga, igcina ubushushu bomhlaba buzinzile, kwaye ithintela ukubonakala kokhula olukhuphisanayo, oluluncedo ngakumbi kwizikhongozeli apho isiseko somileyo ngokukhawuleza.
Izichumisi ezicetyiswayo, ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye neziseko zomhlaba
Nangona i-sweet potato ingelona sityalo sinzima kakhulu, isabela kakuhle kakhulu xa inikwa iimeko ezifanelekileyo. umhlaba otyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayoUkongeza umgquba ovuthiweyo ngaphambi kokutyala kuphucula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba, ukugcinwa komswakama, kunye nomxholo wezondlo.
Izichumisi ezicetyiswayo kakhulu kwesi sityalo zezo ityebile kwi-phosphorus kunye ne-potassiumEzi zondlo zikhuthaza ukwakheka kweengcambu kunye nokuqina kweebhatata ezimnandi. Ukulinganisela kwe-nitrogen okuphakathi ekuqaleni kunceda ekuveliseni amagqabi amahle, kodwa i-nitrogen eninzi inokubangela amagqabi amaninzi kunye neengcambu ezimbalwa.
Phakathi kwezichumiso zendalo, ezi zilandelayo zibalaseleyo: umgquba owenziwe ekhaya kunye nomgquba obolile kakuhleEzi zikhupha izondlo kancinci kancinci kwaye ziphucule umhlaba kwixesha eliphakathi. Izichumisi ezingamanzi, ezifana nezo zisekelwe kwizityalo zaselwandle, nazo zingasetyenziswa, zisetyenziswe ngokunkcenkceshela ngenye indlela okanye ngokutshiza amagqabi.
Iingcali ezininzi zicebisa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngamanye amaxesha izichumisi ezipheleleyo zamagqabiXa zitshizwa emagqabini, ezi mveliso zibonelela ngezakhamzimba ezincinci kwaye zilungisa ukungabikho kwezakhamzimba ezincinci. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezifumanekayo kwimarike, ngoko ke ungakhetha leyo ifanele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho kunye neemfuno zesityalo sakho.
Ngokuphathelele izinto zorhwebo, kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa imixube ethile yendalo esetyenziselwa igadi yemifunoEzi ngxubevange zeembiza zihlala ziquka umgquba, ifayibha yekhokhonathi, kunye ne-perlite okanye i-vermiculite. Ifayibha yekhokhonathi igcina umswakama kwaye inceda ukugcina isiseko singena umoya, nto leyo ekhuthaza inkqubo yeengcambu esempilweni nesebenzayo.
Izixhobo nezixhobo eziluncedo ekulimeni
Ukuze ukhule iibhatata ezimnandi ngempumelelo, awudingi matshini, kodwa udinga... izixhobo ezisisiseko ezinceda umsebenzi kwaye ziphephe umgudu ongeyomfuneko. Enye yezona zibalulekileyo yikhuba, elisetyenziselwa ukulungisa umhlaba, ukwenza imiqolo, kunye nokunyusa umhlaba ojikeleze izityalo.
Ifosholo yesikwere iluncedo kakhulu Susa umhlaba, xuba iziseko, uze ugcwalise izikhongozeliUkuba ukhetha iimodeli zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, uza komelela kwaye uhlale ixesha elide, into exatyiswayo xa usebenza ngemigangatho enzima.
Ireyikhi, yona, iya kukuvumela lungisa umphezulu womhlabaukuqhekeza amagada amancinci omhlaba nokususa amatye okanye inkunkuma yezityalo. Iireyi zesinyithi zihlala ziqinile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, ingakumbi ukuba umhlaba awuzange usebenze ixesha elide.
Asimele sizilibale izixhobo zokuphatha ezicokisekileyo, ezifana umlimi wezandla ukuze kungene umoya emhlabeni ojikeleze izityalo, izikere zokuthena ukuze kunqunyulwe izikhokelo okanye kususwe amagqabi awonakeleyo, kunye neeglavu ezilungileyo zokulima ukuze kukhuselwe izandla zakho ekukrwelekeni nasemeveni.
Ukuba ulima indawo enkulu, ikiriva Kuya kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthuthwa komgquba, umgquba, okanye i-substrate, kunye nokususwa kwenkunkuma yokuthena kunye nokhula. Kwaye, ewe, ipayipi ene-diffuser okanye inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu iya kukunceda ugcine umswakama owaneleyo ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Ukukhulisa iibhatata ezimnandi kwiikhonteyina nakwii-greenhouse
Xa imozulu ipholile okanye ixesha lonyaka lifutshane, tyala iibhatata e izitya ezinkulu Oku kuba luncedo olukhulu. Umhlaba osembizeni ufudumala ngokukhawuleza kunomhlaba wegadi, kwaye ungazifudusela iimbiza kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ukuba iimeko ziyatshintsha. Ukuba ufuna izikhokelo ezithile zokufuya ukukhulisa iitapile ezimnandi kwizikhongozeliUninzi lwezi ngcebiso ziyasebenza kwiitapile ezimnandi.
Ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezilungileyo, isikhongozeli kufuneka sibe nobuncinane Ubunzulu obuyi-30 cm kunye nobubanzi obuyi-40 cminemingxunya eyaneleyo yokukhupha amanzi. Izaliswe ngumxube olula osekelwe kwi-compost, peat kunye ne-vermiculite okanye i-coconut fiber, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi agqithisileyo anokuphuma lula.
Nje ukuba iziqwenga zityalwe, kubalulekile kancinci kancinci qinisa izityalo Ukuba zikhulele ngaphakathi endlwini, vula iifestile ngeentsuku ezifudumeleyo okanye ukhuphe iimbiza iiyure ezimbalwa ukuze uziqhele ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuba uzishiye ngaphandle unaphakade.
Kwindlu eluhlaza, iibhatata ezimnandi zikhula kakuhle kunye nezinye izityalo ezithanda ubushushu, ezifana neetumato kunye nepepile. Ungazibeka izikhongozeli ecaleni kwazo, usebenzise inkqubo efanayo yokunkcenkceshela ngamaconsi kwaye uzuze kubushushu obuphezulu ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Kwiimeko zangaphandle ezinomoya omninzi, unokuba nomdla khokela iziqu phezu kwesakhiwo setrellisokanye uzibophe kwiintambo eziqinileyo, ingakumbi ngaphakathi kwindlu eluhlaza. Ngale ndlela, isityalo sisebenzisa ngcono indawo ethe nkqo kwaye amagqabi afumana ukukhanya okungakumbi. Jonga iindlela zokukhetha iimbotyi eziqinileyo kunye nezityalo ezinyukayo ukuba ufuna inkxaso okanye iintlobo ezincedisayo.
Ukunyamekela ngexesha lokukhula: ukukhanya, ukuthenwa kunye nokulawulwa kwezidiliya
Ibhatata emnandi iyayidinga ilanga elipheleleyo Ukuze isebenze kakuhle, yibeke kwindawo enelanga kakhulu egadini, kwindawo yemifuno, okanye kwindawo eluhlaza, uphephe iikona ezigqunywe yimithi okanye izakhiwo. Okukhona ifumana ilanga elithe ngqo emini, kokukhona iingcambu ziya kukhula ngcono.
Ngexesha lokukhula, izityalo ziya kuvelisa ixesha elide izikhokelo zokukhasa ezinokufikelela kumgama omde. Kwizindlu zokugcina izityalo, kuqhelekile ukufaka iintambo okanye izixhaso ukuze imidiliya inyuke, ngelixa ngaphandle zinokunyuka itrellis okanye zisasazeke emhlabeni zenze ikhaphethi eluhlaza.
Ukuba ii-guides ziba zinde kakhulu (zingaphezulu kwama-60 cm), kuyacetyiswa ukuba cima okanye usike kancinci iziphelo ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamahlumela asecaleni. Olu qheliselo lukhuthaza inani elikhulu leengcambu kwaye lunokuphucula isivuno. Amagqabi athambileyo owasikayo ayatyiwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye afana nesipinatshi ngencasa nangobume.
Ngokuphathelele ukugcinwa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kujongwe ukuba kukho ukhulaIngakumbi ekuqaleni komjikelo, ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela agqume ngokupheleleyo imiqolo ephakathi. Ukususa ukhula ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokugquma, kudla ngokwanela ukugcina ukhuphiswano luphantsi kolawulo.
Ewe izibetho nezifoIibhatata ezimnandi ziqinile, kodwa kwezinye iindawo zinokuchaphazeleka zii-wireworms, ii-cutworms, ii-nematodes, iintsholongwane, okanye ii-aphids. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngeengxaki ezinokubakho kunye nolawulo lwazo, jonga [ikhonkco kumaxwebhu afanelekileyo]. izinambuzane ezihlasela ibhatata.
Ukuvuna iitapile ezimnandi: nini kwaye njani
Ixesha lokuvuna libalwa ngokusekelwe kuzo zombini ixesha elidlulile ukusukela ekufakweni kwenye indawo kunye nokubonakala kwamagqabi. Uninzi lweentlobo lulungele phakathi kweentsuku ezili-130 kunye ne-150 emva kokutyala iziqwenga kwindawo yazo yokugqibela, nangona iintlobo ezivuthwa kwangoko zinokunciphisa eli xesha liye kwiintsuku ezingama-90-100.
Uphawu olucacileyo lokuba lixesha lokucoca kukuba amagqabi aqala ukuba tyheliKule ndawo iingcambu sele zifikelele kubukhulu obaneleyo kwaye ukulibazisa isivuno kwandisa umngcipheko wokonakala kwengqele ukuba kufika iqabaka zokuqala.
Ukukhupha iitapile ezimnandi kungcono sebenza ngononophelo nangesandlaSebenzisa ifolokhwe yokumba okanye ikhuba elincinci ukuze ukhulule umhlaba ngaphandle kokunqumla iingcambu. Ngokungafaniyo neetapile, ulusu lwetapile luthambile kakhulu ngexesha lokuvuna, ngoko ke luphathe ngobunono ukuze ungagruzuki kwaye ungaphuki.
Kwimihlaba emikhulu, oomatshini bokuvuna abakhethekileyo bangasetyenziswa, kodwa kwiigadi zasekhaya, ukuvuna ngesandla kuseyeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokugcina umgangatho weebhanana. Kungcono ukuchitha ixesha elingakumbi kwaye uphephe ukonakalisa ulusu, njengoko oku kuchaphazela ngqo ixesha lazo lokuphelelwa.
Kwimozulu apho iqabaka lifika kwangethuba kakhulu, abanye abalimi bezityalo bakhetha ukuvuna ngamanqanabaOkokuqala, susa iingcambu ezikhule kakhulu uze uzishiye ezinye emhlabeni kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa soloko ususa isivuno sonke ngaphambi kokuba kuqale iqabaka ezinkulu.
Ukunyanga nokugcina iibhatata ezimnandi
Nje ukuba zivunwe, iitapile ezimnandi zifuna ixesha lokunyanga Ukuphilisa amanxeba amancinci, ukuqinisa ulusu, nokufezekisa ukuthamba okuphezulu. Le nkqubo yenziwa kwindawo efudumeleyo, enomoya ococekileyo, kude nelanga elithe ngqo.
Icebo lasekhaya libandakanya ukubeka iibhatata kumaleko omnye ngaphakathi kwiingxowa zeplastiki zesuphamakethi, wenze imingxunya embalwa kuzo ukuze kungene umoya, uzivale, uze uzishiye kwindawo epholileyo. ifestile ekhanyayo nefudumeleyo kangangeentsuku ezili-10. Ukuba imozulu inamafu okanye ibanda, iingxowa zingagqunywa ngetawuli okanye ngengubo ukuze zihlale zifudumele.
Emva kwesi sigaba sokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba iitapile zigcinwe kubushushu obuyi- 12-15 ° CZifanele zigcinwe kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo enomswakama omalunga nama-80-85%. Ukukhanya kufuneka kube kuncinci ukuthintela ukubola okanye ukuphuhliswa kweencasa ezingathandekiyo. Ungazisonga ingcambu nganye kwiphephandaba okanye uzibeke kwirakhi yocingo egqunywe ngephepha.
Ukuba ubushushu buhla ngaphantsi kwe-12°C ixesha elide, iingcambu zisenokubuna, inyama ibe mnyama, kwaye kuvele amabala okanye imingxunya phezu komhlaba, nto leyo ekwandise umngcipheko wosulelo lwefungus. Yiyo loo nto ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokugcina kubaluleke kangaka.
Iitapile ezimnandi zinyangiwe kwaye zigcinwe kakuhle Zihlala iinyanga eziliqela zikwimeko entle, zigcina incasa yazo emnandi kunye nobume bayo. Oku kuzenza zibe nomdla kakhulu njengendawo yokugcina ukutya ekwindla nasebusika, ekhaya nakwiimveliso ezincinci zorhwebo.
Inzuzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokulima iitapile ezimnandi
Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo okanye ezishushu, iibhatata ezimnandi ngamanye amaxesha zikhuliswa e- ubungakanani obukhulu ngeenjongo zorhweboImfuno iye yanda ngenxa yeempawu zayo zesondlo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okuninzi ekuphekeni. Isivuno esiqhelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo simalunga ne-2-2,5 kg ngemitha yesikwere, nangona ezi zinokudlulwa ngeentlobo ezivelisa kakhulu kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yasekhaya, umvuzo omkhulu udla ngokuba yonwabele isivuno sakho Iitapile ezimnandi nezinencasa, ezikhuliswe ekhaya kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Sisityalo esinomvuzo esingadingi khathalelo olunzima kakhulu kwaye siqhelelana kakuhle neebhedi eziphakanyiswe kakhulu, izityalo ezinkulu, kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo zasekhaya.
Ngaphandle kwetyhubhu ngokwayo, zombini amagqabi amatsha afana namahlumela athambileyo Ziyatyiwa, zongeza olunye udidi lwexabiso kwisityalo. Kwezinye iinkcubeko, zityiwa zitshisiwe okanye zibilisiwe, njengespinatshi, kwaye zingumthombo olungileyo weevithamini kunye neeminerali.
Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zizathu zingasentla, i-sweet potato sisityalo esifanelekileyo ukulingwa emyezweni okanye kwigadi yosapho: sidibanisa ukuqina, imveliso, ixabiso lesondlo kunye nokuguquguquka kokupheka, kwaye ngononophelo olulula ungafumana isivuno esikhulu unyaka nonyaka.
